Synovial osteochondromatosis of the retrocalcaneal bursa. A case report.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
N Hashimoto
Publications and source records attributed to N Hashimoto.
Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia associated with systemic lupus erythematosus with antiphospholipid antibody.
Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) is a pathologic entity characterized by the formation of fibrous tissue plugs within terminal bronchioles and alveolar ducts. Although BOOP has been associated with several connective tissue disorders, there are rare reports of BOOP in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We present a patient with SLE accompanying antiphospholipid antibody who developed recurrent respiratory symptoms and radiographic abnormalities. The diagnosis of BOOP was confirmed by transbronchial lung biopsy. This case suggests that not only SLE, but also the presence of antiphospholipid antibody, may be associated with the development of BOOP.
Adult↗
[An autopsy case of rheumatoid arthritis associated with proliferative endarteritis died of sudden severe melaena].
A 68-year-old male with a 2-year history of rheumatoid arthritis was hospitalized due to severe polyarthritis. Since level of rheumatoid factor was high, and subcutaneous nodules and cutaneous ulcers were present, the case was diagnosed as malignant rheumatoid arthritis (rheumatoid vasculitis). On 10th day after admission, severe dyspnea developed due to acute heart failure, followed by severe melaena. The patient did not respond to various treatments including steroid pulse therapy, and died 3 days later. Autopsy revealed widespread hemorrhagic infarction that was extended from the colon to the rectum. Proliferative endarteritis was recognized in mesenteric vessels, however neither necrosis nor inflammatory changes were observed. The melaena was caused by the interstinal infarction. The intestinal infarction was thought to be responsible for the circulatory disturbances due to heart failure in obstructive vessel lesion of mesenteric vessels.
Aged↗
Analysis of toe pressures under the foot while dynamic standing on one foot in healthy subjects.
Dynamic balance is a crucial element in performing many activities of daily living. The one-leg stance test is a valuable test for balance impairment. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationships between body sway and toe pressure for dynamic balance test of one-leg standing on a perturbation platform. The subjects were 15 volunteers (six males and nine females, age = 21.1 +/- 1.8 years). The instrument used for evaluation of balance was the Balance System, whose software provides information on the subject's stance balance through calculation of two main variables: 1) body sway parameters (cm) and 2) peak pressure (percent of body weight/cm2) under the toes. The Balance System includes actuators which move the foot platform back and forth (+/- 40 mm perturbation at 0.25 Hz) at an average velocity of 20 mm/sec. The subjects were asked to balance on each leg for 20 seconds. The trials were repeated on the opposite foot after 5 minutes of rest. The dynamic postural control induced by low frequency perturbation in the anterior/posterior direction used the ankle strategy. Body sway was more significantly correlated with the peak anterior/posterior sway component than with lateral sway (p < 0.01). The peak pressure value of the great toe was significantly greater (p < 0.01) than the sum of the peak values of the other four toes for both sides. The study indicates the importance of the strength of the toes and somatosensory information from the sole and ankle during the dynamic one-foot standing balance as goals in rehabilitation for poor balance.
Adult↗
[Problems encountered with a programmable pressure valve (SOPHY) positioned in the chest wall].
Sixty-eight hydrocephalic patients were treated with a shunt system that incorporated a SOPHY programmable valve. This device is very effective for treating disorders of CSF circulation. However, when the valve is placed on the scalp, it produces artifacts on MR imaging due to its small magnetic rotor, and may cause necrosis of the scalp above it. On the other hand, when it is positioned on the chest, MR artifacts decrease and exchanging the valve devices becomes easier. Therefore, we have positioned the device on the chest. However, some complications were encountered, such as the turning over of the valve in the subcutaneous pocket and the twisting of the shunt tube. Moreover, the shunt tube may stretch due to growth of the neck during development in infantile patients or extension of the neck during exercise. These complications are associated only with subcutaneous placement on the chest, so we conclude that such a valve, if placed on the chest, should be placed in a lower position on the chest, and if MR examination will not be performed in the foreseeable future, we recommend that it be placed on the occipital scalp, especially in infantile patients.
Aged↗
[The clinical significance of the measurement of serum soluble interleukin-2 receptors in various diseases].
We measured the serum levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) in patients with collagen disease, viral hepatitis, and chronic renal failure on hemodialysis (HD) by enzyme immunoassay. sIL-2R levels were significantly higher in patients with collagen diseases (rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 843 +/- 509; systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 774 +/- 308; Sjögren's syndrome (SjS), 760 +/- 288; progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS), 649 +/- 198U/ml), with the viral markers of hepatitis B or C (HBsAg positives, 911 +/- 589; anti-HCV positives, 664 +/- 455U/ml) or with chronic renal failure on HD(1,431 +/- 406U/ml) than in the controls (302 +/- 57U/ml). In RA patients, there was a significant positive correlation between sIL-2R level and Lansbury's Indice or serum rheumatoid factor level. Patients with viral hepatitis showed a significantly positive correlation between the sIL-2R level and the level of ZTT or TTT. There was a significant difference between the HD patients with the anti-HCV antibody and those without, and between those with the anti human T lymphotrophic virus-I (HTLV-I) antibody and those without. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between the sIL-2R level and duration of HD. These findings suggest that sIL-2R is a useful marker for disease activity in collagen diseases, especially in RA, and chronic viral infection such as HBV, HCV or HTLV-I in HD patients.
Autoimmune Diseases↗
New immunodeficient mouse strains bred by introducing beige and xid mutations into the KSN nude strain.
We introduced two mutant genes (beige or bg, which induces a deficiency of natural killer activity, and xid, which decreases the production of immunoglobulins) into KSN nude mice with high reproductive performance. At first we produced the KSN-bg/bg(nu/nu) (KSN-bg) and KSN-xid/xid(nu/nu) (KSN-xid) congenic strain by backcross (cross-intercross method). After we identified homozygosity at the biochemical locus and polymorphic microsatellite loci, we mated KSN-bg and KSN-xid mice, and selected the KSN-xid/xid;bg/bg(nu/nu) (KSN-BNX) mice from the progeny. Furthermore we introduced the non-nude gene, which originated from CBA/N, into the KSN strain and produced KSN-nu/+ (KS) mice that have the same genetic background except for the nu locus. All strains had as high a reproductivity rate as the parental KSN mice. The KSN-xid and KSN-BNX mice had a reduced percentage of B220-positive cells in the spleen compared with KSN and KSN-bg mice, but they had increased percentages of Thy-1 and asialo GM1-positive cells. The serum immunoglobulin concentrations of BNX were as low as those of KSN-xid mice. Both KSN-bg and KSN-BNX mice had deficient natural killer activity in the spleen, whereas KSN-xid mice had increased natural killer activity. Compared with nude mice, the growth of the human thyroid tumor cell line transplanted subcutaneously was enhanced in BNX mice. These KSN, KSN-bg, KSN-xid, KSN-BNX, and KS nice not only are of value for use in various fields as the hosts of xenograft but also are good models of the combination effect of multiple immunodeficient genes.
Animals↗
Serotyping of Chlamydia trachomatis from inclusion conjunctivitis by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.
A molecular biological method of detecting and serotyping Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) directly from conjunctival specimens by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed and applied to the diagnosis of inclusion conjunctivitis. We amplified 1.2 kbp DNA fragments of ompA gene from 15 reference strains of C. trachomatis by two-step PCR using two pairs of primers. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis using a combination of three endonucleases (HinfI, HindIII and HhaI) completely differentiated 13 of the 15 serovars; the exceptions were B and Ba. We then used this method for 18 strains of C. trachomatis isolated from Japanese patients with inclusion conjunctivitis, serotyping them into six groups: D (5/18), G (5/18), E (3/18), H (2/18), F (1/18), and K (1/18). In our comparison of cell culture isolation with PCR analysis of 38 conjunctival swabs from 35 patients in Sapporo with follicular conjunctivitis, 8 were positive in culture isolation and were also positive in two-step PCR. Twenty-five of 26 strains (the 18 isolated strains and 8 strains amplified by two-step PCR) were genotyped to D, G, H, E, F, and K. One isolated strain could not be identified. The C. trachomatis which causes inclusion conjunctivitis in Japan appears to have a distribution of serovars similar to that of the sexually transmitted diseases.
Adolescent↗
[A quantitative of serum biotin with microplate-assay using affinity streptavidin].
We modified Bayer's method of micro-plate assay for quantitation of biotin concentration. Biotin concentration in the solution and serum which cannot be quantitated directly by a microorganism assay (bio-assay), was easily determined by this method, which showed a high affinity of streptavidin for biotin this method and had a wide measurement range (0.9-60,000 pg/ml). We measured the concentration of biotin in 150 sera from 44 patients (21 males and 23 females) with active hepatitis (high level of both GOT and GPT, over 100 IU/l), 15 patients (7 males and 8 females) with inactive hepatitis (positive HCV-Ab but within normal limits of both GOT and GPT level), 17 patients (8 males and 9 females) with hepatoma and liver cirrhosis and 71 healthy persons (34 males and 37 females). The biotin concentration of sera in the healthy persons was 243.5 +/- 184.6 pg/ml, there being no sex difference. The biotin concentration in sera was higher in the patients than in healthy persons. It was high in the hepatoma and cirrhosis group (4,394.0 +/- 6,176.3), the active hepatitis group (2,397.4 +/- 2,785.5), and the inactive hepatitis group (1,873.2 +/- 1,523.7). These findings suggest that the biotin concentration is not significantly correlated with an escape enzyme such as GOT and GPT. These findings suggest that a high biotin concentration reflects other mechanisms such as escape from damaged liver cells.
Adult↗
[Detection of HIV-1 in plasma samples using microplate hybridization after RT-PCR].
We have developed a microplate hybridization(MH) technique, which utilizes the non-isotopic method of enzyme-linked assay for detection of HIV in the amplified product after PCR. HIV RNA extracted from plasma was amplified by RT-Nested-PCR using biotinylated-inner primers of gag, pol and env regions, respectively. The PCR product was visualized by 5% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining. The heat-denatured PCR product was hybridized with HIVcDNA of each region which was immobilized to a microplate. The hybridized microplate was reacted with streptavidin-conjugate peroxidase and then the optical density(O.D.) was read at 490nm. The cut off value was determined at O.D. 0.25. The results of the electrophoresis of gag, pol and env regions were all positive in 53 HIV-1 seropositive samples from Japan and the USA, and all negative in 55 HIV-1 seronegative samples. Using the MH technique, USA samples showed a higher O.D. than the Japan samples, particularly in the pol region. The results of MH technique in gag and pol regions coincided with that of electrophoresis. But, one of 27 Japanese HIV-1 seropositive samples showed O.D. of less than 0.2 in only env region. This particular sample was classified by V3 peptide-based enzyme immunoassay as subtype E, which differs from the typical subtype B of Japan and USA samples. This suggests the presence of several genotypes in HIV-1 seropositive individuals in Japan. Based on this data, the MH technique using gag, pol and env region is a simple, sensitive, safe and specific assay for detection of HIV-1 RNA in plasma, and would be useful in clinical testing.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
[Childhood hypertension].
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Antihypertensive Agents↗
Herniation and entrapment of a nerve root secondary to an unrepaired small dural laceration at lumbar hemilaminectomies.
STUDY DESIGN: The authors encountered a unique case of nerve root herniation 9 days after multiple lumbar partial hemilaminectomies with discectomy were performed for lumbar canal stenosis combined with lumbar disc hernia. OBJECTIVE: The treatment of this patient involved surgical repair even though the dural laceration was small and the arachnoid was intact. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: There have been no reports of nerve root herniation into the facet joint through the arachnoid space after laminectomy, except in cases of extradural distention of the arachnoid membrane. METHODS: The patient presented with weakness of the right lower extremity and underwent partial hemilaminectomies and discectomy for lumbar canal stenosis. Nine days after surgery, he suddenly experience severe pain in the left S1 region. Neither myelography nor computed tomography-myelography revealed pathologic findings before the second operation. At surgery, herniation of the S1 nerve root was found. Surgical correction of the herniated nerve root at the level of the left L5 vertebra was performed. RESULTS: This correction completely relieved the pain in the left S1 region. CONCLUSION: This herniation resulted from an unrepaired minor dural laceration. The arachnoid membrane was intact during the first operation. Even a small tear in the spinal dura requires surgical closure to prevent herniation and entrapment of a nerve root. It is necessary to repair even small dural lacerations with no spinal fluid leakage during spinal surgery.
Diskectomy↗
Ultrastructural localization and translocation of nitric oxide synthase in the endothelium of the human cerebral artery.
An electron microscopic immunocytochemical study was undertaken to clarify ultrastructural localization and translocation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in endothelial cells (EC) of the human cerebral and superficial temporal arteries (STA) employing antibody against endothelial NOS (EC-NOS). NOS immunoreactivity was found in all EC examined, in association with the plasma membrane and cytoplasmic organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum, Weibel-Palade body and subplasmalemmal vesicles, and in the cytoplasm devoid of organelles and extracellular regions, irrespective of arteries. The immunoreactivity in subplasmalemmal vesicles was, however, demonstrated only in human cerebral arteries. In the human STA exposed to bradykinin which induces EC-NOS phosphorylation, the gold particles significantly increased in the cytosol and decreased in the areas associated with cytoplasmic organelles; however, the number of particles did not change significantly in the plasma membrane. The results implicate that NOS may be translocated from the area associated with cytoplasmic organelles to cytosol following EC exposure to bradykinin.
Adult↗
Role of tyrosine kinase in the regulation of myogenin expression.
Using an affinity-purified anti-myogenin antibody, three stages of mouse myoblast C2C12 cells during myogenesis could be identified: proliferating myoblasts as myogenin-negative mononucleated cells, differentiating myoblasts as myogenin-positive mononucleated cells, and myotubes as myogenin-positive multinucleated cells. We found differential effects of genistein, an inhibitor of protein-tyrosine kinase, on myogenic cells during these three stages. Genistein severely inhibited myotube formation and myogenin production in differentiating myoblasts by inhibiting the transcription of the myogenin gene in a dose-dependent manner. We also found that genistein inactivated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) accompanied by suppression of myogenin expression. In contrast, genistein failed to inactivate MAP kinase and eliminate myogenin from myotubes. The results suggest that protein-tyrosine kinase plays a role in the transcriptional regulation of myogenin through the MAP kinase cascade during myogenesis. Furthermore, genistein inhibited the transactivation of the myosin heavy chain gene by constitutively expressed myogenin. Therefore, it is suggested that protein-tyrosine kinase is involved in the post-translational regulation of myogenin as well as in transcriptional regulation during myogenesis.
Animals↗
Frequent deletions of material from chromosome arm 1p in oligodendroglial tumors revealed by double-target fluorescence in situ hybridization and microsatellite analysis.
We undertook a cytogenetic analysis of 29 human brain tumors using double-target fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and focusing on chromosome arm 1p. One or more tumor suppressor genes in this arm have been suggested to be important in a variety of neuroectodermal tumors. The series included 9 oligodendrogliomas, 4 mixed gliomas, 10 astrocytomas, 4 glioblastomas, and 2 central neurocytomas. We hybridized pericentromeric (1q12) and subtelomeric (1p36) DNA probes to cell nuclei prepared from paraffin-embedded tissues and observed a strikingly high incidence of deletion of at least part of 1p in oligodendrogliomas (100%) and mixed gliomas (75%). The results of the FISH analyses were confirmed by demonstration of loss of heterozygosity for a microsatellite polymorphism in 10 of the 29 tumors. As well as supporting the feasibility of FISH for detecting allelic deletions in chromosomes from paraffin-embedded tumor samples, the alteration of 1p reported here will contribute to an understanding of the molecular genetic events in oligodendroglial tumor development.
Brain Neoplasms↗
Mapping of jvs (juvenile visceral steatosis) gene, which causes systemic carnitine deficiency in mice, on chromosome 11.
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Animals↗
Identification of two novel amino acid polymorphisms in beta-cell/liver (GLUT2) glucose transporter in Japanese subjects.
The beta-cell/liver glucose transporter (GLUT2) gene was screened for mutations using single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis (SSCP) in 30 Japanese subjects with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Analysis of all exons and adjacent intron regions identified six SSCP polymorphisms, three of which resulted in amino acid substitutions: V101I, T110I and G519E. The V101I and G519E, substitutions represent new polymorphisms in this gene. The six polymorphisms were observed in both NIDDM and control groups and there were no significant differences in allele frequencies between groups. A portion of the insulin receptor substrate 1 gene in 30 NIDDM subjects and in normal control subjects was also screened for mutations. Two SSCP variants that change the sequence of the protein, delta S686/687 (deletion of the codons for serine-686 and 687) and G972R, were identified in two different NIDDM subjects, both whom were also heterozygous for the V101I polymorphisms in GLUT2. The GLUT2 and IRS1 amino acid polymorphisms did not show a simple pattern of co-inheritance with NIDDM in the families of these subjects suggesting that neither polymorphism is sufficient to cause NIDDM but may increase diabetes-susceptibility through their interaction with other loci and environmental factors.
Amino Acid Sequence↗