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Biomedical subjects

N Hammond

Publications and source records attributed to N Hammond.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Responsible alcohol service: a study of server, manager, and environmental impact.

A responsible alcohol-service training program was evaluated for its impact on changing beliefs, knowledge, and behavior in 97 servers and 43 managers and on changing establishment policies that encourage safer drinking environments. The training program had a significant impact on changing the beliefs and knowledge of both servers and managers. Observation 4 to 6 weeks after training showed no effects on server behavior, but there was a tendency toward more establishment policies compared with controls.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1989

Community-based health promotion: a survey of churches, labor unions, supermarkets, and restaurants.

A telephone survey of randomly-sampled churches, labor unions, supermarkets and restaurants was conducted in San Diego, California to determine the level of health promotion activities offered for members and customers. Nearly two-thirds of the churches offered health promotion programs, the bulk of which were single educational sessions. A similar proportion of labor unions reported programs, and most of them consisted of the distribution of materials and single-session group meetings. About one-third of the supermarkets reported activities, with most of these being the distribution of brochures. Similarly, about one-third of restaurants reported programs, which primarily consisted of the enforcement of no-smoking regulations. Very few organizations evaluated programs or desired assistance from health professionals. It was concluded that while secular health promotion programs are common and are available to many people, their quality and effectiveness are unknown. These findings present a challenge for public health professionals and agencies.

California↗
PubMed1987

Combination chemotherapy and systemic irradiation consolidation for poor prognosis breast cancer.

Seventy patients with poor prognosis, metastatic breast cancer were treated with FUVAC induction chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil, vinblastine, Adriamycin [doxorubicin] and cyclophosphamide). Consolidation therapy was given to 30 of 48 responders (63%), of whom 23 received sequential hemibody irradiation (HBI) at 8 cGy, corrected in the upper half for lung transmission. Seven received high dose cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation (TBI) with subsequent infusion of stored, cryopreserved autologous bone marrow. The response rate to induction therapy was 71% (complete [CR] in 21%). The median survival for all patients entered in this study is 12 months. With consolidation, one CR patient who received cyclophosphamide and TBI is disease free at 20+ months, off all treatment, while HBI did not produce longterm remissions. Of 17 partial response (PR) patients, two of 12 improved to CR with HBI, and one of five improved with cyclophosphamide plus TBI, but all ultimately relapsed. The main toxicity of sequential HBI was myelosuppression, with prolonged thrombocytopenia in 13%; only one case of radiation pneumonitis occurred (3%). Cyclophosphamide and TBI produced temporary, reversible marrow aplasia without other major toxicity. We recommend further investigation of Cytoxan (Bristol Myers Oncology Division, Evansville, IN) and TBI for breast cancer patients in remission after chemotherapy.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1987

Procuring incentives for community health promotion programs.

Many community health promotion programs have used incentives to encourage participation and to reward health behavior change. To minimize expenses and to enhance a sense of shared responsibility, a number of projects have turned to community merchants as a source of incentives. This study investigated the relative effectiveness of solicitation methods used to procure incentives from local merchants for community health promotion programs. The effect of setting, i.e. level of urban development, and type of business were also analyzed in terms of procurement rates. Two hundred and eighteen merchants were solicited to gain incentives for two programs. Twenty-four incentives were procured at a total value of $480. Telemarketing and face-to-face contact had similar procurement rates, restaurants were by far the type of business most likely to donate, and rural merchants provided incentives significantly more often than urban merchants, while developing urban area merchants' donation rates were midway in between. Telemarketing was the solicitation method clearly most cost effective.

California↗
PubMed1985

Chemohormonal therapy for advanced breast cancer with tamoxifen, adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide (TAC).

Combined chemohormonal therapy is an attractive therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Stage IV breast cancer. Between 1977 and 1979, the authors evaluated a new chemohormonal therapy program in 63 evaluable women with advanced breast cancer who previously had not received cytotoxic chemotherapy or tamoxifen. The chemohormonal therapy consisted of 21- to 28-day cycles of tamoxifen (10 mg orally twice daily), Adriamycin (doxorubicin) (40 mg/m2 intravenously on day 1) and cyclophosphamide (200 mg/m2 orally on days 3-6) (TAC). Objective responses were observed in 82% of the patients (22% complete response, 60% partial response). With a median follow-up of 104 weeks (2 years), the median relapse-free survival for the 52 responding patients was 80 weeks. The median survival for the entire group of 63 patients was 118 weeks. Eleven pretreatment patient characteristics were evaluated via univariate and multivariate analysis to determine their effect on response and survival. Prognostic factors with a significant association with longer survivals were as follows: a lack of soft tissue involvement, a lack of pleural involvement, and a long disease-free interval (DFI). Estrogen receptor (ER)-unknown patients, being composed primarily of postmenopausal patients with a long DFI and single-organ involvement (primarily bone), comprised 62% of the patient population and achieved a survival similar to the smaller number of ER-positive patients and was superior to the survival of ER-negative patients. Toxicities were recorded on all patients and overall the treatment was well tolerated. Combined chemohormonal therapy with TAC resulted in a high objective response rate and a long median survival. This study would support additional trials of chemohormonal therapy in patients with ER-positive tumors or in those whose tumors are likely to be ER-positive (e.g., postmenopausal patients with long DFIs).

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Phase I trial of carboplatin-cyclophosphamide and iproplatin-cyclophosphamide in advanced ovarian cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group study.

The Southwest Oncology Group has carried out a phase I clinical trial of carboplatin plus cyclophosphamide and iproplatin plus cyclophosphamide in 20 patients with stages III and IV ovarian cancer prior to initiating a phase III trial to compare these platinum analog-cyclophosphamide combinations with standard cisplatin-cyclophosphamide therapy. Myelosuppression proved the dose-limiting toxicity of both the carboplatin (300 mg/m2) plus cyclophosphamide (600 mg/m2) and iproplatin (180 mg/m2) plus cyclophosphamide (600 mg/m2) regimens. Evaluating up to six courses of therapy (repeated at 4-week intervals), the median nadir WBC and platelet counts associated with carboplatin-cyclophosphamide therapy were 1800 (range, 900-4000) and 69 000 per microliter, respectively, and those associated with iproplatin-cyclophosphamide therapy were 1400 (1100-1600) and 140 000 per microliter, respectively. Although the starting doses of carboplatin and iproplatin required a median decrease of 25%, the median doses of each administered through six courses of therapy were 300 and 180 mg/m2, respectively. Neither nephrotoxicity nor neuropathy were experienced by the patients, but mild to moderate nausea and vomiting occurred in more than 75% of those treated with either drug combination. Alopecia of mild to severe degree was observed in 40% of patients. Although the results of this phase I trial are still preliminary, we can recommend for future phase III trials 300 mg/m2 carboplatin and 180 mg/m2 iproplatin when combined with 600 mg/m2 cyclophosphamide repeated a 4-week intervals for six treatment courses.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Sequential complement changes after childhood acute nephritis.

A group of 29 children with acute nephritis have been studied in relation to complement changes during and after their illness. Eighty-two percent had evidence of a streptococcal aetiology. C3 levels were initially depressed in 96.5 percent, but by 12 months all children were normal clinically and had normal complement status. The role of complement is discussed in relation to acute nephritis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Predictive value of bone scans in an adjuvant breast cancer program.

Technetium 99m phosphate-complex bone scans were performed in 43 women within two months of mastectomy for stage I (1 patient), stage II (28 patients), and stage III (14 patients) breast cancer. Twelve (28%) initial bone scans were interpreted as either equivocally abnormal (6 scans) or definitely abnormal (6 scans). Radiographs confirmed metastatic disease in 2 patients who were then considered ineligible for adjuvant therapy (adriamycin-cyclophosphamide with or without local radiotherapy). Of the remaining 41 eligible patients, all have received adjuvant therapy and 36 have had at least one additional bone scan at 6-month intervals. Among 20 patients whose serial bone scans were unchanged, there has been no clinical recurrence with a mean followup of 20 months. In contrast, among 16 patients whose serial bone scans have changed (e.g., appearance of new focal lesions, disappearance of old lesions), there have been 6 clinical recurrences (p = 0.01) with a mean followup of 43 months. We conclude that carefully performed technetium pyrophosphate bone scans are helpful in the accurate initial staging of patients being considered for adjuvant breat cancer treatment, and that serial changes in the bone scan identify a group of patients at high risk for early recurrence.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Bacterial meningitis: a review of 53 patients.

The mortality figures and incidence of bacterial meningitis in children from Tauranga are reviewed. The high rate of meningitis in relationship to overseas countries is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Acute glomerulonephritis: the current role of the streptococcus.

Thirty-one patients who presented with acute glomerulonephritis have been reviewed with respect to the involvement of the streptococcus in their disease. The high incidence of the condition and the fact that 76 percent of the patients had evidence of streptococcal infection, as indicated by a raised anti-streptolysin O-titre is discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

Changes in serum tryptophan and albumin binding of tryptophan in chlorpromazine-treated chronic schizophrenics on withdrawal and restoration of drug therapy.

Withdrawal of drug from a group of chlorpromazine-treated chronic male schizophrenics led to a significant rise in the initially low serum tryptophan concentration, and a rise in the fraction freely diffusible. These changes, which would be expected to lead to an increase in tryptophan influx into the brain, and hence to an increase in cerebral serotonin synthesis, could be related to the clinical effects of drug withdrawal.

Adult↗