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Biomedical subjects

N Gulati

Publications and source records attributed to N Gulati.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Potential relationship between dengue fever and neural tube defects in a northern district of India.

A sudden increase in number of births of newborns with neural tube defects (NTD) was observed from June, 1989 to September, 1989 in Medical College and Hospital, Rohtak and various other government and private hospitals of the district of Rohtak. Out of a total 4785 deliveries whose records were collected, there were 87 newborns with NTD with an incidence of 18.18/1000 births which was three times higher than the previous incidence of 6.8/1000 births in the preceding 4 years. There was an epidemic of dengue fever in this area from September, 1988 to December, 1988 affecting almost one member from each family. This coincided with the period of their first trimester. Of these, 18 patients suffered clinically from dengue fever, 21 patients had positive dengue fever history in their family members, 21 patients had positive history in their neighbors. The cluster of NTD appears to be due to dengue virus infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Maternal and perinatal complications in neurofibromatosis during pregnancy.

A total of ten patients with lesions of neurofibromatosis during pregnancy were followed up for pregnancy complications. Seven cases (70%) had hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; four had severe PET (pre-eclamptic toxemia) including one case of eclampsia, one had mild PET and the other two had only mild gestational hypertension. A total of 60% had preterm labor and in none of these did the baby survive; thus perinatal mortality was 600/1000. Mean gestation was 33.0 weeks and mean birthweight was only 1.924 kg. Thus, neurofibromatosis during pregnancy is associated with poor obstetrical outcome and requires greater care.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Oral ketoconazole and miconazole vaginal pessary treatment for vaginal candidosis.

This prospective study was carried out on 250 patients having clinical and mycological evidence of vaginal candidosis. One hundred patients received ketoconazole orally (400 mg/day for 5 days), another 100 patients received miconazole vaginal pessary treatment (one 100 mg tablet locally for 14 days), while the other 50 patients received combination therapy of oral ketoconazole and miconazole vaginal tablets. Although all 3 regimens were significantly effective in relieving patients symptoms and physical signs, the combination therapy gave the best results. There was 98% symptomatic relief with the combination therapy in contrast to 82% and 78% in the oral ketocanozole and vaginal micronazole groups respectively (p less than 0.001). Mycological cure rates were also significantly higher in the combination therapy group (94% versus 80% and 76%). The relapse rate was least in the combination group 2% versus 8% and 12%. The combination therapy is recommended for the best results in vaginal candidosis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Cytotoxicity of eugenol in sealer containing zinc-oxide.

In this study two zinc-oxide-based root canal sealers were compared for their tissue toxic response. The sealers tested were zinc-oxide eugenol and zinc-oxide glycerine. Fifteen albino rats were used for the study and were injected subcutaneously in the preset state. The tissue response was assessed by counting the polymorphonuclear cells at Day 1, Day 7 and Day 15 of the study period. The inflammatory response was graded according to the mean polymorphonuclear counts in the five rats for each period. The results showed that the toxicity was greater for the eugenol-containing sealer and increased during the three time intervals. For the non-eugenol sealer the response was milder and reached a peak by 7 days after which it decreased.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Schmidt's syndrome: a rare cause of puberty menorrhagia.

Schmidt's syndrome, also known as polyglandular deficiency syndrome, is the presence of Addison's disease and hypothyrodism in a single patient. It is usually associated with other autoimmune disorders like vitiligo, diabetes mellitus, myasthenia gravis. A rare case of an 18-year-old girl having Schmidt's syndrome and vitiligo who presented with puberty menorrhagia is reported. A brief review of the literature is also given.

Addison Disease↗
PubMed1990

Spontaneous splenic rupture in early pregnancy.

Spontaneous rupture of a normal spleen is a rare entity. We report a case of spontaneous rupture during early pregnancy. Ruptured ectopic pregnancy was suspected preoperatively, but on exploration a splenic rupture was detected and splenectomy performed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Haemodynamic effects of acute and chronic renin inhibition in marmosets.

We have developed marmoset models for the in vivo evaluation of primate-specific inhibitors of human renin. After acute intravenous administration to normotensive sodium-depleted marmosets, renin inhibitors of different structural types induced a maximum hypotensive response of a magnitude similar to that induced after angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. The response was prevented by pretreatment with an ACE inhibitor. A close relationship between the inhibition of plasma renin activity (PRA) and the fall in blood pressure was observed with most of the inhibitors. CGP 29,287, a synthetic renin inhibitor, and R-3-36-16, a monoclonal antibody, both induced a selective increase in renal blood flow similar to that induced by an ACE inhibitor. A sustained reduction in blood pressure was observed during continuous administration of CGP 29,287 or R-3-36-16 over 14 days, despite an increase in immunoreactive renin and an apparent recovery of PRA. A similar blood pressure fall and an increase in plasma renin was observed during continuous administration of an ACE inhibitor. The renin inhibitor CGP 29,287 also lowered blood pressure after acute administration to hypertensive marmosets with normal PRA. Our studies demonstrate that renin inhibitors have similar haemodynamic effects to ACE inhibitors, and indicate that they may have a similar antihypertensive efficacy.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effects of neurokinins on the isolated pig coronary artery.

The actions of substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), neurokinin B (NKB), physalaemin (PHY), kassinin (KAS) and eledoisin (ELE) were investigated on transversally cut strips of pig coronary artery. All tachykinins produced vasodilatation of coronary arteries precontracted with ACh; 10(-5) M. The order of potency was: SP = PHY ELE greater than KAS greater than NKA greater than NKB, with the ED50 values being 0.38, 0.38, 1.2, 2.6, 8.3 and 34.0 nM, respectively. Continued superfusion of SP (7.4 X 10(-9) M) desensitized the coronary arteries which were refractory to the vasodilator action of NKA, NKB, PHY and KAS. The arteries nevertheless dilated upon the addition of noradrenaline (NA) and bradykinin (BK). Endothelium-removed preparations did not respond to any of the tachykinins. However, tissues devoid of endothelium relaxed in response to both NA and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). Three octapeptide antagonists, [D-Pro4,Ala6,D-Trp7,9,Nle11]SP-(4-11) (compound I), [D-Pro4,Ser6,D-Trp7,9,Nle11]SP-(4-11) (compound II) and [D-Pro4,D-Trp7,9,10,Phe11]SP-(4-11) (compound III) were examined as potential antagonists of tachykinin-induced vasodilatation. Compounds I and II blocked the actions of SP and NKA but not that of PHY. Compound III effectively blocked the actions of SP and PHY. We conclude that the pig coronary artery possesses a 'NK-P/SP-P' type receptor, and that this receptor is probably localized on the endothelium.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Two-kidney, one clip renal hypertension in the marmoset.

The purpose of this study was to assess whether two-kidney, one clip (2K1C) renal hypertension can be induced in the marmoset. During the first 3-5 weeks after renal arterial clipping, blood pressure (BP) and plasma renin activity (PRA) increased in approximately one-third of the operated marmosets. However, within 10 weeks after clipping, BP and PRA had returned to control values. There was a significant positive correlation between BP and log PRA 3 and 5 weeks after the operation, but no correlation was observed at 10 weeks. In a selected group of marmosets with the highest values of BP (greater than 140 mmHg; n = 4), the converting enzyme inhibitor, enalapril (2 mg/kg s.c.) lowered BP by 58 +/- 7 (s.e.m.) mmHg when given 3 weeks after clipping. At 18 weeks the response to enalapril was only -17 +/- 6 mmHg. These results demonstrate that unilateral renal arterial clipping in marmosets results in a transient renin-dependent hypertension. Marmosets in this initial hypertensive phase could be useful for investigating the antihypertensive effects of inhibitors of human renin.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1986

Monoclonal antibodies against human renin. Blood pressure effects in the marmoset.

The in vivo effects of two anti-human renin monoclonal antibodies with a high binding affinity for primate renin were studied in conscious, volume-depleted marmosets. These antibodies, R-3-17-7 and R-3-36-16, both have high binding activity for renin, but only R-3-36-16 inhibits the enzymatic activity of renin in vitro. In vivo, R-3-17-7 did not affect blood pressure after intravenous injection of doses up to 100 micrograms/kg, although plasma renin activity was partially reduced. In contrast, R-3-36-16 induced a reduction in blood pressure and an inhibition of plasma renin activity at a threshold dose of 3 micrograms/kg. The maximum fall in blood pressure and complete inhibition of plasma renin activity were observed after R-3-36-16, 10 micrograms/kg; these effects persisted for up to 2 hours. Pretreatment with a converting enzyme inhibitor or nephrectomy prevented the hypotensive effects of R-3-36-16. Conversely, pretreatment with R-3-36-16 prevented the hypotensive effects of a converting enzyme inhibitor. These findings indicate that the hypotensive response induced by R-3-36-16 is due entirely to blockade of the renin-angiotensin system. Thus, R-3-36-16 appears to be a specific, potent, and long-acting inhibitor of primate renin. Such monoclonal antibodies provide interesting tools for studying the effects of acute and chronic renin blockade.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗