To estimate the necessity of air ions (AIs) as a natural source of atmospheric gaseous superoxide for mammalia the effect of air ion deprivation on mice and rats was investigated. Ambient air deionization inside an experimental acrylic glass cage (AGC) was performed by electrostatic field, built up by acrylic glass surfaces. Under these conditions, four hours after the animals were placed into the AGC, the concentration of negative AIs was not detectable, the concentration of positive ions was (mean +/- SD) 77 +/- 18 ions x cm-3. The negative and positive AI concentrations in identical silicate glass cages (control) were 482 +/- 128 ions x cm-3 and 660 +/- 148 ions x cm-3 respectively. It was found that the prolonged deficiency of AIs in ambient air leads to accelerated death of the animals. The life span of the deprived mice and rats was 16.2 +/- 0.9 and 23.0 +/- 1.1 days respectively. The pathological symptoms and ultrastructural changes in the adeno- and neurohypophysis in deprived animals observed strongly suggest that animal death is related to disturbances in neurohormonal regulation and pituitary insufficiency. The possible physiological need of AIs and atmospheric superoxide, and its role in the development of environmental stress in human beings and in particular in premature infants is discussed.

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PubMedDate not supplied

Thyromegaly secondary to simultaneous papillary carcinoma and histiocytosis X. Report of a case and review of the literature.

The cytologic and histologic findings are reported in a case of papillary carcinoma arising within a thyroid gland pathologically enlarged by histiocytosis X. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies of a thyroid nodule in a patient with longstanding histiocytosis X produced a scanty amount of colloid, a moderately dense mixed inflammatory infiltrate and numerous small papillary fragments lined by cuboidal-to-columnar cells. Both the inflammatory cells and the epithelial cells showed nuclear grooves; the two populations of neoplastic cells were distinguished, and the correct diagnosis of the nodule was made, by recognizing the greater amount of granular cytoplasm of the mononucleated Langerhans' cells. The rare involve-of the thyroid by histiocytosis X is reviewed; this case, which appears to be the first reported instance of the co-occurrence of histiocytosis X and papillary carcinoma of the thyroid, indicates that patients with histiocytosis X should be observed for the development of thyroid carcinoma and that FNA biopsy can make the distinction between the two conditions.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Lipomatous lesions of the parotid gland. Potential pitfalls in fine needle aspiration biopsy diagnosis.

Nine cases of benign fatty tumors of the parotid studied initially by fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy and subsequently diagnosed by open biopsy were reviewed. All lesions presented as enlargements of the parotid gland. The cytologic diagnoses were correct in only five of the nine cases. While four of six FNA samples from lipomas were correctly diagnosed by cytology, the other two samples were classified as inadequate. Three cases of diffuse infiltration of the parotid by mature-appearing adipose tissue were cytologically characterized as "no diagnostic change" in two cases and sialosis in one case. The clinical, radiologic, cytologic and histologic features of these tumors are described to increase the familiarity of cytologists with these lesions, which may prevent unnecessary surgical intervention in some patients.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Home parenteral nutrition manual.

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