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Biomedical subjects

N Cho

Publications and source records attributed to N Cho.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Experimental and clinical studies on BRL 25000 (clavulanic acid-amoxicillin) in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

BRL 25000, consisting of 250 mg amoxicillin (AMPC) and 125 mg clavulanic acid (CVA), was studied in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. Tissue concentrations The concentrations in venous serum and arterial serum of uterus, different sites uterus, oviduct and ovarium were determined. Tissue concentrations of AMPC and CVA corresponded to 45--75% and 20--50%, respectively of serum concentrations. The good responses were obtained in cases with intrapelvic infection and the overall clinical effective responses were obtained in 100% of patients. Effectiveness was found microbiologically and clinically in infections due to AMPC resistant organisms. No side effects were found.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Experimental and clinical studies of cefmenoxime in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

The study group was organized to evaluate the usefulness of cefmenoxime (CMX) injection, a new synthetic cephalosporin, for the treatment of infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. Fundamental and clinical studies were made by the society and the following results were obtained. 1. The peak distribution of CMX's MIC for E. coli, Klebsiella sp., Enterobacter sp., Bacteroides sp. and Peptococcus sp. isolated from obstetrical and gynecological infections with relatively high frequencies area 0.1, less than or equal to 0.05, 0.2, 3.13, 1.56 micrograms/ml, respectively, with an inoculation of 10(6) cells/ml. 2. When 1 g of CMX is administered by intravenous drip infusion for 1 hour, the maximum concentrations in various tissues of female genital organs were as follows: 14.2 and 13.2 micrograms/g in ovary and oviduct, respectively, at 1.20 hours after the start of administration, and 16.9 and 26.3 micrograms/g in corpus uteri and cervix uteri, respectively, after 1 hour. As for the transfer to the exudate in the pelvic dead cavity, the peak concentration was 15.6 micrograms/ml after 2.13 hours. 3. In the clinical studies, CMX was given to 258 cases with female genital organ infections and others. As for the clinical effects, with exclusion of 3 cases in which other antibiotics are concomitantly used, responses were excellent in 76 cases, good in 162 cases and poor in 17 cases, among 255 cases in total. The efficacy rate was 93.3%. The efficacy rates by diseases were 97.1% (68/70) for intrauterine infections, 88.8% (79/89) for intrapelvic infections, 98.4% (62/63) for adnexitis, and 100% (23/23) for infections of external genital organs. As for the clinical effects on causative bacteria, the efficacy rates were 100% (19/19) for single infections due to Gram-positive bacteria, 94.8% (55/58) for single infections due to Gram-negative bacteria, and 88.2% (15/17) for single infections due to anaerobic bacteria. And its efficacy rates were 89.6% (69/77) for mixed infection cases. Side effects were observed in 2 cases (0.8%); 1 case with eruption, and 1 case with diarrhea and vomiting. As for abnormal laboratory findings, lower white blood cell count was observed in 2 cases and elevation of the values regarding hepatic functions in 9 cases. All cases were returned to the normal after the completion of the administration. Cefmenoxime showed a satisfactory clinical efficacy and a potent bacteriological effect in treatment of the infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, and it has been concluded that cefmenoxime will be useful addition to the antibiotics for the therapy of these infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[A study of clinical application of cefotaxime in the perinatal period].

Pharmacokinetic studies of cefotaxime (CTX) were carried out in perinatal mothers and infants. CTX was promptly absorbed after intravenous injection, intravenous drip infusion and intramuscular injection in pregnant women, producing dose-related peak blood levels. Placental passage to the fetus was favorable. After intravenous injection, intravenous drip infusion and intramuscular injection of 500--1,000 mg of CTX, drug concentrations of the cord blood, amniotic fluid and fetal blood exceeded MICs of the main pathogenic organisms. By administration of this dose 1 to 2 times daily it is possible to successfully prevent or treat uterine infections. Passage of CTX into the milk of lactating mothers was minimal, suggesting that only minute quantities can possibly be transferred from the milk to newborn infants. Absorption of CTX in neonatal infants was prompt. The peak blood levels of 47.9 micrograms/ml were attained 15--30 minutes after intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg. The half-life ranged from 2.4--5.56 hours, depending on the number of days postpartus. CTX was effective in the prophylaxis and therapy of perinatal uterine infections.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1982

[Clinical evaluation of cefoxitin in treatment of infections in obstetric and gynecologic field (author's transl)].

Ten patients (8 with moderate or severe infections, 2 for prevention of postoperative infections) were treated with cefoxitin. The patients were given cefoxitin of 2 approximately 9 g, given once, or in 2 approximately 3 divided doses. Clinical efficacy was good in 7 cases, fair in 2 and poor in 1. Transient nausea and vomiting occurred in 1 patient when a direct intrauterine injection (1 g of cefoxitin) was given, however, no side effects were observed in the other patients. The result of this study demonstrates that cefoxitin when given massively is effective in achieving bacteriologic and clinical cure in treatment of infections and for prevention of postoperative infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[The effect of tinidazole on the anaerobic bacterial flora in patients undergoing gynecological surgery].

The various effects have been examined against the anaerobes by administering tinidazole when the operations of gynecology and obstetrics and the following results were obtained. 1. The serum concentrations after the single administration of 1,000 mg of TDZ showed 56.6 micrograms/ml of the peak value (3 hours) and 27.7 micrograms/ml of 24 hours value, and the antibacterial potency was maintained for a long duration. The concentration in the vaginal secretions was 21.8 micrograms/tampon within 24 hours. 2. The detections of anaerobes were made in 74 cases, before the administration, with the results of 1 case alone and 73 cases mixed with aerobes, 10 species and 133 strains being detected, which comprise 33 cases with 1 species, 27 cases with 2 species mixed, 10 cases with 3 species mixed and 4 cases with 4 species mixed. The main species detected were Bacteroides fragilis in 46 strains (34.6%), Peptostreptococcus spp. in 31 strains (23.3%) and Peptococcus spp. in 26 strains (19.5%). 3. The MIC values of the detected bacteria to the TDZ centered upon 0.78 micrograms/ml for Bacteroides fragilis, 3.13 micrograms/ml for Peptococcus spp. and 0.78 micrograms/ml for Peptostreptococcus spp. and those of the others were low, a lot of those being of sensitive strains. 4. The bacteriological effects on the anaerobes were, after the medication, observed to be 71.4% and found significantly more effective than 33.3% of natural eradication and decrease observed in the not administered group. 5. Clinically, no anaerobic infections were observed often operation and the therapeutical effects were observed. A little side effect was observed. 6. According to the above-mentioned results, it was observed possible to prevent from the anaerobic infections after operation in gynecology and obstetrics by administration of TDZ.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1981

[A study of clinical application of cefmetazole in perinatal period (author's transl)].

The fundamental study of cefmetazole treatment in a clinical situation during the perinatal period were made, and the following results were obtained. Absorption of CMZ in pregnant women is rapid; and the intravenous injection intravenous drip infusion and intramuscular injection of CMZ all reached their peak serum levels in a short time with a half-life of approximately 1 hour or so. The transference of CMZ to the fetus through placenta is good. It is so good that a single dose of 0.5 approximately equal to 1.0 g by intravenous injection, intravenous drip infusion or intramuscular injection can obtain desired concentration levels covering MIC of main causative pathogenic organisms in the cord blood, amniotic fluid and blood in the fetus. Therefore, the administration of CMZ with this dose and method of administration once or twice daily can prevent or treat intrauterine infection. The transition of CMZ to mother's milk is a small quantity and the transition of CMZ through mother's milk to a neonate is considered to be a very small amount. The absorption of CMZ in neonate is rapid. It reaches a peak serum concentration 15 minutes after the intravenous injection. The half-life varies depending on the number days after birth. With the administration of 20 mg/Kg, the half-life at 0 day after birth is 6.32 approximately 6.78 hours, 3.79 hours at 1st day after birth and 2.27 approximately 2.72 hours at 5th-6th day after birth. Excretion into the urine is slow on 0 day after birth and becomes rapid on the 6th day after birth, coinciding with the maintained level of CMZ in the blood. Positive results were obtained from the overview of CMZ administration in the prophpylaxis or treatment of intrauterine infection during the perinatal period. No abnormalities were noted from the examinations performed on a neonate delivered from a mother who had received CMZ during perinatal period. Judging from the various results mentioned above, 20 mg/kg of CMZ administered to a neonate twice a day at 12 hour intervals would be sufficient to attain therapeutic efficacy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The epidemiology of diabetes in childhood with special reference to the Orient: implications for mechanism of beta cell damage.

Epidemiologic studies are providing important new insights into the etiology and clinical course of IDDM as well as providing critically needed data on the magnitude of the problem in different parts of the world. The development of national IDDM registries have documented extraordinary differences in diabetes incidence and prevalence, with the highest incidence figures in Finland (greater than 30/100,000/yr) and the lowest in the Orient with Korea reporting incidence rates below 1 and Japan between 1.0-2.4/100,000/yr. The great geographic variation in expression of diabetes in childhood is strongly supportive of environmental factors playing a major role in the etiology of disease. Our studies document a linear correlation between IDDM incidence and distance from the equator and a similar but inverse correlation with mean annual environmental temperature. Other workers find a direct correlation with dairy product consumption. Factors that may play a role in beta cell damage include viral infections, environmental toxins, nutrients and stress factors. Because of the low incidence of IDDM among children living in Asia it is most important to expand the current national registries in the Asian countries and begin a careful study of the environmental differences within Asian countries as well as comparison of studies between countries with very high incidence rates and those with the lowest rates.

Child↗