Optic disc metastasis presenting as an initial sign of recurrence of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the larynx.
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
N Fujimoto
Publications and source records attributed to N Fujimoto.
Facial lichen striatus: successful treatment with tacrolimus ointment.
We report a 22-year-old Japanese woman with facial lichen striatus (LS). The distribution of the lesions corresponded to that of Blaschko's lines. Histology of the lesional skin showed an inflammatory cell infiltrate around hair follicles and eccrine glands. Treatment of the linear lesions with tacrolimus ointment once or twice daily resulted in a dramatical improvement in a short time. LS is a T-cell-mediated inflammatory disease and tacrolimus ointment may be an effective alternative treatment for this disease especially when the lesions are located on the face.
Adult↗
Relative hypersensitivity in healthy eye by frequency doubling perimetry in patients with severely damaged contralateral eye.
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Adult↗
Heavily T2 weighted MR images of anterior optic pathways in patients with sellar and parasellar tumours - prediction of surgical anatomy.
OBJECTIVE: Location of anterior optic pathways in sellar and parasellar tumours was preoperatively evaluated, by use of heavily T2 weighted MR images. METHODS: Heavily T2 and conventional T1 weighted images were studied in 20 patients with sellar and parasellar tumours who underwent craniotomy. Pathology revealed pituitary adenoma in 5 patients, craniopharyngioma in 8 and parasellar meningioma in 7. Maximum sizes ranged from 15 mm to 58 mm. Sequence parameters of TR/TE for heavily T2 weighted and T1 weighted images were 5800/220 msec and 600/20 msec, respectively, and slice thickness was 3 mm for both. RESULTS: The anterior optic pathway was detected in 95% on heavily T2 weighted images and 50% on T1 weighted images. All preoperative heavily T2 weighted images were compatible with operative findings. The optic chiasms were most commonly supero-posterior in pituitary adenomas, anterior (prefixed) in craniopharyngiomas and posterior in meningiomas. The optic nerves were commonly located superior or lateral to the tumours. However, parasellar meningiomas, off the midline, revealed the optic nerves in various locations, depending on the tumour origin. In such tumours, heavily T2 weighted images provided surgical information on the width of the working space through prechiasmal and/or optico-carotid spaces in the pterional approach. Spatial relation of the tumours to the lamina terminalis, anterior commissure and anterior communicating artery complex was clearly shown in craniopharyngioma patients, who underwent the anterior interhemispheric approach. CONCLUSION: Heavily T2 weighted MR images are useful in determining the location of optic pathways and surgical approach and in individual prediction of the anatomy for even large sellar and parasellar tumours.
Adenoma↗
Iron lactate induction of pancreatic and endometrial proliferative lesions and a lack of increased tumors in a 104-week carcinogenicity study in F344 rats.
Iron lactate has been used as a food additive for iron supplementation. The present study was conducted to determine whether it might have carcinogenic potential. A total of 150 male and 150 female Fischer 344 rats were divided into three groups and fed basal diet containing 0, 1 or 2% of iron lactate for 104 weeks. No iron lactate-induced tumors were observed in any groups, although the incidences of pancreatic acinar cell and endometrial gland hyperplasias were increased in males and females, respectively, in the 2% group. Thus our in vivo animal data indicate that iron lactate lacks carcinogenicity in male and female F344 rats. However, estrogenic effects might be concluded based on the data for endometrial lesions. In a second experiment, an estrogen responsive rat pituitary tumor cell line, MtT/Se, and a human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, were therefore employed to examine the estrogenic potential of iron lactate with regard to receptor binding affinity and ERE-reporter gene activation. Results in both cases were negative. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of induction of pancreatic and endometrial proliferative lesions by iron lactate.
Animals↗
Criteria for early detection of temporal hemianopia in asymptomatic pituitary tumor.
PURPOSE: To determine new criteria for early detection of temporal hemianopia in patients with asymptomatic pituitary tumor. METHODS: Fifteen patients without visual symptoms had pituitary tumor and subtle defects or normal visual fields by Goldmann perimetry. Twelve patients with visual symptoms had pituitary adenoma and visual field defects detected by Goldmann perimetry. All were examined by automated perimetry. The relationship between the tumor and the optic chiasm was graded by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on a scale of 0-4. Grade number increased with extent of compression. Temporal hemianopia observed by automated perimetry was estimated from normal data (52 normal fields). Vertical step was determined from the number of adjacent pairs along the midline; sensitivity was lower in the temporal field than in the nasal field. Temporal depression was calculated by the quadrant sum of sensitivity. RESULTS: All patients with symptomatic pituitary adenoma had vertical step and temporal depression in the upper field. Nine of 15 patients without visual symptoms had vertical step or temporal depression. Of nine patients with temporal hemianopia, two of four patients had grade 1 compression, three of five had grade 2, and four of four had grade 3. CONCLUSIONS: New criteria by automated perimetry could detect temporal hemianopia in patients with asymptomatic pituitary tumor.
Adenoma↗
Expression of the 67-kDa elastin receptor in perforating skin disorders.
BACKGROUND: Perforating skin dermatoses include elastosis perforans serpiginosa (EPS), reactive perforating collagenosis, Kyrle's disease and perforating folliculitis. In addition to these four diseases, an acquired form of perforating dermatosis associated with diabetes mellitus and/or chronic renal failure has been reported for which the term acquired perforating dermatosis (APD) was proposed. The molecular mechanism of transepidermal elimination of dermal components in perforating skin dermatoses remains unclear. We recently demonstrated that the 67-kDa elastin receptor can be detected in the epidermis eliminating altered elastic fibres in EPS, suggesting that the elastin-keratinocyte interaction may play a role in transepidermal elimination in EPS. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the 67-kDa elastin receptor is involved in other perforating diseases. METHODS: Paraffin-embedded skin specimens from new cases of EPS (n = 2), APD (n = 15) and perforating granuloma annulare (PGA; n = 2) were studied immunohistochemically using a specific antibody to the 67-kDa elastin receptor. In one case of EPS, two different sites from a single lesion, a central atrophic area and a peripheral keratotic area, were studied. RESULTS: Expression of the elastin receptor was detected in the epidermis surrounding the elastic materials in both cases of EPS. The elastin receptor was not detected in the central inactive area, whereas it was expressed strongly in the peripheral keratotic active area. The elastin receptor was also detected in three of 15 cases of APD in which a few elastic fibres were found in the eliminated dermal materials. In one case of APD, the elastin receptor was not detected in spite of the presence of a few elastic fibres in the eliminated materials. The elastin receptor was not detected in either case of PGA. CONCLUSIONS: Expression of the elastin receptor in EPS was seen in both cases studied and was dependent on the stage of the lesion. Expression of the elastin receptor in APD appeared to be related to the amount of elastic fibres in the eliminated materials. Thus, expression of the elastin receptor in perforating skin disorders may depend on the stage of the lesion and/or the content of elastic fibres in the dermal materials being eliminated.
Adult↗
Coexistence of beta2 microglobulin and lambda light chain in amyloid fibrils of dialysis-unrelated plasma cell dyscrasia-associated systemic amyloidosis.
BACKGROUND: Systemic amyloidosis occurs as a result of amyloid deposition in various tissues. The amyloid fibrils in systemic amyloidosis have been reported to originate from immunoglobulin light chains. OBJECTIVE: We studied the composition of amyloid fibrils from two patients with plasma cell-associated systemic amyloidosis (PASA). METHODS: A double immunofluorescence study of the lesional skin of PASA was undertaken. Amyloid proteins were extracted with distilled water from one case of PASA. RESULTS: The double immunofluorescence study showed that anti-lambda light chain and anti-beta2 microglobulin antibodies mostly reacted with the same area of amyloid deposit. Amyloid deposits from two patients with PASA who had never undergone haemodialysis showed a positive reaction with the antibodies for beta2 microglobulin as well as immunoglobulin lambda light chain. By the use of immunoblot assay of amyloid fibril proteins, polypeptides immunoreactive with antigamma light chain antibody (29 kDa) and with anti-beta2 microglobulin antibody (12 kDa) were detected. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that beta2 microglobulin is a component of amyloid fibrils in PASA.
Aged↗
Demonstration of the optic pathway in large pituitary adenoma on heavily T2 weighted MR images.
The objective of the investigation was to understand preoperatively the detailed anatomical relationship of large pituitary adenomas to surrounding structures, using the heavily T2-weighted reversed (T2R) MR images. This study consisted of 28 patients with pituitary adenoma, presenting with visual disturbance. The MRI scanner used was a Gyroscan ACSNT 1.5T and the slice thickness of the image was 3 mm with 0.5 mm interslice gap. The relation of pituitary adenoma to optic pathway and to the degree of visual field defect was assessed. Relations of the optic chiasm to adenoma were classified into three types: anterior, superior and posterior. The optic chiasm was directly visualized and identifiable in all patients studied. It was located anterior in four cases, superior in 22 and posterior in two in relation to the adenoma. Its location was further confirmed by the anatomical delineation of surrounding structures such as anterior commissure and lamina terminalis. Optic nerve or tract was unidentifiable in one case, for each category. Detectability of each optic component was higher on T2R images than on conventional T1-weighted images. The adenoma extended into and in front of the third ventricle in anterior and posterior types, respectively. The anterior communicating artery complex and the optic pathway were relocated together in anterior and superior types, and were separated in the posterior type. In a case of the posterior type, the complex was sectioned to obtain a wider surgical field during anterior interhemispheric approach. While degrees of visual field defect were proportional to tumour size in the superior type, they were unrelated in the anterior and posterior types. On choosing a transcranial approach, the transcallosal route is unsuitable for an adenoma of posterior type, which extends in front of the third ventricle. This preoperative MRI information makes it possible to visualize directly the optic pathway even in huge adenomas, and is useful in predicting surgical anatomy and selecting a proper surgical approach.
Adenoma↗
Cancer prevention with green tea and monitoring by a new biomarker, hnRNP B1.
The study of green tea polyphenols as a cancer preventative is approaching a new era, with significant results accumulating rapidly. This paper briefly reviews four topics related to mechanisms of action of tea polyphenols: (I) identification of the genes commonly affected by EGCG, as demonstrated by Clontech's Atlas cDNA Expression Array; (II) the significance of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein B1 (hnRNP B1) as a new biomarker for early detection of lung cancer, and inhibition of its expression by EGCG; (III) the synergistic or additive effects of EGCG with the cancer preventive agents, sulindac and tamoxifen, on induction of apoptosis in PC-9 cells and on inhibition of intestinal tumor development in multiple intestinal neoplasia (Min) mice; (IV) the results of a 10 year prospective cohort study demonstrating the effectiveness of daily consumption of green tea in preventing cancer, and a prototype study for developing green tea beverage as cancer preventive.
Animals↗
Circulating levels of MMP-1, -2, -3, -9, and TIMP-1 are increased in POEMS syndrome.
The authors quantitatively measured levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in blood samples of POEMS syndrome. Circulating levels of MMP-1, -2, -3, -9, and TIMP-1 were more increased in patients with POEMS syndrome than in patients with other neurologic disorders or in healthy controls. Serum levels of VEGF and TIMP-1 were strongly correlated with each other. Increased circulating levels of MMP-1, -2, -3, -9, and TIMP-1 may lead to a better understanding the pathogenesis of POEMS syndrome.
Endothelial Growth Factors↗
Long-term exposure of tumor necrosis factor alpha causes hypersensitivity to androgen and anti-androgen withdrawal phenomenon in LNCaP prostate cancer cells.
BACKGROUND: One of the mechanisms through which prostate cancers relapse during anti-androgen therapy may involve adaptation to low concentrations of androgen induced by anti-androgen therapies. Recent studies from our laboratory have reported that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) is secreted from prostate cancer epithelial cells and LNCaP cells. We hypothesized that TNFalpha changes androgen-sensitivity in LNCaP cells. METHODS: We cultured LNCaP cells for more than 3 months in the presence of 50 ng/ml TNFalpha and established TNFalpha-resistant LNCaP cells (LN-TR2). Sensitivity to androgen was examined by the cell proliferation assay. We also transfected LNCaP and LN-TR2 cells with a luciferase reporter plasmid driven by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) promoter and compared PSA promoter activity. Nuclear localization of AR protein that binds to target genes was also examined by Western blotting. RESULTS: LN-TR2 cells had increased sensitivity to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) (i.e., proliferation and PSA promoter activation) than LNCaP cells. Total AR mRNA and AR protein levels were decreased in LN-TR2 cells. However, LN-TR2 cells demonstrated increased levels of nuclear AR compared to LNCaP cells. At 1 nM DHT, the anti-androgen bicalutamide stimulated LN-TR2 and inhibited LNCaP proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term exposure of TNFalpha causes hypersensitivity to DHT in LNCaP and this was associated with increased nuclear AR protein. Furthermore, hypersensitivity to androgen caused anti-androgen withdrawal phenomenon in the presence of DHT although bicalutamide itself did not stimulate LNCaP proliferation without androgen. This result may be one possible mechanism for the anti-androgen withdrawal phenomenon.
Androgen Antagonists↗
[Long-term survival of hormone-refractory prostate cancer: a case report].
Although prostate cancer initially responds well to endocrine therapy, it becomes resistant to the therapy a few years later, and is called hormone-refractory cancer. In general, hormone-refractory prostate cancer is resistant to all kinds of therapy and the prognosis is extremely poor. Here we report an unusual case of a person with hormone-refractory prostate cancer, who has been surviving for more than 5 years after being diagnosed as having this type of cancer. A 75-year-old man was diagnosed with prostate cancer (poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, T3 N0 M1, stage D2) and initial endocrine therapy combined with castration and estrogen was effective. Four years later, the tumor marker of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) increased and the cancer was thought to be hormone-independent, refractory state. Alteration of antiandrogen from chlormadinone acetate to flutamide was effective and PSA was kept at low levels for 6 months. When PSA rose again, we started oral chemotherapy with tegafur.uracil. PSA decreased to normal range (complete response) and remained stable for 10 months. After that, a rapid increase of PSA was controlled for 7 months by oral chemotherapy with estramustine phosphate sodium and VP-16. This case indicates that alteration of antiandrogens or oral chemotherapy may be useful in some cases with hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Different expression of androgen receptor coactivators in human prostate.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the expression of androgen receptor (AR) coactivators in the human prostate for a better understanding of androgen action in prostate cancer. METHODS: Using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, we examined the expression levels of AR coactivators (ARA55, SRC1, ARA54, TIF2, RAC3) in four prostate cancer cell lines (DU145, PC3, LNCaP, and LN-TR2), nine benign prostatic tissue samples, and 21 prostate cancer tissue specimens. RESULTS: In the cell lines, SRC1 was expressed ubiquitously at almost equal amounts. Contrary to this, ARA55, ARA54, TIF2, and RAC3 displayed cell line-specific expression. In the LN-TR2 cells, established from LNCaP cells by long-term treatment with tumor necrosis factor-alpha, the expression levels of ARA55 and TIF2 were much higher than those in the LNCaP cells. In every prostatic tissue specimen, the expression levels of TIF2 and RAC3 were very low. The expression levels of ARA55 and SRC1 were higher in the cancer specimens with a higher grade or poor response to endocrine therapy than in those with a lower grade or good response to endocrine therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Prostate cancer cells express AR coactivators. Long-term stimulation by tumor necrosis factor-alpha could increase ARA55 and TIF2 expression in LNCaP cells. The different expression of coactivators may contribute to the different response of prostate cancer to androgenic stimulation or endocrine therapy.
Androgens↗
Metastasis to the penis in a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung with a review of reported cases.
Metastasis to the penis is very rare in lung cancer. We describe a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung who developed a metastatic lesion in the penis. A 75-year-old Japanese male visited a local hospital complaining cough and bloody sputum. A chest plain radiograph and computed tomographic (CT) scans of the chest demonstrated a right hilar mass. He was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung at stage IIIB (T4N2M0). Then he was treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy consisting of cisplatin, docetaxel, and thoracic irradiation, and after the chemoradiotherapy, he achieved a partial response. However, 6 months later, he visited an urologist complaining of firm mass in the penis with slight pain. A biopsy of the corpus cavernosum penis was performed, which provided a histological diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma. The histology of the specimen was consistent with that of previous lung cancer, so he was considered to have penile metastasis from squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Radiotherapy was given to the metastatic tumor in the penis. The penile tumor was diminished and the pain was completely relieved. In addition, we review reported cases to investigate the clinical characteristics and appropriate management of this rare involvement.
Aged↗
Potential anti-androgenic activity of roxithromycin in skin.
Since acne formation is a multistep process accelerated by androgens, we examined whether a new anti-acne antibiotic roxithromycin (RXM) may act as anti-androgen using transient transfection assays in human skin fibroblasts. The result showed no significant effect of 0.5, 1 and 5 microg/ml RXM on 10(-9) M R1881-induced androgen receptor (AR) transcriptional activity. While the cotransfection of exogenous ARA55, a novel AR coactivator, increased AR transactivation up to 2.59-fold, this increase was attenuated by 5 microg/ml RXM to 64.7%. Semiquantitative RT-PCR results showed that 0.1 mM H(2)O(2) treatment increased ARA55 mRNA expression level, indicating that reactive oxygen species increase the expression of ARA55 in skin. These results suggest that RXM may serve as anti-androgen only in the hypersensitive state to androgen, but not in the physiological state, through modulating end-organ hypersensitive condition to androgen possibly involving the pathway from reactive oxygen species to ARA55.
Androgen Antagonists↗
Suppression by estrogen receptor beta of AP-1 mediated transactivation through estrogen receptor alpha.
The estrogen receptor (ER) is known to mediate gene transcription from AP-1 enhancer elements as well as the well-documented estrogen responsive elements (EREs). Investigations of AP-1 mediated transactivation through ER have been performed with rather complex promoters such as insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and collagenase promoters. In the present study, we investigated AP-1 mediated transactivation through ERalpha and ERbeta with a less complicated reporter consisting of only consensus AP-1 motifs. NIH 3T3 cells were transiently transfected with human ERalpha and ERbeta expression plasmids and AP-1-luc and ERE-luc reporters. 17beta-Estradiol failed to activate ERbeta-AP-1 responses while activating ERalpha-AP-1, ERalpha-ERE, ERbeta-ERE mediated transcription. On the other hand, antiestrogens such as tamoxifen enhanced AP-1 mediated transactivation through both ERalpha and ERbeta. An ERalpha positive human breast cancel cell line, MCF-7, also showed the same manner of AP-1 mediated transactivation through ERalpha. When NIH 3T3 with ERalpha and MCF-7 were co-transfected with ERbeta, E2 dependent AP-1 responses decreased in both cell lines depending on the amount of the ERbeta expression plasmid. These results suggest that ERalpha and ERbeta may function in opposition with ERbeta actually suppressing the function of ERalpha in AP-1 mediated transactivation.
3T3 Cells↗
Visual evoked potentials in relation to visual acuity in macular disease.
PURPOSE: To investigate how central retinal function contributes to pattern visual evoked cortical potentials (PVECPs), we recorded transient and steady-state PVECPs in patients with macular disease and compared the results with those of patients with optic neuritis. The results were also evaluated for correlation with visual acuity and kinetic perimetric measurements. METHODS: PVECPs to 3 rev/s stimulation (transient) and 12 rev/s stimulation (steady-state) for check sizes 15' and 30' were obtained from all patients and age-matched healthy controls. The peak latency and amplitude of the P100 component of the transient VECP and the amplitudes of the steady-state VECP were measured and evaluated. RESULTS: Patients with macular disease produced significant delay of P100 latency and amplitude attenuation of the steady-state VECP, as compared with healthy subjects. P100 latency delay was less in patients with macular disease than in those with optic neuritis, while the attenuation rate of the steady-state VECP amplitude was similar between groups. Visual acuity was correlated with P100 latency and steady-state VECP amplitude reduction. CONCLUSIONS: Although the delay of latency was less in patients with macular disease than in those with optic neuritis, the electrophysiologic alterations that occur in macular disease demonstrate a potential for diagnostic value at the level of the retina.
Adolescent↗