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Biomedical subjects

N Brousse

Publications and source records attributed to N Brousse.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Detection of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis by polymerase chain reaction in children with Crohn's disease.

Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, the causative agent of Johne's disease (a chronic enteritis in ruminants), has been suspected to be involved in Crohn's disease. In this study, polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the presence of IS900 DNA sequences specific to M. paratuberculosis genomes in biopsies and surgical resections from 53 children with various gastrointestinal diseases and disorders. IS900 sequences were found in 13 of 18 samples from patients with Crohn's disease (72%; P < .01 vs. samples from patients without Crohn's disease), in 1 of 5 with ulcerative colitis, in 2 of 6 with severe unclassified colitis, and in 7 of 24 with other gastrointestinal illnesses. These results appear to support the hypothesis that M. paratuberculosis is involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1994

Detection of GM-CSF in the sera of children with Langerhans' cell histiocytosis.

GM-CSF induces proliferation and activation of Langerhans' cells in vitro. The density of Langerhans' cells in human tumours is correlated to the in situ density of GM-CSF, and intradermal injection of GM-CSF induces local accumulation of Langerhans' cells. Therefore, we investigated the presence of GM-CSF in the sera of children with Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH). We detected GM-CSF in the sera of all children with disseminated and active LCH, but not in the sera of patients with localized (i.e. bone) LCH. These results suggest that GM-CSF level is related to extent and the activity of LCH.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Drug induced lymphocytic colitis.

Three cases are presented of lymphocytic colitis with chronic diarrhoea concurrent with longterm use of Cyclo 3 Fort, a phlebotonic drug used in France. The histological and immunopathological features of lymphocytic colitis are described. We show that lymphocytic colitis is drug induced, particularly in one patient where the immunopathological features of mucosal immune cell activation were induced by drug rechallenge. It is concluded that lymphocytic colitis may be drug induced, secondary to a chronic activation of the mucosal immune system by one or several components of the drug.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

In situ detection of activated cytotoxic cells in follicular lymphomas.

The presence of cytotoxic cells and their activation status were analyzed in tissue sections of 26 follicular lymphomas. To this end, expression of the perforin and granzyme B genes was studied by in situ hybridization experiments, and expression of the TIA-1 antigen was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Cells expressing the granzyme B gene and the perforin gene were detected in all cases. Their density was, however, highly heterogeneous from case to case, ranging from 160 to 7,040 positive cells/cm2 of tissue sections. TIA-1-positive cells were also evidenced in the 10 follicular lymphomas tested. Virtually all cytotoxic cells were located in interfollicular areas. Double labeling immunochemical experiments showed that most cytotoxic cells belonged to the CD8+ T lymphocyte population, although few CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD56+ natural killer cells also expressed the TIA-1 antigen. These findings show that development of a malignant B lymphocyte proliferation is associated with a host-derived immune response involving intratumoral cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Further studies comparing the density of such cells with the final outcome are required to determine whether the intensity of this immune response has a prognostic value.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Donor B cell lymphoma of the brain after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia.

We present a case of EBV-induced cerebral B cell lymphoproliferation of donor origin after HLA-matched allogeneic BMT for AML. The presentation was note-worthy as this 4-year-old girl was grafted after a conditioning regimen without irradiation, with an unmanipulated, HLA-matched graft. Furthermore, the cerebral mass developed long after reduction of immunosuppressive therapy following improvement of severe GVHD. To our knowledge, such cerebral lymphoproliferation, under these transplant conditions, has never been described.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1993

Recombinant interferon alfa-2b combined with a regimen containing doxorubicin in patients with advanced follicular lymphoma. Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte.

BACKGROUND: Interferon alfa and cytotoxic drugs have synergistic effects in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In 1986, we designed a clinical trial to evaluate the benefit of concomitant administration of recombinant interferon alfa with a regimen containing doxorubicin in patients with follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. METHODS: The trial involved 242 patients with advanced low-grade follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma selected on the basis of clinical, radiographic, and biologic criteria. All patients were treated with a regimen consisting of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, teniposide, and prednisone (CHVP), given monthly for six cycles and then every two months for one year. After randomization, 123 patients also received interferon alfa-2b at a dosage of 5 million units three times weekly for 18 months. The remaining 119 patients received chemotherapy alone. RESULTS: As compared with the patients treated with CHVP only, the patients treated with CHVP plus interferon alfa had a higher overall rate of response (85 percent vs. 69 percent, P = 0.006), a longer median event-free survival (34 months vs. 19 months, P < 0.001), and a higher rate of survival at 3 years (86 percent vs. 69 percent, P = 0.02). Granulocyte toxicity was greater in the patients treated with CHVP plus interferon alfa than in those treated with CHVP alone. There were no treatment-related deaths. Interferon alfa had to be stopped because of toxic effects (fatigue and hepatitis) in 13 patients (11 percent). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of interferon alfa to a regimen containing doxorubicin increased the rate of response, event-free survival, and overall survival in patients with advanced follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, without serious toxicity, although some patients were unable to tolerate the side effects.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Low-grade mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas].

Lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT) are localized in organs containing lymphoid tissue in normal subjects (lung) or in organs frequently involved by inflammatory lesions (stomach, salivary glands, thyroid...). In the MALT, lymphoid tissue comprises B and T lymphocytes. Lymphomas of the MALT have been well defined in the gut. Isaacson has proposed a classification of these primary gut lymphomas, distinguishing between B, the most frequent, and T lymphomas, and between low and high grade of malignancy. MALT lymphomas have common morphological characteristics and a particular behaviour: they are localized in their initial site for a long time. Prognostic factors include low histological grade of malignancy and the possibility of a complete surgical resection.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Primary digestive tract lymphoma: a prospective multicentric study of 91 patients. Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes Digestifs.

BACKGROUND: The optimal management of primary gastrointestinal lymphoma including the use of surgery remains unsettled. This prospective study aimed to determine the prognostic factors of primary gastrointestinal lymphoma and to evaluate a therapeutic strategy based on surgical tumor reduction, followed by chemotherapy adapted to the histological type of tumor and tumor removal or nonremoval. METHODS: Ninety-one patients were included (mean age, 50.4 years) with mainly gastric (61%) or several digestive tract organ (18%) involved sites in clinical stages IE (43%), IIE (27%), and IV (30%). Three therapeutic groups were defined: group I, patients with low-grade lymphoma (n = 28); group II, patients with high-grade lymphoma who had complete tumor removal (n = 24); and group III, patients with high-grade lymphoma who had only partial or no tumor removal (n = 39). Each group underwent adapted chemotherapy. RESULTS: The respective overall 5-year survival rates for groups I, II, and III were 81% +/- 6%, 100%, and 56% +/- 8%, respectively (P < 0.0001). By Cox multivariate analysis, the prognostic factors of survival were age under 65 (P < 0.05), gastric localization (P < 0.05), stage IE (P < 0.001), and radical or incomplete surgery (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Combined radical surgery and chemotherapy according to histological grading is associated with prolonged remission in patients with primary digestive tract lymphoma. Moreover, compared with chemotherapy alone, incomplete resection of tumor is associated with increased survival of high-grade lymphomas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Implications of de novo ELAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in human cardiac allograft rejection.

Both cytokines produced by activated monocytes and T cells and direct cell-to-cell contact with antigen-primed T cells during inflammatory reactions are known to induce the expression of several adhesion proteins on endothelial cells. In this prospective longitudinal study, we analyzed the expression of ELAM-1, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 on myocardial allograft biopsy specimens taken from 16 cardiac allograft recipients either for routine monitoring or for the investigation of suspected rejection. Infiltrating T cells were identified using anti-CD3 antibodies. Three to six sequential biopsies taken at one-week intervals were analyzed by means of conventional histology and immunohistochemistry. Seven patients did not develop rejection during the study; their biopsies were negative for VCAM-1 and ELAM-1, although faint ICAM-1 staining was present on capillaries, reflecting constitutive expression. Three patients entered the study with clear-cut clinical and histologic signs of acute rejection. Intense VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression was detected on capillary and postcapillary venules, together with a heavy CD3+ T cell infiltrate; VCAM-1 was also expressed on arteriolar endothelial cells. ELAM-1 was undetectable in all three cases. Six patients developed acute rejection during the course of the study. In four, ELAM-1 and VCAM-1 were expressed on both capillary and postcapillary venules one or two weeks before the histological diagnosis of rejection (heavy CD3+ cell infiltrate). Importantly, ELAM-1 expression was short-lived and had disappeared by the time CD3+ cellular infiltrate was detected, thus extending in vivo the finding that ELAM-1 expression is usually transient in vitro. Only VCAM-1 expression was observed in the other two patients, one week prior to the histological diagnosis of rejection. These results suggest that ELAM-1 and VCAM-1 might represent early predictive markers of acute cardiac allograft rejection. ELAM-1 expression is, however, usually transient, necessitating frequent testing.

Adolescent↗