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Biomedical subjects

N Day

Publications and source records attributed to N Day.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Larynx cancer risk factors.

The larynx cancer relative risk has been evaluated (328 cases) in the stationary-native Upper Silesians (63.7%) and migrating (36.3%) male population. The particular control groups (656 men) included 418 and 238 men respectively not suffering from malignant neoplasms. The essentially higher larynx cancer incidence risk has been shown for men manual labor and exposed to the influence of various dusts, gases and vapors and other pollutants in their place of work. The increased substantial incidence risk is also true for men who smoke tobacco and are professionally exposed to the pollution. The results in regard to the consumption of raw and boiled vegetables suggest that these may be inhibitors of the neoplasmatic process in the area of larynx (although not only). The frequency of the consumption of alcohol--vodka or beer--increases the larynx cancer incidence risk both among autochthons and immigrants. Nevertheless, the data concerning the amount of alcohol consumed are less valuable here; they do not allow to establish fully reliable quantitative levels of the beer or vodka consumed. In comparison with the literature of the subject, divergent data have been obtained as far as the joint influence of drinking alcohol with simultaneous smoking of tobacco and professional exposure are concerned.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1986

Case-control study on colorectal cancer and diet in Marseilles.

A case-control study of cancer of the colon and rectum was conducted in the Marseilles region of southern France. Cases (399) and a corresponding number of controls, matched for age and sex, were included, the controls being selected from patients undergoing functional re-education for injuries or trauma which reduced their mobility. A dietary history questionnaire was used to determine the usual eating habits during the year preceding diagnosis for cases, or preceding interview for controls. The cases reported lower consumption of vegetables and oil than controls, but no differences were seen in the consumption of meat, bread, eggs or butter. The intake of several nutrients, particularly vitamins B2, B6, C, potassium, iron, magnesium and vegetable fibre, was lower among cases. However, when all these nutrients were analysed jointly and adjusted one for the other, only potassium retained a significant effect. This may be due to the high degree of colinearity between the estimated intake of many nutrients. No association was seen with fat or fibres from cereals.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Short-term effects of air pollution on mortality in Athens.

Short-term effects of air pollution on mortality in Athens during the years 1975-1982 were studied. Daily values of sulphur dioxide (SO2) and smoke, measured by a five-station network of the National Observatory of Athens, were used as air pollution indicators. Mortality data were abstracted from the Town Registries of Athens and 18 other contiguous towns within the Greater Athens area. It was found that the adjusted daily mortality (estimated by subtracting from the observed value of mortality an 'expected' value, calculated after fitting a sinusoid curve to the empirical mortality data) depends positively and significantly on the level of SO2 (b = +0.0058, p = 0.05). This relation is independent of temperature, relative humidity, secular, seasonal, monthly and weekly variations of mortality as well as of synergistic effects of the above variables with season. No relation was found between smoke and adjusted daily mortality. An analysis for the determination of a possible threshold in the levels of SO2 causing health effects was also undertaken, by studying changes in the SO2 regression coefficients after successive deletion from the regression model of the days with the highest SO2 values. Our study shows that if there is an SO2 threshold it must lie slightly below the level of 150 micrograms/m3 (mean daily value).

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1985

The dexamethasone suppression test. An indicator of depression in stroke but not a predictor of rehabilitation outcome.

The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) result was found to be abnormal in 49% of patients who were an average of seven weeks post stroke. The DST response correlated with depressive symptoms as measured by both the Zung and modified Hamilton Depression scales. The specificity of the DST for clinically diagnosed depression reached 87% for the 8 AM cortisol determination, with a corresponding sensitivity of 47%. It was not related to the patient's final level of self-care function as measured by the Barthel score, need for nursing home placement following discharge, or duration of rehabilitation needed to achieve maximum benefit. Abnormal responses were more prevalent in cerebral hemisphere than in brain-stem or cerebellar strokes. The more extensive the stroke the more likely the possibility of an abnormal DST response. The DST response is stable, with test-retest replicability being 84% at two weeks and 74% at seven weeks.

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗
PubMed1985

Assessing the impact of additional follow-up in cohort studies.

An approach is described for predicting the statistical value of extending follow-up in a cohort study. A simple approximation to the expected number of new events of interest is given. The effect of these events on inferences for parameters such as a standardized mortality ratio is approached in two ways. The first concerns the probability of reversing the conclusion of a significance test. The second approach finds the plausible range of values for the standardized mortality ratio after further follow-up that are consistent with the currently available data. Each of these values is displayed together with the precision of the estimate. The methods are illustrated with results from the International Radiation Study of Cervical Cancer (IARC Scientific Publication No. 52, 1984).

Biometry↗
PubMed1984

Agreement among Feighner, RDC and DSM III criteria for alcoholism.

Three sets of diagnostic criteria for alcoholism, Feighner criteria, Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC), and DSM III criteria, were examined to determine the concordance among them. The alcohol section of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS), which provides information allowing for diagnoses by all three sets of criteria, was administered to 484 blue collar workers. Overall, there was substantial agreement among the diagnostic systems, with 86% of the men receiving the same diagnosis by all three systems. However, more detailed analyses indicated that approximately one quarter of those receiving a diagnosis of alcohol abuse or alcohol dependence according to DSM III were not diagnosed as alcoholic by Feighner criteria. It was suggested that this discrepancy was due to DSM III criteria (as represented in the DIS) diagnosing heavy drinkers with no attendant problems as alcoholic.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Biosocial correlates of colorectal cancer in Greece.

One hundred consecutive patients with histologically confirmed colorectal cancer and an equal number of age- and sex-matched orthopaedic patients as hospital controls were interviewed about demographic, socioeconomic, biometric and medical variables. Cholecystectomy was significantly more frequent among cases than controls, but there was no side-predilection of the post-cholecystectomy tumours. The frequency of bowel evacuation was significantly higher among cases, particularly those with rectal cancer, an observation which appears contradictory to the 'prolonged bowel transit time--high colorectal cancer risk' hypothesis. No significant differences were found between cases and controls with respect to socioeconomic status, height and weight, smoking habits, use of laxatives and (for females) parity, age at first pregnancy, and age at menopause; however, cases appeared to be younger at menarche.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Maternal cigarette smoking, psychoactive substance use, and infant Apgar scores.

A study of 1,709 mother/child pairs at Boston City Hospital examined whether maternal cigarette smoking, drinking, or the use of other psychoactive substances was associated with low infant Apgar scores. The potential confounding effects of other labor and delivery risks were controlled in the analysis. In contrast to previous reports, univariate and stepwise multiple regression analyses did not identify a significant negative association between cigarette smoking and 1- or 5-minute Apgar scores. None of the substance use variables was significantly associated with low infant Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes. Other labor and delivery risks, such as short length of gestation, abnormal delivery presentation, placental abnormalities, nuchal cord, and exposure to general anesthesia during delivery, were associated with low Apgar scores.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Bendectin and fetal development. A study of Boston City Hospital.

As part of a prospective study investigating maternal characteristics and habits during pregnancy and their impact on fetal development, 1,690 mother/infant pairs were studied. Of the mothers, 375 reported using Bendectin during pregnancy. Multivariate analyses examining birth weight, length, head circumference, gestational age, and congenital malformations as dependent variables demonstrated no associations between Bendectin exposure and adverse fetal outcome.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1982

Screening for cancer of the uterine cervix in Iceland 1965--1978.

The trends in the mortality and morbidity from cervical cancer in Iceland for the period 1965--1978 are examined in relation to the screening programme that began in 1964. By 1970 over 80% of the female population under the age of 65 had been screened at least once, and by 1977 over 65% of women under the age of 75 had been screened at least twice. Mortality fell by 60% between 1959--1970 and 1975--1978, with a corresponding fall in the incidence of advanced tumors. The mortality rates among the unscreened population are more than ten-fold greater than among the screened. The greater part of the fall in mortality is attributed to the mass screening programme.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effects of maternal drinking and marijuana use on fetal growth and development.

A study of 1,690 mother/child pairs at Boston City Hospital was conducted to assess the impact of maternal alcohol consumption on fetal development when confounding variables were controlled. Level of maternal drinking prior to pregnancy was associated with shorter duration of gestation. Lower maternal weight change, history of maternal illnesses, cigarette smoking, and marijuana use, however, were more consistently related to adverse fetal growth and development. New findings in this study include a negative association between maternal marijuana use during pregnancy and fetal growth. Also when confounding variables were controlled, women who used marijuana during pregnancy were five times more likely to deliver infants with features considered compatible with the fetal alcohol syndrome.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1981

Maternal alcohol consumption and newborn assessment: methodology of the Boston City Hospital prospective study.

This paper describes the methods of the Maternal Health and Child Development of Project at the Boston City Hospital which explored the impact of maternal drinking prior to and during pregnancy on fetal development. Between February 1977 and October 1979, of 3222 women who delivered single infants, 1690 were interviewed in hospital after delivery and their babies examined by a pediatrician who was unaware of the interview results. The 1690 mother-infant pairs of whom both interview and exam are available did not systematically differ from the 272 for whom the interview only or 824 for whom the exam only was conducted. Interviews were also collected prenatally in the Boston City Hospital's Women's Clinic, from 470 women whose infants were examined. Maternal and infant characteristics are described. Heavy drinkers were much more likely to smoke cigarettes and to have used psychoactive drugs than lighter drinkers. Heavy drinkers also differed from non-heavy drinkers on several other factors which may influence fetal development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Effects of marihuana on pregnant rats and their offspring.

Pregnant rats were intubated with marihuana extract (10, 150 mg/kg) from gestation day 3 to parturition. Control animals were pair-fed. At parturition pups were culled and assigned to nondrug-treated dams. A positive control group consisting of animals prenatally exposed to alcohol (6 g/kg/day) was included for comparison of birth weight data. Marihuana reduced food and water consumption and maternal weight gain. Pup weight at birth was reduced by about 10% relative to pair-fed controls in animals exposed to the high doses of marihuana, and by approximately 15% in pups exposed to alcohol relative to their pair-fed controls. Litter size and pup mortality at birth were not affected significantly. Postnatal mortality was increased and neonatal weight was decreased at 21 days in marihuana-treated offspring. At 11 weeks of age body weights of drug-treated females but not males, were still significantly less than that of pair-fed controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Ingested mutagens from opium and tobacco pyrolysis products and cancer of the oesophagus.

Substances which are commonly sucked or chewed in two areas where the incidence of oesophageal cancer is high, the Transkei and north-east Iran, were tested in bacterial mutagenicity assays. Pyrolysed substances, opium dross in north-east Iran and tobacco pipe residues in the Transkei, displayed mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 in the presence of rat liver microsomes.

Administration, Oral↗