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Biomedical subjects

N French

Publications and source records attributed to N French.

46 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Effects of feeding frequency on ruminal parameters, plasma insulin, milk yield, and milk composition in Holstein cows.

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of frequency of feeding on ruminal fermentation, blood parameters, milk yield, and milk composition in cows fed a 60% pelleted concentrate and 40% chopped alfalfa hay (DM basis) diet. In Experiment 1, four ruminally cannulated cows were fed concentrates in 12 equal portions at 2-h intervals or in two equal portions at 0500 and 1500 h in a crossover design. In Experiment 2, treatments were as in Experiment 1 plus an additional treatment consisting of a total mixed diet fed at 2-h intervals in a 3 x 3 Latin square design. All treatment periods were 2 wk. In Experiment 1, increased frequency of concentrate feeding tended to result in elevated ruminal pH and increased acetate to propionate ratio. Plasma insulin concentration tended to be higher (1.54 vs. 1.04 ng/ml) and milk fat percentage increased from 2.21 to 2.60% for 2 and 12 times daily feeding, respectively. In Experiment 2, frequency of feeding concentrate or total mixed diet did not affect ruminal and blood parameters or milk yield. In both experiments, milk protein and lactose concentrations were not influenced by feeding frequency. Results suggest that where intake is kept constant, increased feeding frequency will not influence milk yield but could result in elevated milk fat percent in animals fed fat-depressing diets.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Control of headfly on sheep.

Headfly caused irritation to sheep in Northumberland from late June of each year 1973 to 1975. Numbers of headflies caught in sweep nets declined sharply from early August 1973 and 1975 but remained fairly high in 1974 until mid September. Attacks on sheep followed a similar pattern. The effectiveness of a number of fly repellent applications was examined. Headcaps gave good and sometimes complete protection.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene meeting at Manson House, London, 18 March 1999. Fresh from the field: some controversies in tropical medicine and hygiene. HIV and malaria, do they interact?

Malaria and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are common, widespread and overlapping problems in the tropics. Despite this there has been minimal evidence to support an important interaction, other than during pregnancy in multigravid HIV-infected women. The lack of an interaction in other groups is surprising, and would be unexpected based on present knowledge of anti-malarial immunity. However, most of the reported studies have been cross-sectional and performed in selected groups, making their findings difficult to interpret. Two cohort studies in children were similarly inconclusive, although both hinted at a decreased ability to control parasitaemia with more advanced HIV-disease. Recent work from Entebbe carried out in a well-characterized cohort of HIV-infected adults revealed an increase in malarial fever with deteriorating immune status. Rates by CD4+ T-cell count groups > 500, 200-499 and < 200 cells/microL were 45, 73 and 115 cases per 1000 person-years respectively, P < 0.01 for trend. These findings support an important interaction between HIV and malaria. The public health consequences and the relevance of these findings out with Entebbe are uncertain. The importance of understanding this interaction further must be a priority for sub-Saharan Africa: consequently further studies designed primarily to answer these questions will be necessary. Meanwhile, the optimism that the global malaria situation was largely unaffected by the HIV pandemic may need to be reconsidered.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in developing countries.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is causing the most destructive epidemic of recent times, having been responsible for the deaths of more than 25 million people since it was first recognised in 1981. This global epidemic remains out of control, with reported figures for 2005 of 40 million people infected with HIV. During 2005 there were 4.9 million new infections, showing that transmission is not being prevented, and there were 3.1 million deaths from the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), reflecting the lack of a definitive cure and the limited access to suppressive antiretroviral treatment in the developing countries that are most severely affected. The current state of the epidemic and the response to date are here reviewed. Present and future opportunities for prevention, treatment and surveillance are discussed, with particular reference to progress towards an HIV vaccine, the expansion of the provision of highly active antiretroviral therapy, and the need to focus control programmes on HIV as an infectious disease, rather than as a development issue.

AIDS Vaccines↗