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Biomedical subjects

N E Carnell

Publications and source records attributed to N E Carnell.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Thyroid nodules in Graves' disease: classification, characterization, and response to treatment.

Thyroid nodules in patients with Graves' disease are common and raise concern about coexistent thyroid malignancy. Alternative etiologies for such nodules are more frequent, and separation from thyroid malignancy is important for rational management. To characterize the types of thyroid nodules present in patients with Graves' disease, evaluate the response of these nodules to treatment, and stratify the risk of thyroid malignancy, we report on a retrospective single center study in an ambulatory setting of 468 Graves' patients ages (12-75) followed for 1-31 years (mean = 5.1) treated with radioiodine (n = 345), near-total thyroidectomy (n = 19), thionamide antithyroid drugs (n = 88), or observation (n = 18). Sixty patients (12.8% of the total) had nodules and were classified as: (1) Graves' disease with a solitary hypofunctional nodule (n = 27, 5.8%); (2) Graves' disease with multiple nodules (n = 21, 4.5%); (3) Graves' disease with autonomous nodule (n = 4, 1%); or (4) patchy Graves' disease (n = 8, 1.7%). Six patients (1.3% of total or 10% of nodule patients) had cancer: five in group 1 and and one in Group 4. Based on the response to therapy or surgical and fine-needle aspirate pathology, the remaining patients demonstrated pseudo-nodules of autoimmune thyroid disease, autonomous nodules of Marine-Lenhart syndrome, colloid goiter, hyperplastic adenomatous disease, and Hashitoxicosis. In conclusion, Graves, patients commonly present with or may develop nodules (12.6%) and the majority of these are benign expressions of autoimmune changes and coexistent nodular goiter. Thyroid cancer occurs in 10% of all nodules, 19% of palpable solitary cold nodules, and 1.3% of the total patients. If the fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) cytology is benign, it is reasonable to use nonsurgical therapy. Any single cold nodule that remains or develops after treatment needs careful re-examination due to the high risk of malignancy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Thyroid nodules in Graves' disease: classification, characterization, and response to treatment.

Thyroid nodules in patients with Graves' disease are common and raise concern about coexistent thyroid malignancy. Alternative etiologies for such nodules are more frequent, and separation from thyroid malignancy is important for rational management. To characterize the types of thyroid nodules present in patients with Graves' disease, evaluate the response of these nodules to treatment, and stratify the risk of thyroid malignancy, we report on a retrospective single center study in an ambulatory setting of 468 Graves' patients ages (12-75) followed for 1-31 years (mean = 5.1) treated with radioiodine (n = 345), near total thyroidectomy (n = 19), thionamide antithyroid drugs (n = 88) or observation (n = 18). Sixty patients (12.8% of the total) had nodules and were classified as: (1) Graves' disease with a solitary hypofunctional nodule (n = 27, 5.8%); (2) Graves' disease with multiple nodules (n = 21, 4.5%); (3) Graves' disease with autonomous nodule (n = 4, 1%); or (4) patchy Graves' disease (n = 8, 1.7%). Six patients (1.3% of total or 10% of nodule patients) had cancer: 5 in group 1 and 1 in group 4. Based on the response to therapy or surgical and fine-needle aspirate pathology, the remaining patients demonstrated pseudo-nodules of autoimmune thyroid disease, autonomous nodules of Marine-Lenhart syndrome, colloid goiter, hyperplastic adenomatous disease, and Hashitoxicosis. In conclusion, Graves' patients present with or may develop nodules commonly (12.6%) and the majority of these are benign expressions of autoimmune changes and coexistent nodular goiter. Thyroid cancer occurs in 10% of all nodules, 19% of palpable solitary cold nodules and 1.3% of the total patients. If the fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) cytology is benign, it is reasonable to use nonsurgical therapy. Any single cold nodule that remains or develops after treatment needs careful re-examination due to the high risk of malignancy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Identification, localization and developmental studies of rat prepro thyrotropin-releasing hormone mRNA in the testis.

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) plays the central regulatory role in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, but is also present in many extra-hypothalamic loci. The adult rat testis has been identified previously as a source of hypothalamic neuropeptides including TRH. To investigate whether the TRH gene is transcribed in testis, the identification and localization of prepro(pp) TRH mRNA and TRH were studied. Northern blot analyses of ppTRH mRNA in the adult rat testis showed a 2.0 kb band, hybridized with a ppTRH cRNA probe. This band was 0.4 kb greater than the 1.6 kb hypothalamic band. The concentration of ppTRH mRNA in the adult testis was approximately 13% of that found in the hypothalamus. Developmental studies of testicular ppTRH mRNA revealed that no ppTRH mRNA could be detected at the earliest stage (day 8). However, hybridization signals were detected on day 20 and increased progressively on days 35, 45 and 70 by 5.8, 6.4, and 9.8-fold, respectively. In addition, ppTRH mRNA was determined in Leydig cells by Northern analyses of elutriated testicular cell fractions. TRH was also measured in the rat testes at different developmental stages by RIA. TRH concentrations paralleled ppTRH mRNA during development. TRH was localized to Leydig cells by immunohistochemistry. These results indicate that ppTRH mRNA and TRH are present in the rat testis, especially in the Leydig cells. The changes of ppTRH gene expression and the concentration of TRH in the rat testis are developmentally dependent. TRH may function as a new paracrine or autocrine regulator of testicular function.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Preprothyrotropin-releasing hormone mRNA and TRH are present in the rat heart.

PreproTRH mRNA has been identified in rat cardiac tissues by Northern analyses and RNase protection assays with a specific rat 32P-TRH cRNA probe. Densitometric analyses revealed that atrial ppTRH mRNA concentrations were approximately five-fold greater than those of the ventricles. TRH concentrations (RIA), by contrast, were two-fold higher in ventricles. These data suggest that TRH and TRH mRNA are present in the rat heart, but their concentrations are dissociated, possibly because of differential post-transcriptional or post-translational processing. TRH is postulated to play an autocrine or paracrine role in cardiac physiology.

Animals↗