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Biomedical subjects

N H Gordon

Publications and source records attributed to N H Gordon.

52 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Adjuvant endocrine therapy, cytotoxic chemotherapy and immunotherapy in stage II breast cancer: 6-year result.

Six-year results of a prospective, randomized clinical trial of three treatment regimens [(1) cytoxan, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (CMF); (2) CMF plus the antiestrogen drug, tamoxifen (CMFT); (3) CMFT plus Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccinations] in 312 women with stage II breast cancer are reported. Addition of tamoxifen to CMF therapy significantly decreased the number of recurrences at 6 years in ER + patients with greater than or equal to 4 positive axillary lymph nodes, and in those with tumor diameter in excess of 3 cm. The beneficial effect of tamoxifen appeared to be independent of the menopausal status. Addition of tamoxifen to CMF had no effect on disease-free survival in ER + patients with 1-3 positive axillary lymph nodes or in patients with ER--tumors. Addition of BCG vaccinations had no discernible effect on disease-free survival. ER measurements in the primary tumor provide important prognostic information regardless of treatment, with ER + patients having increased overall survival after 6 years. Further follow-up is needed to determine whether tamoxifen is delaying recurrence or preventing it in a subset of these patients.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1984

Hormone receptors. An update and application.

The introduction of measurements of hormone receptors in breast cancer tumor specimens provides a major advance in selection of patients likely to have hormone-dependent cancers. Endocrine adjuvant treatment for estrogen-positive breast cancers in both pre- and postmenopausal women has been shown to be effective in delaying recurrence. Whenever possible, estrogen and progesterone receptors should be measured in tumor tissue from all patients with breast cancer.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1984

Growth enhancement of N-nitrosomethylurea-induced rat mammary tumor cells in soft agar by estrogen or prolactin.

Cells obtained from N-nitrosomethylurea-induced rat mammary tumors were grown in vitro using the soft-agar clonogenic assay technique. Their growth was studied in regular media containing serum as well as in media lacking serum, but to which insulin was added. Deletion of serum from the media resulted in a mean decrease of 49% in the number of colonies formed in vitro in 13 of 18 tumors and was without effect in the remaining 5 tumors. The addition of either 17 beta-estradiol (10(-8) M) or ovine prolactin (OPRL, 100 ng/ml) to the defined media resulted in an increase in the number of colonies formed in 12 of 18 tumors. The mean numbers of colonies per Petri dish in 17 beta-estradiol- and OPRL-treated Petri dishes were 95 +/- 5.4 (S.E.) and 92 +/- 6.2% of the values seen in serum-containing media. Simultaneous addition of both hormones to the defined media resulted in a significant increase in the number of colonies formed which was greater than that seen when either hormone was added separately. Of four tumors where neither hormone influenced colony formation, the addition of both 17 beta-estradiol and OPRL resulted in an increase in the number of colonies formed in three tumors. We conclude that the N-nitrosomethylurea-induced mammary tumors can be grown in soft agar using defined media and that their growth can be enhanced by either 17 beta-estradiol or OPRL. These hormones have a synergistic effect on the growth of some of these tumors in vitro. These data are consistent with the known in vivo effects of these hormones on the N-nitrosomethylurea-induced rat mammary tumors.

Agar↗
PubMed1984

Influence of estradiol and tamoxifen on the growth of N-nitrosomethylurea-induced rat mammary tumor cells in soft agar.

N-Nitrosomethylurea-induced rat mammary tumors were grown in vitro using the clonogenic soft agar technique. Cells from all tumors (n = 46) formed colonies in vitro. Tamoxifen (10(-7), 10(-6) M) inhibited colony formation to 72 and 53% of control values, respectively. The inhibitory effect of tamoxifen could be reversed with the addition of estradiol (10(-10) to 10(-8) M) to the medium. Estradiol (10(-10) to 10(-8) M), on the other hand, added alone to serum-containing medium did not influence the number of colonies formed in vitro. We conclude that the soft agar clonogenic assay is a feasible technique to study the influence of hormones and antihormones in vitro. The effects of tamoxifen and estradiol noted in vitro were similar to the known in vivo effects of these agents.

Agar↗
PubMed1984

Antiestrogen-cytotoxic chemotherapy and bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination in stage II breast cancer: seventy-two-month follow-up.

A prospective, randomized clinical trial of adjuvant treatment of 312 stage II breast cancer patients with use of chemotherapy, antiestrogen therapy, and immunotherapy is reported after 72 months of follow-up. The stratification of patients was based on nodal involvement and estrogen receptor (ER) assay of the primary tumors. Findings at 72 months indicate that antiestrogen therapy (tamoxifen, Nolvadex) added to chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan), methotrexate, and fluorouracil (5-Fluorouracil) (CMF) resulted in significant delayed recurrence in ER-positive postmenopausal patients, ER-positive patients with four or more positive nodes, and ER-positive patients with tumors greater than 3 cm in diameter. The addition of nonspecific immunotherapy with bacillus Calmette-Guerin had no effect on disease-free survival. ER and progesterone receptor measurements in patients with primary breast cancer provide valuable prognostic information on subsequent recurrence and overall survival and should be documented in future clinical trials.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1983

Adjuvant endocrine therapy, cytotoxic chemotherapy, and immunotherapy in stage-II breast cancer: five-year results.

Five-year results of a prospective, randomized clinical trial of three treatment regimes--(a) cytoxan, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil (CMF); (b) CMF plus the antiestrogen drug, tamoxifen (CMFT); and (c) CMFT plus bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccinations--in 312 women with stage-II breast cancer are reported. Estrogen receptors (ER) were measured in all of the primary tumors. Addition of tamoxifen to CMF therapy significantly decreased the number of recurrences at five years in ER positive patients with four or more positive axillary lymph nodes. Addition of tamoxifen to CMF had no effect on disease-free survival in ER-positive patients with 1-3 positive axillary lymph nodes or in patients with ER-negative tumors. Addition of BCG vaccinations had no discernible effect on disease-free survival. ER measurements in the primary tumor provide important prognostic information regardless of treatment, with ER-positive patients having lower recurrence rates and mortality after five years. ER measurements also have predictive value for response to endocrine therapy. Further follow-up is needed to determine whether tamoxifen is delaying recurrence or preventing it in a subset of these patients.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1980

Childhood depression, family income, and locus of control.

Family income and the response style of internal-external locus of control were studied for their relationship to childhood depression. The subjects were 944 prepubertal school children representing three levels of socioeconomic status. Depression was measured by three methods: peer nominations, self-rating, and teacher ratings. Externality was associated with high depression and internality with low depression. The joint effects of low family income and externality produced the highest depression scores. Income and externality were inversely related.

Child↗
PubMed1978

Comparative assessment of fenoprofen and paracetamol given in combination for pain after surgery.

In a double-blind study of patients suffering from pain after surgery, fenoprofen 200 mg and paracetamol 500 mg was compared with each drug given separately and with a placebo. There was a significant difference between the combination and the placebo, whereas, separately, the drugs were only marginally better than the placebo in relieving pain. There was a significant linear trend indicating a better clinical result as the number of active components in the regimen was increased.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1977

Forced expiratory flow-volume relationships. Changes after upper abdominal surgery.

Forced expiratory flow-volume relationships have been used to investigate changes in lung mechanics caused by upper abdominal operations. The slope of the 'effort independent' portion of the flow-volume curve increases after operation, suggesting that restriction of respiratory movement is associated with an increase in lung recoil.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1973

Modification of plasma corticosteroid concentrations during and after surgery by epidural blockade.

The adrenocortical response to major surgery was assessed by the measurement of plasma corticosteroid concentrations in patients receiving either a general anaesthetic alone or in combination with an epidural block. The expected increase in plasma corticosteroid concentration seen in the general anaesthesia group was significantly inhibited by epidural block. The inhibition was related to the duration of the epidural block. The lack of the normal adrenocortical response to surgery was not associated with cardiovascular collapse and indeed did not seem detrimental in any way. These findings question the need for corticosteroid "cover" for the stress of surgery in patients who have been taking corticosteroid drugs.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The long-term fate of fresh and frozen orthotopic bone allografts in genetically defined rats.

Fresh and frozen orthotopic iliac crest bone grafts in rats were studied histologically for determination of the long-term effects of histocompatibility matching and the freezing process on orthotopic bone graft incorporation. Grafts exchanged between groups of inbred rats, syngeneic or differing with respect to major or minor histocompatibility loci, were studied histologically at 20, 30, 40, 50, and 150 days after bone transplantation. A numerical histologic scoring system was developed and used by three observers for evaluation of coded hematoxylin and eosin sections. All frozen graft groups had the same fate regardless of histocompatibility relations between donors and recipients, and all grafts were inferior to fresh syngeneic grafts. Both fresh allograft groups received similar scores and initially at 20 and 30 days had scores similar to those of the fresh syngeneic groups. In the later intervals, however, the fresh allografts were inferior to the fresh syngeneic grafts and similar to the frozen groups. This is consistent with an older model describing two distinct phases of osteogenesis. In the long term, frozen syngeneic and fresh and frozen allografts across major and minor histocompatibility barriers were comparable, but all were significantly inferior to fresh syngeneic bone grafts.

Animals↗