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Biomedical subjects

N Graben

Publications and source records attributed to N Graben.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Decreased number of alpha-adrenergic receptors in platelets of patients on maintenance haemodialysis.

In patients on maintenance haemodialysis the number of platelet alpha 2-adrenergic receptors, as assessed by 3H-yohimbine binding, was significantly lower than that in healthy volunteers. Responses to alpha 1-adrenergic receptor stimulation, determined by increases in systolic blood pressure produced by intravenous injections of phenylephrine, were also diminished in chronic haemodialysis patients. Thus, reduced sympathetic activity often observed during chronic haemodialysis treatment may be due to reduced number and/or sensitivity of alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenergic receptors.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Age-dependent decrease of alpha 2-adrenergic receptor number in human platelets.

In 36 healthy subjects of various ages (14-76 years) the number of alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in platelets - as determined by [3H]yohimbine binding - and plasma catecholamine levels were measured. A highly significant negative correlation (r = -0.666, P less than 0.001) between the number of alpha 2-adrenergic receptors and age was found; on the contrary, plasma catecholamine concentrations increased with increasing age. Thus, reduced responses in the elderly to adrenergic stimuli may be due to reduced number of adrenergic receptors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Effects of prolactin suppression on hypogonadism im patients on maintenance haemodialysis.

UNLABELLED: The effects of prolactin (Prl) suppression by bromocriptine (BC) on impaired sexual function were studied in 47 male patients on maintenance haemodialysis (HD). All patients had normal serum zinc levels. Before treatment, 14 of 47 patients had moderate hyperprolactinaemia (not due to medication), 24/39 patients had elevated LH levels, 13/34 patients had elevated FSH levels, 26/44 patients had decreased serum testosterone levels and 18/24 patients were oligo-/azöospermic. Bromocriptine was given in doses of 1.25 to 2.5 and 5.0mg/day and each of these doses was maintained for two weeks. Seventeen patients discontinued treatment within the first few days of BC treatment, because of postural hypotension and/or nausea. Fourteen other patients had to be excluded because of poor compliance. On treatment, as little as 1.25mg of BC/day normalised serum Prl, and 2.5mg of BC/day decreased Prl below the lower limit of normal. Neither gonadotrophins nor serum testosterone levels changed significantly during the six weeks of BC treatment. IN CONCLUSION: 1. neither normalisation of moderate hyperprolactinaemia in patients on HD, nor 2. suppression of serum Prl into the subnormal range affects serum gonadotrophin and testosterone levels. 3. These results do not support the hypothesis that moderate hyperprolactinaemia in our patients on HD is an important factor in the development of hypogonadism.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Regional service for dialysis and kidney-transplantation in children (author's transl)].

Children with renal failure should be treated in specialized pediatric centres. In October 1977 we initiated a pediatric dialysis unit at the university of Essen, as there were no special facilities for this area (Ruhr). In 18 months 24 children with end-stage renal failure and 15 children with acute renal failure or severe poisoning had to be treated. We performed 2300 hemodialyses and 400 peritonealdialyses; 12 children got a transplant. The pediatric dialysis unit of Essen has all facilities for treatment of children with acute and chronic renal failure. The documented results were possible by cooperation with all specialists of our hospital and with the neighbouring pediatric dialysis centres.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1979

[Metabolism of carbromal during detoxication with combined hemoperfusion and hemodialysis (author's transl)].

Combined charcoal hemoperfusion and hemodialysis was performed on three occasions in two patients with severe carbromal intoxication. The concentration of carbromal, its organic metabolites and of bromide was determined in arterial blood before and after passage of the charcoal column and behind the dialyzer cartridge. Results show a rapid metabolic degradation of carbromal including cleavage of bromide. Besides carbromal and its main metabolite 2-brome-2-ethylbutyramide (=carbromide) debromised organic metabolites appear to be responsible for the severity of the intoxication. Bromide plays no role in the pathogenesis of acute intoxication. Carbromal and its organic metabolites are eliminated through a large surface dialyzer almost as effectively as with charcoal hemoperfusion. The effectivity of detoxication is enhanced by the combination of both procedures. Free bromide is not adsorbed at charcoal but is readily dialyzable. Values of carbromal, calculated out of bromide levels, do not correspond to directly measured blood levels. Treatment of carbromal intoxication with combined hemoperfusion-hemodialysis should be performed early in all severe, risky or otherwise complicated cases until the patients awakens.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Disorder of porphyrin metabolism in thallium intoxication (author's transl)].

A 19-year old male ingested in suicidal attempt 750 mg of thallium. He developed the characteristic symptoms of thallium intoxication. During the acute phase the urinary excretion of porphyrins and porphyrin precursors was largely increased. The percentage distribution of the individual metabolites of heme synthesis revealed a preponderance of kopro- and uroporphyrin. This constellation (kopro- greater than uro- greater than tricarboxylic porphyrin) differs appreciably from that one in lead intoxication. The observation of increased urinary excretion of porphyrins and their precursors in a possibly particular spectrum in thallium intoxication is of special interest for differential-diagnostic reasoning. In each case of a toxic disorder of porphyrin metabolism thallium intoxication ought to be considered a possible cause.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1978

[Diethylpentenamide, a substitute for carbromal? (author's transl)].

Bromcarbamide-containing sleeping pills are frequently used in suicide attempts and cause severe, often fatal, intoxication. Since 1975, the chemically related drug diethylpentenamide had been available (in the German Federal Republic) without prescription. The authors report four cases of attempted suicide with the drug. The signs were similar to those after carbromal intoxication. There was severe respiratory depression, successfully treated by extracorporeal detoxication with combined haemoperfusion and haemodialysis. One patient developed acute pancreatitis as a complication.

Acetamides↗
PubMed1977

[Hypercalcaemic crises in patients with chronic renal failure caused by ion-exchange resins, antacidotics and other calcium-containing drugs (author's transl)].

Between 1972 and 1976 15 patients with chronic renal failure of different aetiology and varying severity were observed who developed 23 hypercalcaemic phases during treatment with calcium-containing drugs. 12 instances of hypercalcaemia occurred during conservative treated during conservative treatment (serum creatinine 177-1061 mumol/l, equivalent to 20-120 mg/l) and 11 during chronic haemodialysis (serum creatinine 707-1061 mumol/l, equivalent to 80-120 mg/l). In 15 cases hypercalcaemia was caused by a hexacalciumhexasodium-heptacitratehydrate complex (Acetolyt), in 6 cases by the combined use of this drug with calcium ion-exchange resins on a calciumpolystyrolsulfonate base, and in two cases by the use of calcium tablets and calciumpolystyrolsulfonate, respectively. The daily doses of these drugs were in the usual therapeutic range in most cases. Deterioration of renal function was observed in two cases and coma in a further two cases. In 5 cases gastric ulcers were demonstrated. Three patients died. In no patient was there evidence of florid hyperparathyroidism. Treatment with calcium-containing drugs in patients with renal failure should only be carried out under regular control of calcium concentrations.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

[Haemodialysis of acute renal poisoning (author's transl)].

A 16-year-old laboratory technician ingested 30 g of sodium nitrite (NaNO2) in a suicidal attempt. Within a short time severe cyanosis and distressing dyspnoea developed. The conservative therapeutic approach with redox substances showed little success. However, haemodialysis resulted in rapid improvement of all signs. After three hours of dialysis the patient was symptom-free and could be discharged after two days without damage due to the intoxication. Additional experimental investigations showed NaNO2 to be easily dialysable. There is, however, no binding to active charcoal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Permeability of dialysis membranes for hepatitis-B virus: on the prophylaxis of hepatitis in a haemodialysis centre (author's transl)].

Dialysis fluids of two hepatitis-Bs (HBs) antigen-positive dialysis patients were tested for hepatitis-B virus. Total dialysate volume of 5.5 litres each - as obtained on haemodialysis with the Redy-recirculation system - was concentrated by ultrafiltration and trap and rate-zonal ultracentrifugation, followed by fractionation, and purified. Electron-microscopic evidence of permeability of an intact dialysis membrane for hepatitis-B was obtained. Concentration of hepatitis-B virus was at least 10(3) to 10(4) particles per total volume. Because of the potential infectiousness of the dialysis apparatus by effective heat sterilisation after every dialysis is essential.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Treatment of the experimental chronic digitalisintoxication by hemoperfusion (author's transl)].

In 5 adult dogs experimental chronic digitalis intoxication was produced by oral administration of different digitalis-types (digoxin, beta-methyl-, beta-acetyl-digoxin, digitoxin). 18 to 24 hours after the last application of digitalis, charcoal hemoperfusion was performed in Dipidolor-N2O-anesthesia and serum digitalis-concentrations in the arterial and venous lines of the hemoperfusion system were determined by RIA J125. The Ecg was registered continuously as a simple clinical parameter of cardiac digitalis intoxication. Initial multiple cardiac arrhythmias (AVII degree, SAII degree, tachycardia of the atrium) subsided in the dogs with digoxin, beta-methyl- and beta-acetyl-digoxin during hemocolperfusion within 130 to 160 min. The disturbances of rhythm persisted up to 200 min after onset of hemoperfusion in the dog intoxicated by digitoxin. The clearances of digoxin and derivatives (35.8--43.1 ml/min) are higher than the digitoxin clearance (17--23.2 ml/min) which is supposed to be the reason for cardiac detoxication in the digoxin-intoxicated dogs. Hemoperfusion using polymer coated charcoal appears to be effective for the elimination of digoxin leading to a marked improvement of cardiac arrhythmias. By contrast digitoxin induced cardiac arrhythmias are not influenced during hemoperfusion.

Animals↗