Observations on the geniculate ganglion in adult human dissections.
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
N Goto
Publications and source records attributed to N Goto.
The distribution of amyloid beta precursor protein in canine brain.
The distribution of amyloid beta precursor protein (APP) in canine brain was investigated. By immunoblot analysis, APP-positive bands corresponding to proteins of 105-120 kilodalton were recognized in all canine brains regardless of the individual age of the dogs. Bands of similar molecular mass were also detected in the meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, and several visceral organs. Immunohistochemical studies were performed using cryostat and paraffin-embedded sections pretreated with formic acid or by the hydrated autoclave method. In the normal canine brain, APP was found to be distributed in the neurons and vascular system. In the brains with SP, obvious accumulation of APP was observed in swollen neurites within amyloid plaques, although the relationship between APP and diffuse plaques was unclear. APP accumulation in swollen axons was also seen around necrotic foci in the brain of one dog with necrotizing purulent encephalitis. These studies revealed that distribution of APP in canine tissues, especially in the brain, and the accumulation of APP in swollen neurites or axons.
Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor↗
Ulcerative colitis associated with Weber-Christian panniculitis and musculitis: a case report.
A case of 22-year-old man suffering from ulcerative colitis, in whom Weber-Christian panniculitis and musculitis occurred simultaneously, is reported. He had suffered from ulcerative colitis for 7 years and he again had bloody stools 1 month before being admitted. Two weeks before admission, large (2-4 cm) subcutaneous tumors appeared. Weber-Christian panniculitis, musculitis, and active stage ulcerative colitis were diagnosed. All the symptoms went into remission after steroid therapy. The possibility of the existence of a common antigen in enterobacterial wall, colonic epithelium, and adipose tissue was suggested.
Adult↗
Spontaneous vascular mineralization in the brains of cows.
The frequency of occurrence and the characteristics of vascular mineralization in the brains of cows were studied. Mineralized lesions were found in the pallidal arteries in eight of 13 cows. They appeared as basophilic deposits in the arterial walls, were sheath-like or tubular in shape, and were accompanied by intimal oedema or fibrous thickening. The deposits were positive for periodic acid-Schiff, von Kossa's, alizarin red and Berlin blue stains. Elemental analysis revealed the presence of large amounts of phosphorus, calcium and zinc, as well as small amounts of iron, copper and sodium.
Animals↗
Necrotizing meningoencephalitis in pug dogs in Japan.
This report records necrotizing meningoencephalitis in three pug dogs. It is the first record of the disease in Japan. There were three characteristic histopathological findings, namely (1) a non-suppurative inflammatory cell infiltration of the cerebral hemispheres, including both gray and white matter, (2) meningeal and perivascular infiltrates of mononuclear cells, with a strong tendency to invade the underlying or surrounding brain parenchyma, and (3) selective cerebral cortical necrosis, often occurring without a concurrent inflammatory reaction. The three cases, which were diagnosed as pug dog encephalitis, resembled those previously reported in the United States of America, Switzerland and Italy. All affected animals were females with clinical histories of pregnancy or phantom pregnancy 2 weeks or less before the onset of the clinical signs.
Animals↗
Protein phylogeny gives a robust estimation for early divergences of eukaryotes: phylogenetic place of a mitochondria-lacking protozoan, Giardia lamblia.
A partial nucleotide sequence of the mRNA encoding a major part of elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1 alpha) from a mitochondria-lacking protozoan, Giardia lamblia, was reported, and the phylogenetic relationship among lower eukaryotes was inferred by the maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony methods of protein phylogeny. Both the methods consistently demonstrated that, G. lamblia among the four protozoan species being analyzed, is the earliest offshoot of the eukaryotic tree. Although the Giardia EF1 alpha gene showed an extremely high G+C content as compared with those of other protozoa, it was concentrated only at the third codon positions, resulting in no remarkable differences of amino acid frequencies vis-à-vis those of other species. This clearly suggests (a) that the amino acid frequencies of conservative proteins are free from the drastic bias of genome G+C content, which is a serious problem in the widely used tree of ribosomal RNA, and (b) that protein phylogeny gives a robust estimation for the early divergences in the evolution of eukaryotes.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Relationship between hemolytic activity and adsorption capacity of aluminum hydroxide and calcium phosphate as immunological adjuvants for biologicals.
Aluminum hydroxide (Al) and calcium phosphate (Ca) gels have been used as vaccine adjuvants for many years. We investigated mechanism of the hemolytic activities of both adjuvant materials. The hemolytic activity of each gel depended on the gel dose. The adsorption capacities and the hemolytic activities of both adjuvants decreased as the concentration of phosphate increased in a gel-washing solution. A positive correlation between the hemolytic activity and the adsorption capacity was found in Al-gel. A disruptive effect of Ca-gel on membrane of erythrocytes was shown by electron microscopy. Ca-gel required more than 10 times as much pre-adsorbed ovalbumin as did Al-gel to inhibit the hemolysis. These results suggest that the hemolytic activity of both adjuvant materials depended mainly on the adsorption ability, and it may be useful to control the adsorption ability of adjuvants to reduce their hemolytic activity.
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
Apoptosis induced in mouse hepatitis virus-infected cells by a virus-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte clone.
Morphological changes of mouse hepatitis virus-infected J774.1 cells cocultured with cloned mouse hepatitis virus-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes were examined by electron microscopy. Condensation and margination of chromatin, cellular shrinkage with severe vacuolar degeneration, and blebbing were observed. In addition, fragmentation of cellular DNA was observed, and a decrease in virus titer was accompanied by those changes. These findings show that the cloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes induce in the target cell an internal degradation program termed apoptosis, which results in virus clearance.
Animals↗
Development of the human gigantocellular reticular nucleus: a morphometric study.
The cytoarchitectonic development of the human gigantocellular reticular nucleus (GRN) was studied quantitatively in 15 fetuses (16-39 weeks of gestation: WG) and in 2 adults (16 and 85 years old). With microscopic observation on serial celloidin sections of the brain, we measured them to obtain the following morphometric parameters: numerical density (ND), profile area (PA), and perimeter (PL) of the GRN neurons. GRN appeared as early as early as 16-18 WG, but most neurons were still immature and the cell nucleus was relatively large (nucleocytoplasmic ratio was high), although a few large neurons containing fine Nissl bodies were observed. Typical, coarse Nissl bodies of large multipolar neurons were first recognized at 21 WG. The earliest myelination was noticed at 22-23 WG, but myelinated nerve fibers were not prominent until the late fetal period. ND was largest at 16 WG and decreased rapidly with gestational age (coefficient of correlation, r = -0.85): it was reduced to about 10% of that at 16 WG by the end of the fetal period. ND was smaller in the adults than in the fetuses. Average PA increased monotonously with gestational age (r = 0.79). The coefficient of variation (CV) of PA was high early in the fetal period (47-48%; 16-18 WG) and increased gradually with age (r = 0.40). The average circulatory ratio (CR = 4 pi PA/PL2) decreased monotonously with gestational age (r = -0.85), while the CV of CR increased (r = 0.76). In conclusion, this study suggests that immature GRN neurons may appear by 16 WG after migration and that the subsequent differentiation and maturation may progress gradually and monotonously during the later half of gestation.
Adolescent↗
Vascular mineralization in the monkey brain.
Mineralization of various degrees was found in the brains of 79 (59%) of 134 cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). There was no age dependency in the incidence or severity, nor were there any abnormalities in growth, weight gain, or neurologic signs, although a slight sex difference was observed. The lesions, which were basophilic and intensely positive for periodic acid-Schiff or von Kossa stain, occurred in the vascular walls of the globus pallidus in two types: globoid bodies with prominent concentric lamellar structures in and around the arteriolar and venular wall (type A) and fine granules in the media of small or medium-sized arteries (type B). Electron microscopic examination revealed dense deposits in the degenerated media of small or medium-sized arteries or the thickened walls of the arterioles. X-ray microanalysis demonstrated the presence of calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, magnesium, and aluminum.
Animals↗
Phylogenetic place of a mitochondria-lacking protozoan, Entamoeba histolytica, inferred from amino acid sequences of elongation factor 2'.
Partial DNA regions encoding a major part of translation elongation factor 2 (EF-2) from a mitochondria-lacking protozoan, Entamoeba histolytica, were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and their primary structures were analyzed. The deduced amino acid sequence was aligned with other eukaryotic and archaebacterial EF-2's, and the phylogenetic relationships among eukaryotes were inferred by the maximum likelihood (ML) method. The ML analyses using four different stochastic models of amino acid substitutions consistently suggest that among eukaryotic species being analyzed, E. histolytica is likely to have diverged from other higher eukaryotes on the early phase of eukaryotic evolution.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Histopathological findings of the digits in dairy cows in Japan.
Two hundred and thirty-nine digits of 45 Holstein dairy cows, which were raised in typical Japanese dairy farms and received poor hoof management, were randomly obtained in the slaughterhouses and examined histopathologically. The findings were classified into 5 grades on the basis of the severity of circulatory disturbances and of keratogenesis. The lesions from Grade 1 to 5 were considered as manifestations of serial lesions indicating that subclinical laminitis advanced to other hoof lesions. The incidence of Grade 2, regarded as subclinical laminitis, reached approximately 50% of digits examined. The lesions classified as Grades 3 (23.9%) and 4 (5.4%) were mainly characterized by circulatory disturbances, which were similar to those of chronic laminitis in the previous reports. The incidence of Grade 5, characterized by sole ulcer, was 5.4%. It is suggested that a considerable number of daily cows in Japan suffered from subclinical laminitis, which may be the cause of recent high incidence of hoof diseases in dairy cows.
Animals↗
Local pathological reactions induced in pigs and cats by adjuvant ISA-70 containing inactivated Newcastle disease virus antigen.
Gross and microscopic changes at the injection site in pigs and cats were investigated for 8 weeks after an intramuscular injection of oil adjuvant ISA-70 emulsion, containing inactivated Newcastle disease virus antigen. In pigs, an egg-sized and discolored lesion with pinpoint to miliary-sized nodules was observed at 2 to 8 weeks post injection (PI). In cats, there was partial thickening of the subcutaneous tissue at 2 to 8 weeks PI. Histopathologic changes in pigs were fundamentally similar to those in cats, however, the local tissue reactions in pigs were severer and more protracted than those in cats. The lesions in pigs were characterized by formation of large-sized cysts and well-developed encapsulation of the cysts with epithelioid cells.
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
Comparative study of goitrogenic actions of 3-substituted 1, 2, 4-triazoles in rats.
Antithyroid actions of 3-amino-1, 2, 4-triazole (ATZ), 3-mercapto-1, 2, 4-triazole (MTZ) and 3-nitro-1, 2, 4-triazole (NTZ), which are substituents on the 3-position of 1, 2, 4-triazole (TZ), and those of the parental compound, were compared in rats. After administration of either ATZ, MTZ, or NTZ, the thyroids of rats were enlarged with decreasing of colloid content and a proliferation of the follicular epithelia. The serum concentration of 3, 5, 3'-triiodothyronine and thyroxine decreased, while that of thyroid-stimulating hormone increased. ATZ, MTZ, and NTZ inhibited thyroid peroxidase activity both in vivo and in vitro. These antithyroid actions were the most remarkable in case of MTZ and were the least in case of NTZ. TZ had no effect on the thyroid function in vivo and in vitro. The results of Lineweaver-Burk analysis on the effect to lactoperoxidase activity indicated that ATZ, MTZ, and NTZ showed competitive inhibition. These results suggest that both MTZ and NTZ have goitrogenic effects on the thyroid through antiperoxidase action, such as ATZ. Thus, the 3rd carbon position of TZ is thought to be important for induction of goiter in rats. A comparison of the relationship between substituent on the 3-position of TZ and antithyroid activity shows that a mercapto moiety has more potent antithyroid action than an amino and a nitro moiety. It is concluded that the differences in antithyroid activity of TZ derivatives depend on the potency of the substituents.
Animals↗
Apoptotic changes in the thymus of mice infected with mouse hepatitis virus, MHV-2.
In mice infected with MHV-2, histopathological changes of the thymus was studied. Extensive cell lysis with pyknotic nuclear debris appeared at 48 hr postinfection, and cortico-medullary border was indistinguishable. Electron microscopy revealed vacuolation and shrinkage of the cytoplasm of lymphoid cells, margination of nuclear chromatin, and fragmentation of nuclei. Virus particles were detectable in the lymphoid and reticular epithelial cells, being immunohistochemically positive for viral antigen. By DNA electrophoresis thymocytes showed DNA fragmentation with a laddering pattern characteristic of apoptosis.
Animals↗
A case of intracytoplasmic edema of follicular epithelial cells in rat thyroid.
Hydropic change of follicular epithelial cells in the thyroid was observed in a female Fischer 344 rat. Microscopically follicular epithelial cells were characterized by edematous swelling with weakly eosinophilic and homogeneous cytoplasm. The cytoplasm was negative for periodic acid-Schiff reaction, and thyroxine- and thyroglobulin-immunohistochemical reactions. Electron-microscopically, a small amount of amorphous substance was noted in remarkably dilated rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (r-ER), and slight regressive changes of cytoplasmic organella were also observed. These morphological changes may indicate that focal intracytoplasmic edema was occurred in r-ER, and that the change belonged to hydropic degeneration of the thyroid follicular cells in the thyroid.
Animals↗
Identification of sublines of inbred strains of mice and assessment of genetic relationships between substrains or sublines by DNA fingerprinting.
Identification of substrains or sublines of inbred mice and assessment of genetic relationships among them were performed on the basis of DNA fingerprinting using M13 phage DNA as a probe. We used eight C57BL/6 sublines (J parallel Jcl, J parallel Jms, J parallel Slc, J parallel Nrs, J parallel Yok, Jah, N parallel Crj, N parallel Jcl) and eleven C3H/He sublines, (J, J parallel Jcl, J parallel Yok, J parallel Nrs, J parallel Jms, N, N parallel Jcl, N parallel Crj, Slc, Jah, Nrs). Two kinds of restriction endonucleases (HinfI and PstI) were used. It was found that: 1) DNA fingerprint within each subline showed identical patterns. 2) Most sublines of C57BL/6 and C3H/He could be identified using DNA fingerprinting with HinfI except between N parallel Crj and Slc, and among J, J parallel Nrs and J parallel Yok in C3H/He. DNA fingerprints with PstI endonucleases showed low polymorphic banding patterns. 3) A dendrogram constructed from DNA fingerprint patterns reflected generally the genealogy of the sublines used. 4) DNA fingerprinting, therefore, seemed to be suitable for the genetic monitoring and assessment of genetic relationships among sublines of inbred mice having close relationships.
Animals↗
Partial characterization of larval antigens of Strongyloides papillosus by western blot analysis.
Western blotting was used to analyse the antigens in extracts of adult and infective larvae (SIL) of Strongyloides papillosus with serum of infected rabbits. Several proteins in both the extracts reacted with immunoglobulin G in the serum. A protein of about 16 kDa in the extract of SIL showed an especially strong reaction. No cross-reaction was observed among proteins in the extracts of adult worms of such cattle helminths as Fasciola gigantica, Homalogaster paloniae, Trichuris discolor and Setaria digitata to S. papillosus-infected rabbit serum. The cuticle of the worms and substances in the worm tracks showed positive reaction with the immunoperoxidase test on SIL with the serum.
Animals↗