[Additional protection of liquid thermostats from high temperatures].
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Humans↗
Biomedical subjects
N Hoffmann
Publications and source records attributed to N Hoffmann.
Delay of disease development in transgenic plants that express the tobacco mosaic virus coat protein gene.
A chimeric gene containing a cloned cDNA of the coat protein (CP) gene of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was introduced into tobacco cells on a Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens from which tumor inducing genes had been removed. Plants regenerated from transformed cells expressed TMV mRNA and CP as a nuclear trait. Seedlings from self-fertilized transgenic plants were inoculated with TMV and observed for development of disease symptoms. The seedlings that expressed the CP gene were delayed in symptom development and 10 to 60 percent of the transgenic plants failed to develop symptoms for the duration of the experiments. Increasing the concentration of TMV in the inoculum shortened the delay in appearance of symptoms. The results of these experiments indicate that plants can be genetically transformed for resistance to virus disease development.
DNA↗
Thyroxine binding and TSH in recurrent depressive episodes.
Evidence of a link between recurrent affective disorders and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis has been frequently reported. The clinical course of 40 recurrent major depressive patients was monitored over 2 years with respect to several parameters of thyroid function. Patients entering a depressive recurrence manifested lower free versus bound thyroxine quotients and had higher TSH secretion. A dynamic HPT axis response may enhance the clinical outcome of acute depression during continuation pharmacotherapy.
Adult↗
[The social partners of depressives].
The interactional behavior of depressed individuals and that of control subjects was observed by means of a coding system. The partners of depressed individuals showed different categorial frequencies than the partners of non-depressed individuals. In addition, differing categorial frequencies were displayed by long-term and short-term partners. Short-term partners of depressed individuals were reserved and considerate whereas long-term partners tended to display more demanding and critical behavior. The results are discussed in behavioral terms.
Adult↗
Phosphate transport by isolated renal brush border vesicles.
A sodium dependent specific transport system for phosphate is present in the brush border microvilli but absent from the basal-lateral plasma membranes. The apparent affinity of this transport system for phosphate is 0.08 mM at 100 mM sodium and pH 7.4. It is inhibited competitively by arsenate with an apparent inhibitor constant of 1.1 mM (100 mM sodium, pH 7.4). Sodium dependent phosphate uptake is two times higher at pH 8 compared to the uptake observed at pH 6. The apparent affinity of the transport system for sodium is also pH-dependent, half-maximal stimulation of uptake is found at pH 6 with 129 mM sodium, at pH 7.4 with 60 mM sodium and at pH 8 with 50 mM sodium. Under all conditions a nonhyperbolic dependence of phosphate uptake on the sodium concentration is observed. The uptake of phosphate by brush border microvilli vesicles shows a typical overshoot phenomenon in the presence of sodium gradient across the membrane (CNao greater than CNai). The amount of pohsphate taken up after 2 min is about twice the equilibrium value reached after 2 h of incubation. At pH 7.4 the initial rate of uptake is increased only slighyly (12%) by inside negative membrane diffusion potentials and inhibited to the same extent by inside positive membrane diffusion potentials. These results indicate that the entry of phosphate across the brush border membrane into the epithelial cell of the proximal tubule is coupled to the entry of sodium. The transfer of phosphate is dependent on its concentration gradient and on the concentration difference of sodium. The data are best explained by the following hypothesis: Both the primary phosphate as well as the secondary phosphate are transported in cotransport with sodium. The divalent form however seems to be transported preferentially. Its transport occurs electroneutral with 2 sodium ions; the monovalent phosphate also enters the cell together with 2 sodium ions but as a positively charged complex. The exit of phosphate across the contraluminal cell border is sodium independent and is favoured by the high intracellular phosphate concentration and the inside negative membrane potential.
Animals↗