Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

N Graudal

Publications and source records attributed to N Graudal.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

An HLA study in 74 Danish haemochromatosis patients and in 21 of their families.

HLA-A and -B alleles in 74 Danish patients and 21 homozygous relatives with idiopathic haemochromatosis (IH) were compared with those in a sample of 1719 chromosomes from healthy Danish control subjects. The following alleles occurred with higher frequencies in IH compared to controls: A3: 53.6% vs. 15.1% (Pc less than 0.001); B7: 33.1% vs. 15.6% (Pc less than 0.001); B14: 6.9% vs. 3.0% (Pc greater than 0.05); B38: 5% vs. 0.9% (Pc greater than 0.05); B47: 4.0% vs. 0.4% (Pc greater than 0.05). Pedigree analyses disclosed 19 different haplotypes in IH subjects, compared to 286 haplotypes in controls. The following haplotypes occurred with higher frequency in IH compared to controls: A3,B5: 10.3% vs. 0.3% (Pc less than 0.001); A3,B7: 25.6% vs. 6.6% (Pc = 0.001); A3,B14: 3.4% vs. 0.6% (Pc greater than 0.05); A3,B47: 6.9% vs. 0.2% (Pc greater than 0.05). The major IH marker HLA-A3 was found in 56% of the haplotypes. The patterns of HLA-alleles associated with IH in Denmark show similarities to those in Central Europe, Australia, USA and Canada, being A3,B7 dominated and those in Central Sweden, England and Ireland, being A3,B14 dominated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The effect of the calcium antagonist, isradipine, on working capacity, pulmonary function, morbidity and survival rate in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Beneficial effects of calcium antagonists on the pulmonary haemodynamics of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been observed in several studies. Such effects include a decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance, an increase in cardiac output, and an increase in oxygen delivery. The clinical implications of these effects are uncertain. The randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, long-term study described here is the first to investigate the clinical effects of a calcium antagonist on patients with COPD. The aim was to test the hypothesis that the calcium antagonist, isradipine, could increase working capacity and lung function, and decrease morbidity and mortality. Fifty-two patients with COPD were investigated. During a 22-month observation period no statistically significant differences between the isradipine group and the placebo group were found with regard to these parameters. It is concluded that the existing evidence does not justify the introduction of calcium antagonists as part of the routine treatment of COPD.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Characteristics of cirrhosis undiagnosed during life: a comparative analysis of 73 undiagnosed cases and 149 diagnosed cases of cirrhosis, detected in 4929 consecutive autopsies.

In 4929 consecutive autopsies performed during a period of 4 years, 222 cases (4.5%) of cirrhosis were found, of which 149 (3%) were detected while the patients were alive (diagnosed cirrhosis) and 73 (1.5%) were not detected while the patients were living (undiagnosed cirrhosis). Fifty-three of the 73 undiagnosed patients appeared to be completely without signs of cirrhosis (silent cirrhosis). In the diagnosed group, 70% of patients died from hepatic causes, in contrast to 16% in the undiagnosed group. At autopsy, the following complications of cirrhosis were found more frequently in the diagnosed group than in the undiagnosed group: ascites (41% vs. 8%), oesophageal varices (44% vs. 10%), splenomegaly (52% vs. 29%). The prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma did not differ significantly in the two groups (12% vs. 8%). It is concluded that cirrhosis without obvious signs occurs relatively frequently, and that no sensitive non-invasive screening methods are available at present.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Erythropoietin in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Relationship between serum erythropoietin, blood hemoglobin and lung function--effect of the calcium antagonist isradipine on serum erythropoietin.

The relations between serum-erythropoietin (se-EPO), blood hemoglobin and lung function were investigated in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design, the hypothesis was tested that se-EPO might increase after treatment with a calcium antagonist. In 18 patients with COPD, median se-EPO (19.2 mU ml-1) was in the low normal range. The correlations between se-EPO and blood hemoglobin (p = -0.63, p = 0.024) and between se-EPO and lung function indices were negative (n.s.) and the correlation between blood hemoglobin and lung function indices (n.s.) were positive. The hypothesis is proposed that the normal hemoglobin found in most patients with COPD is a result of a balance between a trend towards a decreased red cell mass, as found in chronic diseases, and a trend towards an increased red cell mass due to the erythropoietic effect of EPO. Se-EPO was not changed by the calcium antagonist, isradipine.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Family studies of hereditary hemochromatosis in Denmark and the Faroe Islands.

Pedigree studies were performed based on one Faroese and four Danish probands with overt idiopathic hemochromatosis (IH). The study consisted of HLA typing and determination of biochemical iron status indicators (serum transferrin saturation, serum ferritin). In total, 130 persons were evaluated. The screening identified 6 homozygous (h/h) subjects with preclinical IH, 46 heterozygous (h/n), and 8 normal (n/n) subjects, while 39 subjects were classified as normal or heterozygous (n/h?). One family demonstrated both a homozygous x heterozygous as well as a heterozygous x heterozygous mating. Recombination between the HLA region and IH locus occurred possibly in three subjects in three different families. The significance of detailed screening in families with probands with IH is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Serum ferritin and iron status in a population of 'healthy' 85-year-old individuals.

Iron status, including S-ferritin, S-iron, S-total iron binding capacity (TIBC), TIBC saturation, haemoglobin (Hb) and dietary iron intake, was assessed in a population study comprising 92 healthy 85-year-old subjects (32 males, 60 females). S-iron, S-TIBC, TIBC saturation and S-ferritin values were not significantly different in the two sexes. Males had a geometric mean S-ferritin of 130 micrograms/l, females of 98 micrograms/l. Ferritin levels less than 15 micrograms/l (i.e. depleted iron stores) were found in one female (1.6%); and in one male (3.1%), who in addition had iron deficiency anaemia. None of the females displayed latent iron deficiency (i.e. S-ferritin less than 15 micrograms/l and S-TIBC saturation less than 15%) or iron deficiency anaemia. Arithmetic mean Hb was 145 +/- 13 (SD) g/l (9.0 +/- 0.8 mmol/l) in males and 139 +/- 11 g/l (8.6 +/- 0.7 mmol/l) in females (p less than 0.02). Median nutritional iron intake was 10 mg/day (range 3-17), higher in males (median 12) than in females (median 9) (p less than 0.0001). Iron intake showed significant correlations to S-iron, S-TIBC and TIBC saturation, but not to S-ferritin.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Fetal systolic time intervals. A non-invasive parameter for assessing the intrauterine condition of the fetus].

Various methods are employed in obstetric prophylaxis and treatment to assess the intrauterine condition of the foetus. The systolic time-intervals appear to be a promising new method because they reflect the contractility of the foetal heart which is a reflection of various physiological factors indluding hypoxia and asphyxia. Monitoring of the foetal systolic time intervals is therefore a more sensitive parameter of cardiac function than the foetal heart rate alone. By measurement of the foetal systolic time-intervals, it is therefore theoretically possible to evaluate the intrauterine situation of the foetus as abbreviated pre-exjection time (PEP) is a normal physiological reaction to scalp compressions, uterine contractions, or umbilical cord complications. Finally, the relationship between PEP and the ejection time (PEP/VET) is raised in asphyxia and greatly raised in imminent foetal death.

Female↗
PubMed1988

Acute phase reactants in the elderly.

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), plasma fibrinogen, serum orosomucoid, serum alpha 1-antitrypsin and serum haptoglobin were measured in 267 apparently healthy elderly subjects (median age 79 years, range 60-93), and compared to the values in 58 healthy younger subjects (median age 27 years, range 18-50). The acute phase reactants displayed no sex differences, but were significantly higher in elderly than in younger persons (mean +/- SD): ESR 13 +/- 10 mm/h vs 4 +/- 3 mm/h (p less than 0.001); fibrinogen 4.35 +/- 0.95 g/l vs 3.33 +/- 0.54 g/l (p less than 0.001); orosomucoid 0.68 +/- 0.20 g/l vs 0.60 +/- 0.16 g/l (p less than 0.01); alpha 1-antitrypsin 2.16 +/- 0.38 g/l vs 1.84 +/- 0.43 g/l (p less than 0.001); haptoglobin 1.30 +/- 0.50 g/l vs 1.00 +/- 0.30 g/l (p less than 0.001). Correlations existed between the acute phase reactants, being highest between ESR and fibrinogen (r = 0.53, p less than 0.001).

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1988

Alcoholic hepatitis in females.

In the period 1970-1984 alcoholic hepatitis was diagnosed by liver biopsy in 52 females. Thirty-six patients with cirrhosis were generally in a worse clinical and biochemical state than those without cirrhosis. Biochemical tests for liver function showed significant improvement from admission to the time of liver biopsy. At follow-up liver function tests were generally better in patients who had stopped drinking alcohol compared to those who continued to do so. The 5-year survival rate was 82% for females without cirrhosis, and 45% for those with cirrhosis (p less than 0.03). Considering the sex-related differences in alcohol abuse in the general population we found no evidence of increased susceptibility to the hepatotoxic effect of alcohol in females.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

HLA determinants in 70 Danish patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis.

HLA-A, -B, -C and -DR antigens were determined in 70 unrelated Danish patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis. The frequencies of HLA-A and -B antigens compared to 1967 normal control subjects and the relative risk values (RR) were: A3, 80.0% vs. 26.9% (P less than 0.0001), RR = 10.9; B7, 60.0% vs. 26.8% (P less than 0.0001), RR = 4.1; B14, 10.0% vs. 4.5% (P = 0.03), RR = 2.4; B47, 4.3% vs. 0.5% (P less than 0.0001), RR = 9.7; A3, B7, 51.4% vs. 12.2% (P less than 0.0001), RR = 7.6; A3, B14, 10.0% vs. 1.4% (P less than 0.0001), RR = 7.7; A3, B47, 4.3% vs. 0.5% (P less than 0.0001), RR = 9.7. Six patients (8.6%) possessed none of these four typical antigens. There was no association between disease and the frequencies of HLA-C and HLA-DR antigens. The pattern of HLA-antigens associated with haemochromatosis in Denmark shows similarities to those reported both in Germany, being HLA-A3, B7 dominated, and in Brittany, Great Britain and Central Sweden, being HLA-A3, B14 dominated.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The influence of hepatic insufficiency due to alcoholic cirrhosis on the erythrocyte transketolase activity (ETKA).

The erythrocyte transketolase activity (ETKA), the stimulated erythrocyte transketolase activity (ETKAS), and the thiaminepyrophosphate effect (TPPE) were measured in 21 alcoholic patients with cirrhosis and hepatic insufficiency, 13 alcoholic patients without cirrhosis and 21 non-alcoholic persons before and after oral treatment with 100 mg of thiamine daily for 2 weeks in order to investigate the influence of hepatic insufficiency on these variables. A statistically significant rise in ETKA and fall in TPPE were found in all three groups. ETKA, ETKAS and TPPE did not differ from each other in alcoholic patients with and without cirrhosis, but TPPE was significantly higher in these patients than in the non-alcoholic persons. The conclusions are that severe cirrhosis does not affect the erythrocyte transketolase apoenzyme, the ability of the tissues to convert thiamine to thiaminepyrophosphate for use in the erythrocytes or the absorption of thiamine from the gastrointestinal tract. Besides alcoholism seems to dispose to thiamine deficiency to a higher degree than cirrhosis, and the role of the liver as a thiamine store appears to be of minor importance in the development of thiamine deficiency. Finally, ETKA, ETKAS, and TPPE are considered to be usable as thiamine deficiency indicators in patients with cirrhosis as well as in patients without cirrhosis.

Adult↗