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Biomedical subjects

N Clark

Publications and source records attributed to N Clark.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Penetration of gown material by organisms from the surgical team.

The routes by which viable organisms shed by the surgical team reach the wound are not yet fully understood. Bacteriologic studies show that shedding is greater in surgeons than their assistants or scrub nurses, and is increased by activity and temperature, but is primarily related to the individual's shedding characteristics. Comparison of the ability of 3 types of cotton gowns to contain the surgical team's bacterial effluent shows that the body exhaust system gowns developed by Charnley are superior to more conventional gowns. It is clear that viable organisms can penetrate very closely woven Ventile (pore size 10 microns) as well as balloon cloth (pore size 50 microns). Ventile used without a body exhaust system does not appear to increase gown efficiency. Penetration of gown material by organisms from the surgical team is responsible for 20% of wound contamination. The gown glove cuff junction is an important leakage point for organisms shed by the surgical team. A newly designed "mitt" cuff more effectively seals this area than the conventional stockinette cuff.

Clothing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nurse-midwifery service model in an academic environment.

The Nurse-Midwifery Division, with the full support of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and with committed partners in the College of Nursing, is proceeding forward with a three-part mission: nurse-midwifery practice, teaching, and research. Our practice sites are likely to remain varied but stable, with half of our clients being either Hispanic or Native American. Our commitment to nurse-midwifery education is solid, and our participation in the process will continue to take several forms, including the central one of clinical preceptorships. Our research agenda will grow. We hope our experience with GRAVI-DATA will contribute to the development of a national nurse-midwifery data base. Other future goals of our research program include collaboration in multisite clinical research projects, obtaining substantial external funding and recruiting doctorally prepared investigators.

Databases, Factual↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Expressive language development of children exposed to cocaine prenatally: literature review and report of a prospective cohort study.

It was hypothesized that prenatal exposure to cocaine and other substances would be related to delayed expressive language development. Speech and language data were available for 458 6-year olds (204 were exposed to cocaine). No significant univariate or multivariate differences by cocaine exposure group were observed. Classification and regression tree modeling was then used to identify language variable composites predictive of cocaine exposure status. Meaningful cut points for two language measures were identified and validated. Children with a type token ratio of less than 0.42 and with fewer than 97 word types were classified into a low language group. Low language children (n = 57) were more likely to be cocaine exposed (63.1%), with cocaine-exposed children 2.4 times more likely to be in the low language group compared with control children after adjustment for covariates. Prenatal cigarette, but not alcohol exposure, was also significantly related to expressive language delays.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Practice effects of a four-talker babble on the synthetic sentence identification test.

This investigation was designed to : (1) collect normative data on a commercially available recording of the Synthetic Sentence Identification (SSI) test mixed with a four-talker (FT) competitor at several message-to-competition ratios (MCRs), and (2) assess the effects of practice on SSI-FT performance at each MCR. Sixteen normal-hearing subjects responded to a total of 140 sentences during four trials at MCRs ranging from -6 to +4 dB. The results showed a marked learning effect, especially at the more favorable MCRs; approximately 60 practice sentences were required to ensure stable SSI scores. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Canine leptospirosis. A retrospective study of 17 cases.

Seventeen dogs were diagnosed with leptospirosis on the basis of clinical findings, laboratory abnormalities, and serology. This article summarizes and characterizes the historical and physical findings, laboratory data, serology, treatment, and outcome of these dogs. All of the dogs had serologic evidence of infection with interrogans serovars pomona and grippotyphosa. These findings are compared with previous reports of canine infection with Leptospira interrogans serovars icteroaemorrhagiae and canicola. The clinical presentation of these dogs did not correspond to the classic description of the disease in dogs in which concurrent renal and hepatic diseases are present. This may be due to infection with different serovars than those previously reported. In addition, this article suggests that canine leptospirosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of dogs with acute or subacute renal failure.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Power and effective nursing practice.

Underlying the Nursing Knowledge Program were the beliefs that professionals can be prepared to function more effectively in organizations and that organizations can be designed to promote better use of professional skills. The training program, therefore, included both educational and structural solutions for the problems of powerlessness experienced by nurses in the hospital setting. Educationally, the program was designed to empower the participating nurses by teaching them the analytic and interpersonal skills they needed to develop and implement plans for change. Structurally, it established new lines of communication between staff nurses and nurse administrators, linked the nurses to needed resources, and gave the nurses more control over working conditions. Due to the quasi-experimental nature of the research design used in the project, the findings cannot be generalized to all nurses in all hospitals. There is no question, however, that each of the four strategies can be a valuable administrative approach for increasing nursing power. Confirming the strategies and moving groups of nurses through a series of activities specifically designed to use the strategies can bring significant change in the perceptions of nurses about themselves and their profession. For the administrator, the strategies are a way to develop a more effective and satisfied nursing staff, to encourage new leadership, and to create a stronger constituency among staff members. They also create a new source of energy and ideas for resolving the very real problems of professional practice.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Second sight.

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Adult↗