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Biomedical subjects

N Girard

Publications and source records attributed to N Girard.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Tolerance of femoral vein catheterization].

The femoral vein is a convenient venous access site which has remained relatively neglected since earlier reports of major complications. However, over the last 10 years, its beneficial use for various purposes (mainly haemodialysis) justifies a reexamination of the value of femoral venous catheterization. The ease of femoral catheterization and its complications were prospectively studied in 92 intensive care patients. Of the 113 attempts made by physicians, 75% of whom were inexperienced, 103 (91.2%) were successful. Insertion resulted in 17 (15%) arterial punctures and 5 local hematomas. Seventy catheters were left in place for an average of 8.8 days. No clinical manifestations of thrombosis were observed. Bilateral phlebography was carried out before removal of the catheter in 70 cases; 45 (64%) of these controls were normal. Of the remaining 25 pathological phlebograms, there were 11 (15.7%) fibrin sleeves, 2 (2.8%) partial thromboses of the common femoral vein which could be directly linked to the venous cannulation, and various abnormalities not directly due to the catheterization (superficial femoral vein thrombosis (4), thrombosis of calf or popliteal veins (18]. One case of catheter septicaemia occurred. Microorganisms were present in 15 (18.3%) of 82 catheter cultured tips. Percutaneous catheterization of the femoral vein might therefore be considered as a good venous access route. It can be successfully used by inexperienced physicians. There is no serious risk of injury to surrounding structures and the risks of thrombosis and infection are acceptable in comparison with other routes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The pain of burns: characteristics and correlates.

This study examined the characteristics of pain experienced by burned patients. Sources of inter-individual variations were also studied and the interrelationships between anxiety, depression, and pain were investigated. Forty-two adult patients hospitalized for burn injuries participated in the study. The McGill Pain Questionnaire and a visual analogue scale were employed to measure the pain experienced at rest and during therapeutic procedures. Anxiety and depression levels were assessed with the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory, and visual analogue scales. The results showed that the pain varies greatly from patient to patient and undergoes wide fluctuations over time in each patient. The greatest pain is usually experienced during therapeutic procedures, the patients reporting significantly more pain on these occasions than at rest. Variations in pain severity were not related to socio-demographic characteristics of the patients, the length of time elapsed since the injury, or the quantity of analgesics administered. The extent of the burns was a significant predictor of pain but only in the first week after the injury. High levels of anxiety or depression were not necessarily associated with higher pain scores during therapeutic procedures but the patients who were more anxious or depressed tended to report more pain when at rest. These results are discussed in relation to pain management strategies, with particular emphasis on the need for the analgesic therapy to be highly individualized and frequently adjusted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Cerebral venous thrombosis in adults. Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects in 20 cases].

The authors have reported on 20 cases of cerebral venous thrombosis and reviewed the literature. In most of these 20 cases, CT scan findings were non-specific. Digital subtraction angiography was used for diagnosis in 6 cases. In 7 cases, no etiology was found. 12 patients received anticoagulant treatment despite CT scan showed hemorrhagic infarct in 4 of them. No neurological complication was reported after anticoagulation. Venous thrombosis was fatal in 3 non-anticoagulated patients. 4 others showed mild or severe sequellae after discharge.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Hyaluronectin: detection with monoclonal antibodies in human tumors.

Two monoclonal IgG1 antibodies (MAbs) were raised against human brain hyaluronectin (HN) and used to characterize tumor HN. They were screened using an enzyme immunological technique (ELISA) combined with the HN property of specific binding to hyaluronic acid. They were shown to detect two different epitopes (HN1 and HN2) in human normal brain as well as in most tumors. Both HN1 and HN2 epitopes were found associated with mesenchymal benign or neoplastic proliferations (e.g. connective areas of fibroadenomas, extracellular matrix of fibrosarcomas) and with reactive connective tissue (e.g. stroma reaction of carcinomas, ground substance of gliomas). The results corresponded with those previously obtained with polyclonal rabbit antibodies and confirmed that HN is a constant marker of desmoplasia. Thus anti-HN MAbs recognize an antigen that is associated with tumor development and will be suitable for targeting.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1988

Hyaluronic acid accumulation and endothelial cell detachment in intimal thickening of the vessel wall. The normal and genetically defective ductus arteriosus.

The closing ductus arteriosus (DA) was studied as a model for the development of intimal thickening of vessel walls using ultrastructural and immunohistochemical techniques. The material consisted of DA from neonatal dogs of three types: normal beagles, DA-defective pups from a line of mixed poodles with a genetic defect in the closure of the DA leading to persistent ductus arteriosus (PDA line), and normal litter-mates of DA-defective pups in the PDA line. The DA of the normal litter-mates of DA-defective pups did not differ from those of normal beagles. In the DA of normal beagles and normal PDA-line pups, closure is preceded by intimal thickening characterized by formation of a widened subendothelial region (SR), detachment of endothelial cells, invagination of endothelial cells, and migration of smooth muscle cells into the SR. It was observed that immediately before and after endothelial cell detachment, there was an increase in hyaluronic acid (HA) in the SR and inner media. In the DA-defective pups, the increase in hyaluronic acid failed to occur and there was no intimal thickening. The SR failed to expand, endothelium remained attached to the internal elastic membrane, and there was no invagination of endothelium or migration of smooth muscle cells. It is hypothesized that the increased synthesis of HA is an important early event leading to intimal thickening in the normal DA and perhaps to abnormal intimal thickening of other vessels. By its hygroscopic properties, HA may be directly involved in the formation of a wide SR, inducing endothelial cell detachment and favoring smooth muscle cell migration. In affected pups of the PDA line, there is a genetically-determined "block" in the normal process of intimal thickening at or before the initiation of increased HA synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Specific monoclonal antibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).

Anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) monoclonal antibody has been obtained by fusing SP2/O myeloma cells with splenic cells from mice immunized with human GFAP. It belongs to the IgG1 class and it recognizes an epitope on GFAP which is shared by each fragment of the protein. Immunohistological studies show that the epitope characterized is absolutely specific for GFAP.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Characterization of hyaluronic acid on tissue sections with hyaluronectin.

An affinity immunological procedure for hyaluronic acid detection on tissue sections is described. This new, sensitive, and specific technique is based on the high affinity of hyaluronectin for hyaluronic acid, utilizing anti-hyaluronectin-hyaluronectin immune complexes. Elimination of binding when the reagent was supplemented with hyaluronic acid or when Streptomyces hyaluronidase-digested tissue sections were used emphasizes the specificity of the assay. This technique made possible accurate HA localization in embryonic mesenchyme, in neural tissue, in kidney medulla, and in tumors.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1986

[Digitalized angiography of the thorax in children].

Technical aspects and indications for the use of digital subtraction angiography of thorax in 109 children are discussed, and the interest of this exploratory method emphasized in chronic respiratory disease in children. Results obtained are compared with other investigations for screening of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Although generally reliable for exploration of thoracic aorta anomalies (coarctation and abnormal vascular arch) it is considered to be incompletely effective for investigation of congenital heart disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

[Spontaneous bone marrow micrometastasis of a cerebral glioma. Immunohistochemical diagnosis in a biopsy sample and review of the literature].

A 55 year-old woman was admitted to hospital in January 1981 with transient expressive dysphasia. Past personal history was unremarkable except for a six-month history of renal colic and thrombophlebitis in the veins of the right leg. Computed tomographic scan of the head and carotid angiogram revealed a left calcified temporoparietal tumor. Because of pulmonary embolism it was decided to refute a cerebral biopsy. The patient also declined radiotherapy. In May 1983, a thorough workup revealed an incomplete fracture of the first lumbar vertebra and a diffuse demineralization of the rachis and pelvis. Four weeks later she developed temporal epilepsy and pulmonary embolism. A whole brain irradiation (60 Gy) was performed in August 1983. The patient's condition remained clinically stable until December 1984 when she was readmitted to hospital with a severe weight loss, diffuse osseous pain and pancytopenia. A bone marrow biopsy from the iliac crest showed a diffuse tumor involvement. Peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining using monoclonal antiserum to glial fibrillary acidic protein was strongly positive in numerous tumors cells. The pathological diagnosis was bone marrow metastasis by glioma. She died in March 1985, 4 years and 3 months after the first admission to hospital. Autopsy was not performed. A literature search reveals only 9 cases of extraneural spreading of astrocytomas and glioblastomas in the absence of previous craniotomy with post-mortem examination. The authors also comment on the clinical, pathological and histogenic aspects of extraneural metastasis of gliomas.

Bone Marrow Diseases↗
PubMed1985

[Formation of mixed spheroids by a coculture of human cancerous and fibroblast cells].

The coculture of fibroblasts with cancerous cells under the conditions which lead to spheroid formation, allowed the obtention of spheroids composed of a fibroblastic core surrounded by cancerous cells. The fibroblast core was labelled by hyaluronic acid and hyaluronectin. Hyaluronic acid concentration was also measured by enzymoimmunological assay in culture medium where it was found to accumulate during spheroid growth. The composite spheroid technique is a good model system for analysis of cancer cells-fibroblasts interaction in vitro.

Carrier Proteins↗
PubMed1984

[Histologic characterization of hyaluronic acid in the cerebellum with hyaluronectin].

Two techniques of affino-immunofluorescence were described to localize hyaluronic acid (HA) on Rat cerebellum tissue sections. The first technique used the direct soluble hyaluronectin (HN)/anti-HN immune complex fixation to tissue-HA. In the second technique, HN fixation was followed by anti-HN antibody binding to HN. Both reactions were blocked by the addition of HA to HN/anti-HN complexes or to HN. The first direct technique is less time consuming and gives more clear-cut results than the second technique. These affino-immunological methods provide a better tool to localize HA in tissues than the classical stainings.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Production of monoclonal antibodies against gliofibrillary acid protein (GFAP) and their specificity].

Splenic Mice cells immunized with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were fused with SP 2/0 myeloma cells. After screening and cloning we obtained two types of hybridomas. Some of them secrete IgG class antibodies, the others IgM class antibodies. The specificity of these antibodies has been tested by three immunoenzymatic methods. The results are that IgG monoclonal antibodies identify an astrocyte-GFAP specific epitope and IgM monoclonal antibodies cross-react with a common epitope to GFAP and vimentin.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Localization of hyaluronectin in the nervous system.

The localization of hyaluronectin was determined by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase methods, in the rat, the sheep and the human. The study of the peripheral nervous system revealed the localization of this protein at the node of Ranvier. It was also present at this site in the central nervous system where the appearance was less characteristic than in the peripheral nervous system. The protein was also observed around about 10% of neurones in all of the regions studied. The subcellular structures labelled could not be precisely defined with the optical microscope.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Hyaluronectin in normal human skin and in basal cell carcinoma.

The localization of hyaluronectin has been studied in normal skin and in basal cell carcinoma. In fetal skin it is abundant in the dermis but absent from the epidermis, and in adult skin it is totally absent except in the hair sheaths and bulbs. In basal cell carcinoma it is abundant only in the stroma reaction. The presence of this protein in mesenchymatous tissues seems to be linked to zones of physiological or neoplastic proliferation.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Characterization of hyaluronectin in human tumour heterografts in the nude mouse.

Three established cell lines derived from three human astrocytomas were grafted into nude mice. Hyaluronectin, a marker of loose connective tissue, was detected in the grafts. The histopathology and the hyaluronectin staining were similar to those of the tumours of origin. Absorption experiments demonstrate that one of the three human grafted tumours (CB 109) contains a human type hyaluronectin, in contrast to the other two. In these two grafts, hyaluronectin is a constituent of the host stromal reaction, whereas in the CB 109 graft hyaluronectin apparently originates from the human tumour cells. This tumour could be used to test the production of human hyaluronectin in vitro and in vivo.

Animals↗