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Biomedical subjects

N Hashimoto

Publications and source records attributed to N Hashimoto.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Clinical and etiological studies of chlamydial conjunctivitis in Sapporo, Japan.

Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from 21.5% (61/284 cases) of the patients with conjunctivitis seen in an eye clinic in Sapporo, Japan, during a recent 4-year period. The frequency was the highest in newborn babies and the 20- to 29-year-old age group. The early incidence of neonatal conjunctivitis suggested that transmission had occurred at delivery. Isolation by tissue culture is the most sensitive method for detection of this condition but the Micro Trak direct fluorescence antibody test is more practical. The detection of a specific IgG antibody and IgA antibody against chlamydia in human sera and in tears showed that patients with chlamydial conjunctivitis had the antibody before the onset of conjunctivitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Obturator foramen approach in vasovasostomy: studies on a cadaver].

We tested the obturator foramen approach first reported by Shafik in 1982, on an 84-year-old male cadaver. By this approach, the ductus deferens is by-passed through the obturator foramen for the reanastomosis in patients who require excision of a long segment of the ductus deferens. The length of the ductus deferens spared by this method was 10.5 cm. Preservation of the deferential artery and protection of the obturator nerve and vessels were considered to be essential in the operation. When the ductus deferens was cut more distal than the internal inguinal ring, this method was not feasible because the distal part of the vas was too short to come out to the upper scrotal region through the obturator foramen.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Diversity in the effects of extracellular ATP and adenosine on the cellular processing and physiologic actions of insulin in rat adipocytes.

ATP or adenosine (1 mM) added to extracellular buffer abolished both chloroquine- and monensin-dependent accumulation of [125I]iodoinsulin in isolated rat adipocytes. The effects of ATP were not secondary to its conversion to adenosine and were mimicked by beta, gamma-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate. ATP, but not adenosine, partially inhibited the binding of insulin to the cellular receptor. Neither ATP nor adenosine had any significant effect on both internalization of cell-bound insulin and externalization of the internalized hormone. The degradation of cell-bound insulin was reduced to a considerable extent by both 0.1 mM chloroquine and 5 mM ATP, to a lesser degree by 1 mM ATP, and not significantly by 1 or 5 mM adenosine. Physiologically, (a) 1 mM ATP had a strong, while 1 mM adenosine had a mild inhibitory effect on the insulin-stimulated glucose transport without affecting its basal activity, (b) both ATP and adenosine moderately stimulated basal as well as insulin-stimulated glycogen synthase, and (c) ATP, but not adenosine, transiently stimulated basal cAMP phosphodiesterase without affecting the insulin-stimulated enzyme. Phosphodiesterase in cells that had been exposed to ATP for 30 min was refractory to ATP added afresh, but not to insulin. These data suggest that (a) extracellular ATP may block the degradative pathway of insulin processing, (b) adenosine might render the ordinarily irreversible intracellular traffic of insulin reversible or modulate a pathway which is yet to be identified, (c) the previously reported effect of ATP on glycogen synthase may not involve phosphorylation, (d) ATP stimulates cAMP phosphodiesterase by a mechanism which is distinct from that of insulin, and (e) the degradative pathway of insulin processing may not be involved in the physiologic actions of the hormone on glycogen synthase and phosphodiesterase.

2,4-Dinitrophenol↗
PubMed1987

Antibody that recognizes conformations of calmodulin in the serum from patient with chronic active hepatitis.

According to the effects of Ca++ on the reactivity, anti-calmodulin antibody in the sera of patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis was classified into three types, which were tentatively designated as type 1, 2 and 3. Type 1 antibody reacted with calmodulin only in the presence of free Ca++. Binding of type 2 antibody to calmodulin was inhibited by the presence of free Ca++. Type 3 antibody reacted with calmodulin regardless of the presence or absence of free Ca++. Thus the sera contained the populations of the antibody which recognized the different conformations of calmodulin molecule.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1987

Bovine high molecular weight kininogen. The amino acid sequence, positions of carbohydrate chains and disulfide bridges in the heavy chain portion.

The existence of two types of circulating bovine plasma high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK) was predicted from analyses of complementary DNAs coding for this protein (Kitamura, N., Takagaki, Y., Furuto, S., Tanaka, T., Nawa, H., and Nakanishi, S. (1983) Nature 305, 545-549). The present protein-based study provided evidence in support of the proposed amino acid sequence derived from analysis of the cDNA clone, and the results confirm the existence of two types of circulating HMWK. Type I HMWK contains a heavy chain composed of 361 residues, while the heavy chain of type II HMWK contains 359 residues. The amino acid sequences of type I and type II HMWK determined in this study were identical to that inferred from the cDNA sequence with the exception of microheterogeneity observed in the cDNA at position 87 (Glu/Gln) and 168 (Lys/Arg). The heavy chain of type I HMWK contains 4 asparagine-linked carbohydrate chains at Asn-69, -150 (or -151), -179, and -186, while the heavy chain of type II HMWK contains these and an additional carbohydrate chain at Asn-264. In addition, a carbohydrate chain was found to be O-glycosidically linked to Thr-118 in both chains. Among nine disulfide linkages found in HMWK, eight intrachain disulfide pairs were established in the heavy chain. One interchain disulfide bridge occurs between the heavy chain and the light chain. This disulfide pairing, as well as repeating amino acid sequences observed in the heavy chain, provides strong evidence for the existence of three homologous domains in the heavy chain of bovine HMWK.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Effect of the calcium antagonist nilvadipine on haemodynamics at rest and during cold stimulation in essential hypertension.

The immediate haemodynamic effects of the calcium antagonist nilvadipine have been studied in ten patients with established mild essential hypertension. Nilvadipine 4 mg p.o. reduced both the systolic and diastolic blood pressures within 60 min, associated with a fall in total peripheral resistance and an increase in heart rate and cardiac index. The peak of blood pressure and total peripheral resistance reached during a cold pressor test were reduced by nilvadipine, but it did not affect the haemodynamic responsiveness to cold stimulation. Plasma renin activity was unaltered and the plasma noradrenaline concentration was increased only slightly. Thus, nilvadipine lowered blood pressure at rest and during cold stimulation as a result of arteriolar dilatation. The hypotensive effect at rest was associated with a reflex increase in heart rate and cardiac index.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Effects of calmodulin antagonists on secretion of bile and bile acid.

In the isolated perfused rat liver, the effects of calmodulin (CaM) antagonists, chlorpromazine (CPZ), trifluoperazine (TFP), W-7 and W-5, on secretion of bile and bile acid were compared. Without addition of taurocholic acid to the perfusate, TFP (200 microM or higher), CPZ (200 microM) and W-7 (400 microM) decreased the bile flow transiently. In contrast, W-5 did not decrease the bile flow. Taking into consideration the binding of TFP and CPZ to bovine serum albumin in the perfusate, they diminished the bile flow by inhibiting CaM function. This was also supported by the difference between the effects of W-7 and W-5. These findings suggested that CaM was involved in the secretion of bile. Under the constant infusion of taurocholic acid into the perfusate, CaM antagonists decreased the secretion of bile acid. However this might be due to the inhibition of bile acid uptake, because these agents inhibited the uptake into isolated rat hepatocytes. The concentrations required for inhibition of the uptake were near to those which decreased the viability, suggesting that the inhibition was due to their non-specific cytotoxic effect. Future studies must be carried out to determine whether CaM is involved in the secretion of bile acid.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

A diagnostic marker of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis: liver plasma membrane antibody in the serum absorbed with particulate fraction of kidney homogenate.

The sera absorbed with the particulate fraction of rabbit kidney homogenate (RK) were tested for the antibody against liver plasma membrane (LPM-Ab) by the radiometric assay method. After incubation of the isolated rabbit liver plasma membrane (RLPM) with appropriately diluted serum, IgG bound to RLPM (IgG-RLPM) was determined using 125I-labelled Staphylococcal protein A. IgG-RLPM in each subject tested was expressed in arbitrary units, that is, the multiple of the mean radioactivity associated with RLPM in 35 control subjects. Thus IgG-RLPM was 1.00 (mean) +/- 0.23 (SD) in the control subjects, 1.13 +/- 0.30 in 9 patients with chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH), 1.13 +/- 0.52 in 15 with chronic active hepatitis (CAH), 1.34 +/- 0.38 in 23 with liver cirrhosis (LC) and 3.45 +/- 0.73 in 5 with autoimmune CAH. F(ab')2 fragments from a patient with autoimmune CAH and a control subject decreased IgG-RLPM by 86.4 +/- 6.35 and -5.2 +/- 14.9%, respectively, in four patients with autoimmune CAH. LPM-Ab was detected in 0, 20.0 and 17.4% in the patients with CPH, CAH and LC, respectively. All of the patients with autoimmune CAH were positive for LPM-Ab. The absorption of the sera positive for LPM-Ab with RK decreased IgG-RLPM in various extents. In two of five patients with autoimmune CAH and two of seven patients with CAH or LC, the majority of LPM-Ab was cross-reactive with RK.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Prenatal developmental process of human temporomandibular joint.

The prenatal development of 20 human TMJs from the fourteenth gestational week to full term was studied and the following observations were made. Radiologic findings: at the sixteenth gestational week, the outline of the TMJ as radioopaque structures appeared. Curvature of the articular eminence of the temporal components was observed at gestational week 33, and convexity of the condylar head of the condylar process was observed at the thirty-first week. Histologic findings: at the fifteenth gestational week, thin intramembranous ossification of the temporal components and endochondral ossification of the condylar process were observed, and secondary cartilage occupied the whole condylar process. The articular disk was distinguishable and was composed of fine collagen fibers. At the seventeenth gestational week, endochondral ossification of the condylar process appeared, the formation of joint cavities was fairly completed, and synovial tissues were easily observed. From gestational week 17 through 21, endochondral ossification of the condylar process developed rapidly and the layer structures, which consisted of a fibrous covering layer, transitional cell layer, hypertrophic layer, and erosive layer, were observed. At the twenty-first gestational week, Meckel's cartilage disappeared and hematopoietic foci appeared in the temporal components and the condylar process. Week 21 seemed to be the greatest turning point of the prenatal development of the human TMJ. Secondary cartilage of the condylar process diminished gradually throughout fetal life, but was vestigial at full term.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cartilage, Articular↗
PubMed1987

Abnormal calcium handling by perifused pancreatic islets from neonatal streptozotocin diabetic model rats.

To elucidate the mechanism of impaired insulin release in case of non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM), we investigated insulin release and 45Ca++ efflux from perifused islets obtained from neonatal streptozotocin diabetic model rats. The model rats were prepared by the intraperitoneal administration of 65 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) to neonatal males. Rats treated with STZ did not differ from controls in body weight from 1 week to 16 weeks. The model rats had significant hyperglycemia both in the fasting state and after intraperitoneal administration of 2 g/kg glucose. Although the diameter of the islets from the model rats was not significantly different from that of controls, immunoreactivity to anti-insulin was slightly diminished, and degranulation was slightly observed in B-cells. Insulin content was reduced to 45.6% of the control. Insulin release from the perifused islets of STZ-treated rats responded little to 16.7 mmol/L glucose, but normally to 20 mmol/L arginine in the presence of 5.5 mmol/L glucose. In experiments to test the 45Ca++ efflux from the perifused islets prelabeled with 45Ca++, a rise of 45Ca++ efflux concomitant with the second phase of insulin release from the islets of the model rats was inhibited although a sharp increase of 45Ca++ efflux concomitant with the first phase of insulin release was maintained. 45Ca++ uptake for 30 minutes was reduced in the islets from the model rats in the basal and stimulated state of insulin secretion although the incremental 45Ca++ uptake was similar. It is possible that the abnormal calcium handling in pancreatic B-cells may be one of the causes of defect in insulin release in our model rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗