We report a rare case of endoscopic removal of colonic pedunculated leiomyoma with an aid of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS). A 46-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with complaints of lower abdominal pain and alternating constipation and diarrhea. Colonoscopy revealed a small pedunculated polyp in the transverse colon covered with almost normal mucosa. EUS showed a hypoechoic solid tumor with clear margins and smooth contour in the second to third layer. We considered this lesion as a submucosal tumor of the colon with no continuity to the muscularis propria. We performed endoscopic removal of this tumor successfully, and histological diagnosis was a leiomyoma. Endoscopic removal of colonic pedunculated leiomyoma is rare. Moreover, in our case, EUS showed typical findings of colonic leiomyoma and was useful to assess the location of the submucosal tumor. We describe herein our experience and discuss similar cases reported in the English literature.

Colonic Neoplasms↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The interval between flexible sigmoidoscopy screening examinations can be expanded beyond five years.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: As one of the methods for colorectal cancer screening, asymptomatic average-risk persons aged > or = 50 years are recommended to undergo flexible sigmoidoscopy screening every 5 years. We evaluate whether the interval between examinations can be extended beyond 5 years. METHODOLOGY: A total of 192 asymptomatic average-risk subjects were studied, all of whom had undergone a initial negative examination on a flexible sigmoidoscopy screening at age > or = 50 years and a second examination at least 3 years later. The study population was divided into three groups according to the interval between examinations, which was 3-5 years in Group A, 5-6 years in Group B, and 6-8 years in Group C. RESULTS: The incidence of neoplasms was compared among the three subjects groups, and it was found to be similar: 11/96 (11.5%) in group A, 4/55 (7.3%) in group B, and 5/41 (12.2%) in group C. All detected adenomas were less than 10 mm in diameter, and none contained a villous component or high-grade dysplasia. No cancers were found in the study. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the interval for screening sigmoidoscopy may be extended beyond 5 years in persons showing negative results on an initial examination.

Adenoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of different burs on dentin bond strengths of self-etching primer bonding systems.

This study evaluated the effects of cutting dentin with different types of burs on tensile bond strength using three self-etching primer bonding systems (Clearfil Liner Bond 2 [LB2], Clearfil Liner Bond 2V [2V] and Clearfil SE BOND [SE], Kuraray, Co, Ltd, Osaka, Japan). Thirty-six intact extracted human third molars were ground flat to expose occlusal dentin, followed by polishing the dentin surfaces with #600 SiC paper. The teeth were divided into four groups according to bur type and grit: fine cut fissure steel bur (SB600), cross cut fissure steel bur (SB703), regular grit diamond bur (DB). Controls were abraded with #600 grit SiC paper (AP#600). The dentin surfaces of the SB600, SB703 and DB groups were cut under copious air-water spray with the respective burs mounted in a dental handpiece. The teeth were treated with one of three adhesive systems, then composite buildups were created with Clearfil AP-X (Kuraray Co, Ltd, Osaka, Japan). After soaking in water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours, serial vertical sections (0.7 mm thick, 7-8 slices per one tooth) were made, trimmed to form an hour-glass shape with a 1.0 mm2 cross-section and tensile bond strengths were determined at a cross-head speed of 1 mm/min. Statistical analysis was made using one and two-way ANOVA and Fisher's PLSD test (p<0.05). Eight additional molars were prepared. Burs or abrasive paper were used for SEM observations of the dentin surfaces of each group before and after treatment with the self-etching primers. All adhesive systems yielded the same ranking of bond strengths to the surfaces prepared with different abrasives: from highest to lowest, AP#600 > SB600 > SB703 > DB. This ranking reached statistical significance using Clearfil Liner Bond 2V (p<0.05). Therefore, when cutting dentin, selecting the adequate bur type is important for improved bonding of adhesive systems using self-etching primer to dentin.

Acid Etching, Dental↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of self-etching primer vs phosphoric acid etchant on bonding to bur-prepared dentin.

This study evaluated the effect of dentin conditioner on tensile bond strength to dentin prepared with different types of burs. A self-etching primer system, Mac-Bond II (MB, Tokuyama Dental) and a phosphoric acid etching system, Single Bond (SB, 3M) were used for conditioning. Twenty-four extracted intact human molars were ground flat to expose occlusal dentin. After the dentin surfaces were polished with #600 SiC paper, the teeth were randomly divided into a control group and three experimental groups according to the bur grits used: #600 SiC paper only as the control, fine cut steel bur (SB600), crosscut steel bur (SB703) and regular grit diamond bur (DB) mounted in a dental handpiece utilizing water cooling. The dentin surfaces were treated with one of two adhesive systems, then composite buildups were done with Clearfil AP-X (Kuraray Medical). After soaking the bond specimens for 24 hours in 37 degrees C water, multiple vertical serial sections (0.7 mm thick, 7-8 slices per one tooth) were made, trimmed to form an hour-glass shape with a 1.0 mm2 cross-section and tensile bond strengths were determined at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/minute. Statistical analysis was made using one and two-way ANOVA and Fisher's PLSD test (p<0.05). Six additional molars were used for SEM observations of the dentin surfaces of each group before and after treatment with the self-etching primer of MB, and another four teeth were used to observe the resin-dentin interface of each group of SB. Using MB, the DB group produced the lowest tensile bond strength (TBS) among the groups that received bur preparation, and there were no statistical differences among SB600, SB703 and the control. For SB, the TBS of SB703 was the highest, and there were no statistical differences among the other groups and the control. The influence of the method used to prepare dentin for micro-tensile bond strength testing was dependent on the adhesive system used.

Acid Etching, Dental↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cryptococcus neoformans can be misidentified as a microsporidian: studies of lung lesions in leprosy patients.

Pulmonary lesions seen in autopsies of leprosy patients were initially thought to involve microsporidial infection. After immunohistochemical studies, it was concluded that the infectious microorganism was Cryptococcus neoformans.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Electron microscope study of Erythema nodosum leprosum.

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Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Case of triple cancer co-existent with leprosy].

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Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Expression and alteration of p53 and p21(waf1/cip1) influence the sensitivity of chemoradiation therapy for esophageal cancer.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: In vitro analyses have been demonstrated that wild type p53 and p21(waf1/cip1) proteins regulate cellular proliferation and sensitivity of anticancer agents, however, the roles of p53 and p21(waf1/cip1) expression on the response to the chemoradiation therapy for human esophageal squamous cell cancer have not been investigated. METHODOLOGY: With an immunohistochemical method using specimens before and after the chemoradiation therapy, we investigate in this report the influence of the p53 and p21(waf1/cip1) expression on the chemoradiation therapy response or alteration of these protein expressions by chemoradiation therapy in thirteen esophageal squamous cell cancer patients who received our recently developed chemoradiation therapy. RESULTS: In the biopsy specimens before the chemoradiation therapy, 82% of the responders and 71% of patients with down T-classification had either a p53-/p21+ or p53+/p21+ phenotype. Eighty two percent and 46% of the cases with these two phenotypes showed complete or partial response and down T-classification, respectively. After the chemoradiation therapy, 73% of the responders and 71% of the patients with down T-classification had either a p53-/p21+ or p53+/p21+ phenotype. Eighty eight percent and 56% of the cases with these two phenotypes showed complete or partial response and down T-classification, respectively. Comparative analysis before and after the chemoradiation therapy revealed that four patients had an alteration of p53 and p21(waf1/cip1) expression in association with the therapeutic response. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that wild type p53 or p21(waf1/cip1) expression relates with and can be altered by the chemoradiation therapy, which could influence the therapeutic efficacy.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗