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Biomedical subjects

N D Gallagher

Publications and source records attributed to N D Gallagher.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

An Australian experience of hepatitis B infection, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

A review of 180 patients with either chronic hepatitis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) indicate a significant association. 40 patients with chronic hepatitis were seen between 1975-79. 6/25 of chronic active hepatitis and 7/15 with chronic persistent hepatitis were HBsAg positive (RIA). In the 41 patients with HCC, 15 (37%) were alcoholic, 10 cirrhosis (HBsAg positive), 5 haemochromatosis 5 cryptogenic cirrhosis, 2 probably due to sex steroids and in 4 no aetiological factor was apparent. HBsAg was present in 10/22 (45%) of HCC with cirrhosis, 15/256 (6%) for alcoholic cirrhosis, 5/16 (33%) for haemachromatosis and 5/30 (16%) cryptogenic cirrhosis. 8/80 (10%) who had acute viral hepatitis (B) are antigen positive at 6 months. This report shows that Hepatitis B virus infection is now a significant causes of liver injury in 180 patients studied. The majority of patients who have HBsAg positive cirrhosis do not have a history of acute hepatitis.

Australia↗
PubMed1979

Acute hepatitis B in a metropolitan population.

One hundred and fifty-three patients with acute hepatitis B infection over a four-year period have been reviewed. They were predominantly young males (60%) with a mild illness. There was no indication of the source of the infection in 56 patients (36%), while 52 patients (34%) had a history of intravenous narcotic abuse. Twenty-five patients were hospital staff members, while the remainder had known environmental associations with the hepatitis B virus. Eight of the 80 patients who were followed up for longer than six months had persistent hepatitis B surface antigenaemia, and evidence of progression to chronic hepatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma in Australia: Aetiological considerations.

This is a study of aetiological associations in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC). Thirty new patients with PHC were seen in a five-year period. The most common aetiological association was alcoholic cirrhosis. This was implicated in the development of PHC in 13 patients. However, since the introduction of radioimmunoassay for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) there have been six patients with HBsAg-associated PHC. Thus, for the first time, an association of hepatitis B virus with PHC is described in this country.

Australia↗
PubMed1979

Malignancy in a 19-year experience of adult celiac disease.

Malignancy has developed in 10 of 93 patients with celiac disease who attended this hospital from 1959 to 1978. Four patients developed lymphoma, 5 a squamous carcinoma of the esophagus, and 1 an adenocarcinoma of the ileum. Because the majority of patients were ingesting varying amounts of gluten at the time of their follow-up no conclusion can be drawn about the possible role of a gluten-free diet in the prevention of malignancy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Emerging patterns of hepatitis B chronic liver disease in Australia.

Until now, the hepatitis B virus has been thought to play a minor role in the aetiology of chronic liver disease in Australia. This is a report of 21 patients with cirrhosis and/or primary hepatocellular carcinoma with hepatitis B antigenaemia. Primary hepatocellular carcinoma occurred in six patients, five of whom had underlying cirrhosis. The disease occurred mainly in non-Australian born males, and was not often associated with a previous history of hepatitis. The death of 16 patients within 12 months of presentation is in contrast to previous concepts of the benign nature of hepatitis B associated cirrhosis.

Australia↗
PubMed1979

Crohn's disease: a review of 122 cases.

One-hundred-and-twenty-two patients with Crohn's disease were admitted to Royal Prince Alfred Hospital from 1966 to 1977. Thirty-seven had disease confined to small bowel, 37 to colon and 48 had combined small and large bowel involvement. The disease was twice as common in females as in males. Pain was the major symptom in patients with small bowel disease and was associated with diarrhoea if both small and large bowel were involved. Disease confined to the colon most commonly produced diarrhoea with bleeding. Perianal disease occurred more often in patients with colonic disease. Systemic complications were also more frequent in the group with disease confined to colon, and these complications were often multiple. Medical treatment with corticosteroids, salazopyrine or azathioprine, was generally unsuccessful. One in two patients required surgery, usually in the form of resection. Following resection, recurrence occurrred in more than one half of the patients but was less frequent in those with colonic disease. Three-quarters of patients with a recurrence required a further resection, emphasising the unsatisfactory long-term results of surgery in this disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Effect of placental lactogen on the number of intrinsic factor receptors in the pregnant mouse.

Experiments were designed to identify the factor in serum which has been shown to result in an increased number of intrinsic factor (IF) receptors in the small intestine of the mouse in late pregnancy. IF receptors for cobalamin (Cbl) were measured by determining the quantity of IF-57CoCbl bound in ileal homogenates. A Scatchard plot of the binding data confirmed that there was an increase in the number of IF receptors and revealed that there was a reduction in their affinity constant (K alpha). The K alpha for pregnant mice was 0.7 x 10(12) M-1 compared with 2.8 x 10(12) M-1 in nonpregnant mice. The number of receptors decreased between 2 and 4 hr after hysterectomy (Hx) in day 19 pregnant mice. Hourly injections of human placental lactogen (PL) maintained IF-Cbl binding at pregnant levels in the Hx mice. Growth hormone but not prolactin produced a similar response. The smallest quantity of PL which was effective was 1 microgram. Placental lactogen did not have an effect on IF-Cbl binding in nonpregnant female mice. Neither hypophysectomy nor ovariectomy affected IF-Cbl. It is proposed that placental lactogen is the serum factor which is responsible for the increased number of IF receptors in the pregnant mouse.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Liver tumours associated with oral contraceptives.

Five young women have been encountered with unusual forms of hepatic neoplasms in a ten year period. Each had been taking an oral contraceptive. Two of the four women with benign lesions noted the presence of their tumours, and another woman presented with abdominal pain. Each of these tumours was resected successfully. The fourth patient had the diagnosis made at laparotomy following the development of haemoperitoneum after an attempt at percutaneous liver biopsy. A fifth patient developed jaundice and investigation revealed a hepatocellular carcinoma which was invading the biliary tree. This experience illustrates the need for periodic physical examination of young women who are taking oral contraceptives.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1978

A specific gastrin receptor site in the rat stomach.

A specific receptor for gastrin I has been demonstrated in the rat stomach fundus. Specific binding of 125I-labelled gastrin I was localised to particles sedimenting between 250--20 000 X g. Saturation of binding sites occurred with a gastrin concentration of 10(-11) M in an assay system containing 0.6--1.7 mg/ml of homogenate protein. Gastrin binding was shown to be reversible, temperature- and pH-dependent, and susceptible to tryptic digestion. Electron microscopic and enzymatic studies showed the binding fraction to contain predominantly mitochondria. Preincubation of the homogenate with 10(-8) M cholecystokinin or secretin inhibited gastrin binding to a greater extent than an equimolar concentration of pentagastrin. Cimetidine, a histamine receptor antagonist, did not affect binding of gastrin to the receptor.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Colonic and oesophageal disturbance in a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 2b.

We report the illness of a 32-year-old male with the syndrome of multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 2b, which comprises medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, phaeochromocytoma, oral mucosal neuromas and skeletal deformity. The patient also had evidence of ganglioneuromatosis of the alimentary tract, a finding which is held to be responsible for constipation and a number of the other gastrointestinal manifestations of the MEN, 2b. Dysphagia, which has not been previously reported in the syndrome was also present. Investigations of the oesophagus which included endoscopy, radiology and a motility study support the diagnosis of achalasia as the cause of the dysphagia.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1977

Study of the subcellular localization of 59Fe and iron-binding proteins in the duodenal mucosa of pregnant and nonpregnant rats.

The subcellular localization of intraduodenally administered 59Fe has been studied in control, pregnant, and nonpregnant rats absorbing iron at different rates. Binding of iron to the particulate fractions of mucosal homogenates produced by centrifugation at 500, 10,000, and 100,000 X g did not vary among groups despite significant alterations in iron transport rates. Study of the 10,000 X g supernatant fluid showed that increased iron transport in iron-deficient and day 20- to 21-pregnant rats was associated with an increase in 59Fe binding to a particulate fraction of the mucosal homogenate. Although only 10 to 15% of the total mucosal 59Fe was present in the 100,000 X g supernatant in all groups, significant differences were demonstrated, among groups in the binding of iron to the three proteins present in this supernatant fraction. The proteins have been identified as ferritin, transferrin, and a protein of lower molecular weight than transferrin. Increased iron absorption was associated with a reduction in ferritin 59Fe binding and an increase in 59Fe bound to protein 3. Conversely, reduced iron absorption, was associated with increased ferritin 59Fe content and decreased protein 3 59Fe content. By studying day-21 pregnant rats 5 and 18 hr posthysterectomy it was possible to demonstrate a 12- to 18-hr delay in the intestinal mucosal protein response to alterations in the stimulus to iron absorption.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Role of the placenta in intestinal absorption of iron in pregnant rats.

Intestinal uptake (U) and transport (T) of a 40-mug dose of 59Fe from an isolated duodenal loop has been shown to increase from day 15 of pregnancy until term in the rat. U, 60.4 +/- 4.3%, and T, 44.0 +/- 4.6%, were significantly (P less than 0.01) higher than control values, which were 31.6 +/- 3.6% and 18.9 +/- 1.8%, respectively, and resembled those in nonpregnant iron-deficient rats. Eighteen hours before the increase in absorption there was a rapid fall in the t1/2 of 59Fe in maternal serum to 37.2 +/- 3.4 min (control, 72.1 +/- 2.4 min). Hysterectomy at day 20 to 21 of pregnancy resulted in a rise in t1/2 59Fe within 5 hr to 58.0 +/- 4.7%, followed by a fall in U and T to a degree comparable to that in rats studied 18 hr postpartum. Fetectomy had no significant effect on U, 63.8 +/- 2.7%, T, 34.7 +/- 3.4%, or t1/2 59Fe, 27.8 +/- 2.5 min, when compared with corresponding values in day 20 to 21 pregnant rats. The results indicate the importance of placental iron uptake in the control of iron absorption during the 3rd week of pregnancy.

Animals↗