Mild tail pinch administered to rats several times daily in the presence of sweetened mild induced immediate hyperphagia and led to considerable gain in body weight. Parallels are drawn with stress-induced hyperhagia and altered affective states in obese humans.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Stimulation bound ingestive behavior: a view from the tail.

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Animals↗

PubMed1972

[Study of water intake in abscence of orodigestive stimuli].

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Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Peripheral and central satiety factors in neuropeptide Y-induced feeding in rats.

In the first study, injection of NPY into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) caused a robust feeding effect that was attenuated by intravenous infusions of glucose, but not fructose. It is suggested that increased blood glucose has a direct central effect on NPY feeding mechanisms. In a second study, and contrary to a previous report, peripheral administration of CCK-8 had a marked satiety effect in NPY-treated rats. Thus, NPY-induced feeding is, at least for a short time, possibly subject to the satiating action of prandially-released CCK. In a final study, NPY was shown to be without effect on gastric emptying of a solid test meal.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of nonpeptide angiotensin receptor antagonists on water intake and salt appetite in rats.

Nonpeptide angiotensin AT-1 and AT-2 receptor antagonists were administered cerebroventricularly to rats and their effects on various types of angiotensin II (AII)-stimulated water and NaCl intakes examined. The AT-1 receptor blocker, losartan potassium (DUP 753), inhibited water intake evoked by central administration of AII, with the 50% inhibitory dose being less than 0.1 microgram. The functional inhibition by higher doses lasted at least 1 h. The AT-2 receptor antagonist PD 123319 also inhibited AII-induced water intake, but at doses about tenfold higher than losartan. Central, but not peripheral, administration of losartan partially inhibited NaCl intake induced by either sodium depletion, treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (CEIs), or adrenalectomy. PD 123319 partially inhibited NaCl intake induced by both sodium depletion and administration of CEI, but not after adrenalectomy. Another AT-2 receptor antagonist, CGP 42112A, likewise inhibited NaCl intake after sodium deprivation. These data suggest that both AT-1 and AT-2 receptor subtypes in the brain are involved in angiotensin-related water and NaCl intakes.

Adrenalectomy↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Sham ingestion of alcohol in rats.

Sprague-Dawley rats were surgically fitted with gastric fistulas and their intakes of 6% ethanol measured first with the fistula closed (normal drinking) and then on three test sessions with the fistula open (sham drinking). The rats were water deprived prior to the 1-h test sessions. On the second and third sham drinking sessions, intakes of alcohol were significantly increased above those in both the closed and first open fistula session. The effectiveness of the sham ingestion preparation to minimize absorption was shown by the much lower blood alcohol levels in sham compared with real drinking rats. Thus, reduction of the postingestive effects of alcohol leads to an acquisition of increased oral consumption. The similarities and differences between sham intakes of water and alcohol are discussed.

Alcohol Drinking↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of dexfenfluramine on alcohol intake in alcohol-preferring "P" rats.

The intake of alcohol, in 2-h daily sessions, by the preferring (P) line of rats was reduced in a dose-related manner by acute subcutaneous (SC) administration of dexfenfluramine (DFEN). Ad lib intake of alcohol was reduced by chronic SC administration of DFEN. The effective doses and magnitude of effects of DFEN on alcohol intake are comparable to those previously reported for DFEN anorexia. Because DFEN anorexia is related to increased brain serotonin (5HT) activity, its effect on alcohol consumption may also be via 5HT.

Alcohol Drinking↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Sham intake of ethanol in "P" rats.

Alcohol-preferring (P) rats were surgically fitted with gastric fistulas, and intakes of 10% ethanol solution were measured in 1-h sessions either with the fistula closed (normal drinking) or open (sham drinking). In water-replete P rats in which ethanol access was limited to 1 h/day, no increase in intake was noted in the sham compared with normal drinking tests in the day. A small increase was seen when the sham drinking test was conducted at night. In water-deprived P rats, sham intake of ethanol was elevated over intakes in closed fistula trials. However, in comparison with water intake on separate test days, sham intake of ethanol by P rats was lower and satiated after 15-30 min. The absence of robust sham alcohol drinking in P rats is similar to what we have previously reported in normal Sprague-Dawley rats, suggesting that preabsorptive factors alone do not account for the strain differences in ethanol preference.

Alcohol Drinking↗