Pulse oximetry during shoulder arthroscopy.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to N Gibbs.
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A common method of rapid transfusion in neonates and infants is to manually inject an appropriate volume of blood using a syringe connected to a 3-way tap in the infusion tubing. We measured the maximum infusion rates this technique could generate through small bore cannulae (22 ga-25 mm, 24 ga-19 mm), and compared the efficiency of a range of syringe sizes. We also compared infusion rates generated by this technique with those obtained using a pressure pump chamber in the giving set. The manual syringing technique using a 10 ml syringe was the most efficient for all the fluids tested, providing infusion rates through the 22 ga cannulae of 64 ml/min for packed cells, 73 ml/min for whole blood and 105 ml/min for 0.9% saline.
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Six different makes of continuous flush device were compared for reliability of flow rate and ease of use. All of the devices tested were considered suitable for flushing of vascular pressure monitoring catheters. However, flow rates were considered too variable for control of drug infusions or flushing of intracranial pressure monitoring systems.
Clinical biochemical and haematological parameters during long-term continuous infusion of alfathesin were studied in twelve neurosurgical patients who did not have multiple organ failure. Significant changes which were possibly caused by alfathesin were an alteration of blood film morphology, an elevation of plasma triglyceride and a reduction in plasma high-density lipids.
The protein content of once-washed pellets of Dunaliella primalecta was 35 to 48%. Protein quality was good. Electron microscopy confirmed the absence of a cell wall.
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In this 3-year prospective study, the incidence and nature of injuries incurred by a professional rugby league football club were investigated. During the 1989, 1990, and 1991 season games, 141 injuries occurred throughout the first, second, and under-21 age teams, which resulted in players missing subsequent games. The incidence of injury was 44.9 per 1000 player-position game hours, which is high when compared with other sports. Of these injuries, 37.6% were classified as minor, 34.8% as moderate, and 27.6% as major. The classification was based on the number of subsequent games missed: minor injuries caused a player to miss one game; moderate, two to four games; and major, five or more games. Ligament and joint injuries comprised 53.9% of all injuries, and the knee was the most common area injured (24.1%). The commonest specific injuries were to the medial collateral ligament of the knee and to the groin musculotendinous unit (10.6% each).