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Biomedical subjects

N Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to N Gupta.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Dentists, diabetes and periodontitis.

This review updates the relationship between diabetes mellitus and periodontitis. A checklist has been included to assist the general dental practitioner identify individuals with undiagnosed diabetes. The literature indicates a similar incidence of periodontitis exists between well-controlled diabetics and non-diabetics. However, a greater incidence and severity of periodontitis is observed in both Type 1 and 2 long-term diabetics with poor metabolic control. There is an undeniable link between diabetes mellitus and periodontitis with complex interactions occurring between these diseases. A critical review of the literature fails to support the notion that periodontal therapy has a beneficial effect on the long-term control of diabetes. We have explored the associations between periodontitis and diabetes in the hope of providing the general dental practitioner with the knowledge to support the diabetic patient with the best possible dental care and advice.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Rett's syndrome - a neurodevelopmental disorder: report of two cases.

Rett's syndrome (RS), a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder, is being increasingly recognized all over the world, but there is paucity of reports from India. Due to its manifestations at any stage of development, it is important to arrive at a correct diagnosis. Two cases are presented, highlighting the need to recognize this relatively uncommon disorder and to differentiate it from various other neurodegenerative disorders.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2001

Effect of omalizumab on symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomized controlled trial.

CONTEXT: Seasonal allergic rhinitis is a common IgE-mediated disorder that produces troublesome symptoms. A recombinant humanized monoclonal anti-IgE antibody (omalizumab) forms complexes with free IgE, blocking its interaction with mast cells and basophils and lowering free IgE levels in the circulation. OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of omalizumab for prophylaxis of symptoms in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, dose-ranging, placebo-controlled trial conducted from July 25 through November 21, 1997. SETTING: Twenty-five outpatient centers throughout the United States. PATIENTS: Five hundred thirty-six patients aged 12 to 75 years with at least a 2-year history of moderate to severe ragweed-induced seasonal allergic rhinitis and a baseline IgE level between 30 and 700 IU/mL. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomly assigned to receive omalizumab, 50 mg (n = 137), 150 mg (n = 134), or 300 mg (n = 129), or placebo (n = 136) subcutaneously just prior to ragweed season and repeated during the pollen season every 3 weeks in patients with baseline IgE levels of 151 to 700 IU/mL (4 total treatments) and every 4 weeks in patients with baseline IgE levels of 30 to 150 IU/mL (3 total treatments). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-assessed daily nasal symptom severity scores (range, 0-3), rescue antihistamine use, and rhinitis-specific quality of life during the 12 weeks from the start of treatment. RESULTS: Nasal symptom severity scores were significantly lower in patients who received 300 mg of omalizumab than in those who received placebo (least squares means, 0.75 vs 0.98, respectively; P =.002). A significant association was observed between IgE reduction and nasal symptoms and rescue antihistamine use. Rhinitis-specific quality of life scores were consistently better in patients who received 300 mg of omalizumab than in those who received lower dosages or placebo and did not decline during peak season. The frequency of adverse events was not significantly different among the omalizumab and placebo groups. CONCLUSION: Omalizumab decreased serum free IgE levels and provided clinical benefit in a dose-dependent fashion in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Dose-dependent and independent temporal patterns of gene responses to ionizing radiation in normal and tumor cells and tumor xenografts.

U87 cells derived from human malignant gliomas and growtharrested human embryonic lung (HEL) fibroblasts were examined with respect to their response to ionizing radiation by profiling their RNAs. In the first series of experiments, cells grown in vitro were harvested and the RNAs were extracted 5 h after exposure to 1, 3, or 10 Gy. In the second series of experiments the U87 tumors were implanted in nude mice and subjected to the same doses of irradiation. The xenografts were harvested at 1, 5, or 24 h after irradiation and subjected to the same analyses. We observed and report on (i) cell-type common and cell-type specific responses, (ii) genes induced at low levels of irradiation but not at higher doses, (iii) temporal patterns of gene response in U87 xenografts that varied depending on radiation dose and temporal patterns of response that were similar at all doses tested, (iv) significantly higher up-regulation of cells in xenografts than in in vitro cultures, and (v) genes highly up-regulated by radiation. The responding genes could be grouped into nine functional clusters. The representation of the nine clusters was to some extent dependent on dose and time after irradiation. The results suggest that clinical outcome of ionizing radiation treatment may benefit significantly by taking into account both cell-type and radiation-dose specificity of cellular responses.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Intravenous gammglobulin-associated acute renal failure.

Intravenous gammaglobulins are used for the treatment of various auto-immune hematological disorders. Renal failure is a relatively rare, but an increasingly recognized side effect of gammaglobulin therapy. Although the renal failure is usually reversible, renal replacement therapy is required occasionally. A high index of suspicion, early recognition and appropriate intervention can prevent this complication. We herewith describe two patients with an immune hematological disorder, who developed acute renal failure after treatment with intravenous gammaglobulins. A brief review of the possible risk factors, pathophysiology and management of this complication is provided.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed2001

An audit of the use of antirheumatic drugs in a north Indian referral hospital.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted with the aim of auditing the pattern of use of antirheumatic drugs in a tertiary care hospital in Northern India. METHODS: The study was carried out in 1000 patients recruited sequentially from the clinic for a period of 1 year (January to December 1999). Patient data such as age, sex, income, family size, diagnosis, duration of illness, drugs prescribed/duration, adverse drug reaction were noted and used to calculate core drug use indicators and pattern of drug use. RESULTS: The pattern of drug use was in accordance with the standard practices followed internationally. In rheumatoid arthritis the most common prescriptions were for non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) alone, followed by the combination of NSAIDs, disease modifying agents (DMARDs) and steroids. Of the NSAIDs diclofenac was the most frequently prescribed drug, while chloroquine was the most commonly used DMARD. The most commonly seen adverse drug reactions were gastritis, Cushings syndrome and decreased visual acuity. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that in this clinic, the pattern of use of antirheumatic drugs follows standard guidelines.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Evaluation of diagnostic efficiency of computerized image analysis based quantitative nuclear parameters in papillary and follicular thyroid tumors using paraffin-embedded tissue sections.

Computerized image analysis (IA) system has emerged in recent years as a very powerful tool for objective and reproducible quantification of histological features. It has shown considerable potential for diagnostic application in diverse histological situations. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the discriminatory diagnostic efficiency of computerized image analysis based quantitative subvisual nuclear parameters in papillary and follicular neoplasms of thyroid. A total of 60 cases were studied. Forty-four cases belonged to training set and 16 cases belonged to a test set. A minimum of 100 nuclei was analyzed in each case using uniform 5 m mm thick hematoxylin stained sections. The IA workstation comprised of an Olympus microscope, a 10 bit digital video camera, an image grabber card and a pentium 120 MHz computer. Optimas 5.2 software was utilized for data collection on 8 morphometric and 8 densitometric parameters. Multivariate stepwise discriminant statistical analysis of data was done with the help of BMDP statistical software release 7.0. Results from a training set revealed correct classification rates of 98.0%, 84.5% and 61.2% for the histological groups of hyperplastic papillae versus papillae of papillary carcinoma (group I), follicular variant of papillary carcinoma versus the broad category of follicular neoplasms consisting of both follicular adenoma and follicular carcinoma (group II) and follicular adenoma versus follicular carcinoma (group III), respectively. Results of test set revealed correct classification rates of 100%, 80% and 50% for groups I, II and III respectively. It was concluded that computerized nuclear IA parameters have potential usefulness for discriminating benign versus malignant papillary lesions of thyroid, follicular variant of papillary carcinoma versus follicular adenoma and/or follicular carcinoma but are of no value in discriminating between follicular adenoma and follicular carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
PubMed2001

Intracoronary autologous blood to seal a coronary perforation.

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery perforation is a rare but serious complication of percutaneous coronary interventions. CASE REPORT: We report on the treatment of a coronary perforation during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery in a patient suffering from post infarction angina complicated by cardiogenic shock. The perforation was treated successfully with intracoronary administration of the patient's own blood. CONCLUSION: This new technique may be used as adjunctive therapy to prolonged balloon inflation, coronary stenting, coronary microcoil and gelfoam embolization in the treatment of severe and hemodynamically compromising perforations.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
PubMed2001

Seasonality and affective disorders: a report from North India.

Case records of the patients with major affective disorders (ICD-10 criteria), seen over a 5 year period in a busy clinic in North India were examined for Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) as per DSM-III-R criteria. In addition, seasonality of episodes of all affective disorders was also studied. Around 5.67% of the cases (n=44) retrospectively met the DSM-III-R criteria of SAD and predominant pattern was that of summer depression (n=18). There was also a consistent pattern of seasonal mania either in conjunction with seasonal depression (n=18) or in form of seasonal recurrent mania (n=11). None of the cases of depression showed any atypical vegetative features. In cases not meeting criteria for SAD (n=731), there was a trend for peaks for depressive episodes in winter followed by a smaller peak in summer months while manic episodes had peaks towards rainy and winter months. As compared to seasonal patterns of affective disorders in temperate zones, there was a general trend for opposite patterns of seasonality in SAD as well as in non-SAD. The findings are discussed in context of the climatic conditions of North India.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Islet cell autoimmunity in youth onset diabetes mellitus in Northern India.

We characterised a consecutive cohort of 132 youth onset diabetic individuals (age at onset<30 years, mean duration of disease 5.5+/-6.0 years) from North India, by serological determination of the determination of the islet cell autoantibodies, GAD(65) and IA2, and clinically for coexisting autoimmune thyroid disease, malnutrition and pancreatic calcification. Five types of diabetes were delineated: Type 1 (37%), ketosis resistant (32%), Type 2 (13%), fibrocalculous pancreatopathy (11%) and autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (7%). C-peptide response to glucagon was assessed in a representative subset of 50 patients with Type 1, ketosis resistant, and autoimmune polyglandular syndrome. A total of 22.4% of Type 1 and 30% of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome subjects showed both GAD(65) plus IA-2 autoantibody positivity, significantly more than the 4.7% positivity shown by the ketosis resistant type. However, GAD(65) antibody positivity alone was seen in 38% of ketosis resistant subjects which was significantly more than the 14.2 and 10% positivity seen in Type 1 and autoimmune polyglandular groups, respectively. The fibrocalculous pancreatopathy group showed GAD(65) plus IA-2 autoantibody positivity in 14.2% and GAD(65) autoantibody alone positivity in 7.1%. 26 and 60%, respectively, of the Type 1 and autoimmune polyglandular syndrome groups had thyroid microsomal autoantibody positivity. Type 1 showed significantly less C-peptide response to glucagon when compared to the ketosis resistant and autoimmune polyglandular syndrome groups. The controls and Type 2 diabetic individuals tested negative for islet cell autoimmunity markers. These findings demonstrate a role of islet cell autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of four out of the five clinical types of youth onset diabetes seen in North India.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Treatment with extracts of Momordica charantia and Eugenia jambolana prevents hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in fructose fed rats.

Insulin resistance has been implicated as a major contributor to the development of hyperglycemia in NIIDM patients. Herbal extracts of Momordica charantia (MC) and Eugenia jambolana (EJ) have been shown to reduce hyperglycemia in diabetic animal models and human patients. However, no work has been done so far to assess their effect on insulin resistance. This study was undertaken to study the effects of different doses (100,200 and 400 mg per day) of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of MC and EJ on the metabolic parameters (body weight and serum glucose, insulin and triglycerides levels) of fructose fed rats. Fructose feeding for 15 days increased serum glucose and insulin levels markedly and triglycerides levels marginally vs. control (75.46+/-2.41 vs. 55.59+/-2.89 mg/dl, 6.26+/-1.27 vs. 15.04+/-2.43 mg/dl and 50.93+/-3.30 vs.41.1+/-3.33 mg/dl, respectively). Treatment with 400 mg per day of aqueous extracts of MC and EJ for 15 days substantially prevented hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia induced by a diet high in fructose (63.52+/-2.9 and 66.46+/-2.2 vs. 75.46+/-2.4, respectively).

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2001

Mood changes in adolescents using depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate for contraception: a prospective study.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is thought to cause changes in mood among patients using it for contraception. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in negative and positive affect among adolescent females using DMPA as a contraceptive agent. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS: This prospective study was set in an urban hospital adolescent clinic. Thirty-nine adolescents choosing DMPA as a contraceptive agent and 24 adolescents not using any hormonal contraception were enrolled as subjects and controls, respectively. Two standardized questionnaires, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist-Revised (MAACL-R), were administered at baseline to all participants and readministered at 3, 6, and 12 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in negative affect from baseline to 3, 6, and 12 months were evaluated by the BDI and by "dysphoria" subscale scores of the MAACL-R. Paired t-tests were used to measure these changes in subjects and controls separately. RESULTS: The mean change in BDI scores from baseline to one year for those who completed one year was -4.8 for subjects (P =.02) and +.3 (P =.84) for controls. The mean change in the dysphoria subscale scores was -5.7 (P =.21) for the subjects and -.1 (P =.98) for the controls while the change in the positive affect scores over a period of one year were -2.1 (P =.46) and +.1 (P =.98) for subjects and controls, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents using DMPA do not show depressive symptoms when using DMPA as a contraceptive agent over a period of 12 months as measured by the BDI and show no significant changes in negative or positive affect as measured by the MAACL-R.

Adolescent↗