Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to N H Rowe.
By virtue of occupation, dentists are frequently exposed to the herpes simplex virus. The risk of infection by the virus was evaluated by assessing disease experience as shown by history compared with the results of complement fixing or antibody titration tests, or both.
The efficacy of mefenamic acid, aspirin, and a placebo for control of postendodontic pain was compared in a double-blind, randomized study of 150 patients. Medication was begun immediately prior to the endodontic therapy and continued for a total of eight doses. The results were analyzed in terms of the patients' assessments of postendodontic pain, the need for additional analgesic medication, and the patients' and investigator's evaluations of drug efficacy. The results indicate that mefenamic acid was well tolerated. Mefenamic acid was equal to, or exceeded, aspirin in ability to control postendodontic pain in every comparison made. The converse was never true. Mefenamic acid was statistically superior to placebo in every comparison made. Aspirin was not consistently superior to the placebo. Under the conditions of this trial, it can be stated that, for control of pain following simple endodontic therapy, mefenamic acid rather than aspirin is the drug of choice.
Seventy-six participants were enrolled in a clinical trial to determine therapeutic effectiveness of 3 percent vidarabine applied topically to recurrent perioral herpetic lesions. Following a 6- to- 12-month natural history phase, a 12-month clinical trial was conducted. Seventy participants developed 463 lesions during 361 episodes. Three percent vidarabine in a water-miscible gel was applied six times daily for 7 days to each lesion in the experimental group. Identically packaged placebo was used by the control group. Group assignment was by computer-generated randomization. Lesion size was reduced when vidarabine, rather than placebo, was applied. The difference was statistically significant (Student's t test, P = 0.02). Vesiculation followed tingling more rapidly when vidarabine, rather than placebo, was applied prior to vesiculation (P = 0.05). No significant difference between the two groups was found in episode frequency or lesion duration. Adverse reactions to vidarabine were not experienced.
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Microtubule-like structures have been observed ultrastructurally in BHK-21/4 cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) but not in cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). BHK-21/4 cells were infected with two known strains of HSV-2 and one known strain of HSV-1, as well as with vesicular fluid from 50 clinical isolates (47 perioral, two penile, and one from the leg) in an examination of the accuracy of electron microscopy for differentiation between clinical isolates of HSV-1 and HSV-2. Cells infected with the known strains of HSV-2 or with material from the genital or leg lesions demonstrated microtubule-like structures. Cells infected by a known strain of HSV-1 or by material from perioral lesions did not show evidence of microtubule-like structures. Typing by indirect hemagglutination of these same 50 clinical isolates gave identical results.
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One thousand thirty-one dental and dental hygiene students, faculty and staff at The University of Michigan School of Dentistry were interviewed in order to identify those with a past history of perioral mucocutaneous herpetic infection. Subsequently, the population was followed for 9 (+/- 3) months in order to determine various parameters of disease expression. Analysis of the results indicate the following: 1. In this professional population, 20.5 per cent described prior experience with perioral herpes. No sex difference was noted. 2. Prevalence increased with age. In the faculty-staff group (mean age 32.9 years +/ 11.8) prevalence was 30.7 per cent, whereas in the student -roup (mean age, io.6 years+/- 3.8) prevalence was 17.7 per cent. Occupational and/or socioeconomic factors did not appear to account for the age-related difference in prevalence. 3. Only 40 per cent of those who related prior disease experience developed lesions within the observation period of 9 (+/-3) months. 4. The recurrence rate, based upon an observation period of 9 (+/-3) months, in those persons who related prior disease experience was found to be 1.3 episodes per year (0.1 per month). 5. Duration of lesions ranged between 3 and 17 days, with a mean of 9 days. 6. The lower lip was the most common site of a lesion. 7. Triggering factors associated with development of a lesion in order of decreasing frequency were found to be; emotional stress, exposure to sun, and illness.
The Ten-State Nutrition Survey data show a consistent, dramatic, and meaningful difference in dental caries experience between black and white children at all ages. This difference transcends socioeconomic grouping, nutritional level, and developmental status. This study also has shown an apparently protective effect of poverty insofar as dental caries is concerned. Children from lower-income families experienced less dental caries than children from higher-income families.
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