Biomedical subjects

N F Butte

Publications and source records attributed to N F Butte.

78 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMed1983

Evaluation of the deuterium dilution technique against the test-weighing procedure for the determination of breast milk intake.

A noninvasive isotopic method for the determination of milk intake in breast-fed infants was evaluated against the conventional method of test-weighing. In experiment 1, 48-h breast milk intake was estimated concurrently by the test-weighing procedure and by the deuterium dilution technique. In experiment 2, the isotopic method, modified to minimize fluctuations in water flux, was evaluated against a 24-h test-weighing. In experiment 1, the mean 48-h milk intake estimated by the isotopic method (1616 +/- 353 ml) was significantly higher than that measured by the test-weighing procedure (1449 +/- 234 ml) (p less than 0.01). In experiment 2, 24-h milk intake as determined by test-weighing and deuterium dilution averaged 878.0 +/- 188.1 and 690.7 +/- 141.4 ml/day, respectively, and differed significantly (p less than 0.001). The ability of the deuterium dilution method to predict values obtained by the test-weighing procedure was unsatisfactory for individual estimations. These experiments indicate that the deuterium dilution technique is unacceptable for the determination of breast-milk intake in individuals, but may be satisfactory for a population estimation.

Body Water↗

PubMed1982

Proteins, vitamin A, carotene, folacin, ferritin and zinc in Navajo maternal and cord blood.

Blood samples were obtained from 28 Navajo women at delivery and cord blood samples were collected from their healthy, full-term infants. The concentrations of retinol, folacin, ferritin and zinc in the cord blood fell in the normal range even though some mothers had blood levels suggesting a deficiency. Levels of maternal and cord blood retinol-binding protein were positively correlated. Although marginal and deficient levels of folacin in maternal blood did not result in significantly lower cord blood levels, the strong association indicated a dependence of fetal level upon maternal supply. Birth weight and the developmental indices were not related to any of the maternal or fetal nutrient levels.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1981

Evaluation of lactational performance of Navajo women.

The effect of suboptimal maternal nutrition on lactational performance of 23 Navajo women was studied in terms of milk volume, milk composition, and infant growth. The mean milk volume produced by 10 Navajo women was 634 +/- 113 mg/24 h after approximately 1 month of lactation. The content of protein, lactose, and lipid were within normal limits. Retinol and carotene content were 32.9 +/- 15.7 and 19.7 +/- 6.3 microgram/dl, respectively. Milk folacin averaged 56.4 +/- 23.9 mg/ml. The mean contents of zinc, iron, and copper were 2.8 +/- 1.1, 0.8 +/- 0.6, and 0.3 +/- 0.2 mg/l, respectively. Despite evidence of suboptimal nutriture among these Navajo women, lactational performance was adequate in terms of infant growth, milk volume, and milk composition with the exception of vitamin A which was lower than normal.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1981

Nutritional assessment of pregnant and lactating Navajo women.

Nutritional parameters of 87 Navajo women were assessed at term and in 23 of these women after 1 month of lactation. Serum levels of zinc, retinol-binding protein, folacin, protein, Hb, and ferritin and hair zinc content were determined. Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls were recorded for the subsample of 23 women. Median nutrient intakes were less than 60% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance of calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, vitamins A (lactation only), D, E, and B6, biotin, and folacin. Serum zinc fell below 50 microgram/dl in 68% of the subsample at term and remained below 65 microgram/dl 43% during lactation. Serum retinol was below normal ( less than 33 microgram/dl) in 24% of these women at term and 23% at 1 month. Low serum folacin (less than 6 ng/ml) was detected in 9% at term and 24% at 1 month. Anemia was present in 15 to 20% of the women. Serum protein, retinol-binding protein, ferritin, and hair zinc were essentially normal. Biochemical findings confirmed dietary inadequacies among Navajo women and indicate needed nutritional improvement.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Energy concentration of human milk estimated from 24-h pools and various abbreviated sampling schemes.

The concentration of gross energy in 24-h pooled samples of milk is compared with that of single samples obtained during the same period. Samples were collected from mothers exclusively breastfeeding their infants on demand. The objective of the comparison was to evaluate simplified sampling schemes for approximating the concentration of energy of milk produced over 24 h. The lowest concentration of energy of single samples occurred in milk collected between 12 midnight and 6 a.m. The concentration of energy of milk was related negatively to the volume expressed and the time interval preceding each expression. The interval preceding each expression was correlated positively to the volume expressed. These results indicate that the pattern of milk expression is important in the design of sampling schemes. Therefore, sampling schemes may not be transferable between populations with distinct feeding patterns. The highest correlation between single samples and the 24-h value was obtained from samples collected between 12 midnight and 6 a.m. (r = 0.84, p less than 0.001). The widths of the 95% confidence and prediction intervals for the equation relating values from single samples to the 24-h pools were +/- 2.7% and +/- 10.5%, respectively, of the mean 24-h pool sample value when three single samples (collected between 12 midnight and 6 a.m., 6 a.m. and 12 noon, and 6 p.m. and 12 midnight) were included in the predictive equation.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Milk composition of insulin-dependent diabetic women.

The macronutrient, trace mineral, and immunological contents of milk of five moderately controlled, insulin-dependent diabetic women were studied at 3 months postpartum. Concentrations of total nitrogen, lactose, fat, and energy were not distinguishable from those in milk of nondiabetic women. Glucose concentrations in milk from diabetic women were significantly higher (p less than 0.001) and more variable. The macro- and trace minerals (Ca, P, Mg, K, Zn, Cu, and Fe) were within normal ranges with the exception of Na which was higher in milk from the diabetic women (p less than 0.05). The concentrations of lactoferrin and secretory IgA were not statistically different from reference norms. Milk composition of five insulin-dependent diabetic women was not distinguishable from that of the reference population, with the exceptions of Na and glucose concentrations, which were slightly elevated.

Adult↗