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Biomedical subjects

N Choudhury

Publications and source records attributed to N Choudhury.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

The prevalence of transfusion transmitted diseases in renal transplant recipients.

Majority of renal transplant patients have history of blood transfusion. Out of a total of 120 renal transplant patients, 20 (16.6%) patients showed raised alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (> 45 IU) on 2 or more occasions at 2 weeks interval. This study was undertaken to estimate the risk of transfusion transmitted diseases (TTD) in these 20 renal transplant patients. Another 200 voluntary blood donors were also included as control. Both subject groups were screened by ELISA for HBsAg, anti HBc (IgG & IgM), anti HCV, anti CMV (IgM), anti HIV and VDRL tests for syphilis. A total of 11 (55%) patients and 3 (1.5%) blood donors showed the evidence of HBsAg positivity (p < 0.01). Anti HBc antibody was present in 12 (60%) patients and 39 (19.5%) donors which was significantly (p < 0.01) different. Anti HCV antibody was detected in 5 patients and in one blood donor (p < 0.01). However, anti CMV antibody was present in 4 (20%) patients and 3 (1.5%) donors, respectively. There was no evidence of HIV and syphilis infection in both these groups. High incidence of hepatitis markers were observed in renal transplant patients.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1995

Comparison of palmolein and olive oil: effects on plasma lipids and vitamin E in young adults.

Twenty-one healthy normocholesterolemic young adults, men and women, completed a randomized 30-d/30-d crossover comparison of the effect of palmolein and olive oil on plasma lipids. The subjects were free-living volunteers who changed to low-fat diets to which one of the test oils was added (used as a spread, for baking, or for frying) in turn. Complete food records were kept throughout: the test oils were compared at 17% of total dietary energy. Under the conditions of this experiment plasma total and low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were almost identical with the two oils, so that when the palmitic acid (16:0) in palm oil replaced oleic acid (18:1) in olive oil the expected increase in LDL cholesterol was not seen. These results indicate that 16:0, though saturated, is not always a plasma cholesterol-raising fatty acid. Palmolein is rich in vitamin E, alpha-tocopherol, and especially tocotrienols, but the latter were barely detectable in plasma.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

AIDS awareness in blood donors in north India.

Prevention of AIDS can only be achieved by a successful public awareness programme. This study was carried out to establish the level of awareness of AIDS and HIV infection through blood transfusion among Indian blood donors of various socioeconomic groups. A questionnaire consisting of 20 questions pertaining to various aspects of AIDS and HIV infection was circulated to 1012 voluntary blood donors. The responses were categorized as good, average and poor knowledge according to the number of correct responses. The majority of the donors were males (93.5%), married (69.7%) and belonged to the Hindu community. Of the donors, 44.4% were educated, 49.9% were highly educated and 5.8% were illiterate. Overall, only 205 (20.3%) showed good awareness of AIDS and the majority of these 168 (16.6%) were highly educated. Approximately 80% of our population did not have sufficient knowledge about AIDS or the danger of contracting as well as disseminating this disease in the community. One hundred and ninety-one (18.9%) donors were in the higher income group and only 13 of them showed good awareness. Most of the donors, 384 (38.0%), were government white collar workers and belonged to the middle income group. In this group 154 had good awareness. The majority of donors with good awareness (176 out of 205) preferred to receive HIV tested banked blood or blood from their own relatives during emergencies. None of the blood donors had any knowledge of autologous blood donations. This study showed that awareness of AIDS was not satisfactory in Indian society. More intensive public awareness campaigns by the Government with the help of Non-Governmental Organizations is required in India to prevent an explosive AIDS situation in the near future.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1995

Relationship of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) to body mass index (BMI) in blood donors: the need to correct ALT for BMI in blood donor screening.

A study was carried out on 1,028 voluntary blood donors to see how body mass index (BMI) correlated with the serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) activity. The mean ALT (U/l) values were 19.35, 27.63, 40.79 and 54.41 in the four BMI categories of < or = 20, 20.1-25, 25.1-30 and > 30, respectively. This study showed that the mean serum ALT level of obese subjects (BMI > 30 kg/m2), compared with the two categories of normal subjects (i.e. BMI < or = 20 and BMI = 20.1-25 kg/m2), was increased by 2.8 and 1.96 times, respectively. Compared with the BMI group < or = 20, there was a gradual per cent increase in the mean serum ALT in the three different BMI groups: 20.1-25 (+133%), 25.1-30 (+196%) and > 30 kg/m2 (+280%). This indicates the need to correct ALT values for BMI for blood donor screening, instead of using actual ALT values.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Effectiveness of mandatory transmissible diseases screening in Indian blood donors.

This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of transfusion transmitted diseases (TTDs) among local blood donors, the safety offered by the four mandatory tests (for HIV, HBsAg, syphilis and malaria) and to assess alanine aminotransferase (ALT) as a surrogate test. A total of 313 blood donors were tested for HBsAg, hepatitis B core (HBc) antibody, hepatitis C (HCV) antibody, HIV antibody, and IgM antibody to cytomegalovirus (CMV-IgM). The serum alanine aminotransferase levels were also done on each unit of blood. The prevalence of various markers was 7(2.2%) for HBsAg, 57 (18.2%) for anti HBc (total), 1 (0.3%) for anti HCV, 16 (5.1%) for anti CMV. None of the donors were positive for HIV, VDRL or malaria. ALT level was raised in 16.5 per cent of donors and showed no correlation with hepatitis markers. ALT was not found to be useful as a surrogate marker for routine screening of donors. Sensitive tests like ELISA and immunofluoresence for malaria antigen should be applied for screening for malaria. VDRL test may be used to detect high risk donors rather than detection of syphilis when stored blood is used. HBsAg and HIV tests should be routinely done on every unit of blood and anti HCV tests should be done regularly, if possible.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Increase of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol at ovulation in healthy women.

Plasma cholesterol is believed to vary more in women than in men, with the menstrual cycle, yet our review of the literature found no consistent pattern. We examined variations in plasma lipoproteins in relation to ovarian hormones in 12 healthy, menstruating women. Twenty fasting blood samples were obtained on alternate days over one menstrual cycle; ovulation was timed by hormone measurements. Plasma was analysed enzymatically for total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triacylglycerol (TAG). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was estimated by the Friedewald formula. The greatest effect was seen in HDL-C. Concentrations increased by 12% (P < 0.001) between the times of menstruation and ovulation and remained elevated until the following premenstrual phase. The height of peak oestradiol concentrations at ovulation was significantly associated with HDL-C in that phase (r = +0.75, P < 0.01), and with mean HDL-C concentrations over the whole cycle (r = +0.65, P < 0.05). TC and LDL-C also increased at ovulation, by 9% (P < 0.005) and 11% (P < 0.025) respectively, although the effect was more transient. This study demonstrates that consistent changes in plasma lipoproteins do occur during the menstrual cycle.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Cryopreservation of immature mouse oocytes.

Mouse oocytes enclosed in cumulus cells were isolated from antral follicles at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage. They were stored in straws at -196 degrees C by a conventional mouse embryo freezing method using dimethylsulphoxide (1.5 M) as the cryoprotectant. Overall survival assessed after removal of the cumulus cells was 93% (299/320). A significantly greater proportion of fresh oocytes remained arrested at the GV stage during culture (11 versus 1%), but the rate of maturation to metaphase II was not significantly different between frozen and fresh oocytes (83 versus 74%). The rate of fertilization in vitro was similar for frozen and fresh oocytes matured in vitro (70 versus 81%) but significantly less than with mature ovulated oocytes (96%). Fertilization of frozen and fresh oocytes arrested after germinal vesicle breakdown was similar (77 versus 95%). No evidence of parthenogenetic activation was found in the different groups after overnight incubation of metaphase II oocytes. Implantation was similar for embryos derived from fresh and frozen GV-stage oocytes matured in vitro and mature ovulated oocytes, but the loss of embryos after implantation was significantly higher in the in-vitro matured groups (frozen, 40% and fresh, 46% versus 24%). The overall survival of oocytes frozen at the GV stage was 27%. This compares favourably with the estimated overall survival of mature oocytes cryopreserved by a similar procedure. We conclude that the increased post-implantation loss is due to suboptimal conditions for maturation in vitro rather than freezing injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Effect of time between measurements on within-subject variability for total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in women.

A single blood cholesterol measurement may not accurately reflect an individual's true mean concentration. If duplicate blood samples are taken, what number of days between sampling gives the best chance of detecting the maximum within-subject variation? In this study, we analyzed 20 serial blood samples obtained from each of 13 healthy, menstruating women over 35 days. Variability was calculated as the semivariogram, which gives the average squared difference between replicate samples taken over a range of sampling intervals. Data were available for a complete set of intervals from 1 to 26 days. Variability in total cholesterol (TC) increased as the interval between sampling increased from 1 to 12 days. With high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), variability increased from 1- to 7-day intervals. In practice, our results suggest that, irrespective of the time of menstruation, the minimal interval for collecting a second blood sample for TC and HDL-C assays is approximately 2 weeks.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of haemotherapy in thalassaemias (20 years of Indian experience).

Two hundred fifty-one patients of beta-thalassaemia ranging from 3 months to 15 years of age were evaluated. They were maintained on hypertransfusion regimen and received periodic transfusions of group specific packed red cells. These multiple transfused patients were subjected to the tests for detection of transfusion malaria, HBsAg and allo-antibodies against red cells. Malaria infection and HBsAg were detected in 6.4% and 15.5% of patients respectively, while allo-antibodies were detected in 15.5% of patients. Thirteen patients (5.18%) developed hypersplenism and associated pressure symptoms due to splenomegaly for which they underwent splenectomy. Postsplenectomy period was uneventful and showed marked decrease in the frequency and quantitative requirements of transfusions and overall improvement in health. The continuing steady improvement of the prognosis in thalassaemia secondary to hypertransfusion regimen required us to transfer attention to other problems involved in thalassaemia management such as problems of hypersplenism and problems of multiple transfusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Malaria screening to prevent transmission by transfusion: an evaluation of techniques.

Transfusion-associated malaria is often severe or even fatal, because diagnosis is frequently delayed and it complicates an already serious underlying disorder. Detection of infected donors is difficult in endemic areas due to the lack of a suitable donor screening test. Blood smear staining techniques show poor results due to the low parasite concentration in many infected persons, and the antibody detection test is not helpful due to the universal presence of antibody in healthy donors in these areas. For comparative evaluation of various screening tests, 9131 blood smears from voluntary donors and a group of patients were screened by Giemsa staining. Ten (0.10%) subjects showed parasitaemia, whereas Acridine Orange fluorescence staining showed 13 (0.14%) parasitaemia in almost the same number of smears screened on the same samples. Significantly high levels of malarial antibody were detected in 12.6% and 19.86% of subjects by indirect fluorescent antibody and enzyme-linked immunoassay tests, respectively. Malarial antigen detection by monoclonal antibody showed positive results in 9.48% of subjects, demonstrating excellent results and showing direct evidence of infection. We recommend that this should be adopted as a screening technique by transfusion services in endemic areas in order to prevent post transfusion malaria.

Acridine Orange↗