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Biomedical subjects

N Bourgeois

Publications and source records attributed to N Bourgeois.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

The presence of a type IV collagen skeleton associated with periductal elastosis in breast cancer.

Using serial sections of frozen and AFA-fixed tissues from 34 breast cancers, we studied the presence of basement membrane material in the areas of elastosis. Various amounts of type IV collagen but not of laminin were demonstrated in areas of periductal elastosis. In some tumors, type IV collagen accumulated beneath the basement membrane. Periductal elastosis in areas of extensive fibrosis showed focal type IV collagen immunoreactivity, indicating remnants of ducts. Interstitial elastosis corresponded with weak type IV collagen reactivity. Each tumor showed type IV collagen immunostaining of the elastotic areas, with various degrees of intensity. Negative crossreactivity of the type IV collagen antibody with elastin was verified in skin biopsies with solar elastosis. Pre-incubation of the antibody with large amounts of elastin demonstrated an identical immunoreactivity. The specificity of the antibody was confirmed by ELISA and by Western blot analysis. To explain the periductal elastosis, we propose the following hypothesis. Excessive production of basement membrane material by the epithelial cells of the ducts leads to formation of a type IV collagen skeleton. This skeleton can act as the matrix for a secondary deposition of elastic material.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMed1990

Use of somatostatin for complications occurring after liver transplantation.

Somatostatin can be helpful after liver transplantation in some well-defined indications. In uncontrolled digestive haemorrhage, a short course of somatostatin therapy can be of great help in controlling the acute bleeding and to avoid emergency laparotomy. Somatostatin could also be helpful in bilio-pancreato-intestinal fistula, but in this case its advantage over elective surgical treatment remains to be confirmed.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1990

Liver transplantation for fulminant and subacute viral hepatic failure in adults.

In our early experience, orthotopic liver transplantation was found to be successful in fulminant and subacute hepatic failure due to viral hepatitis in adults, with 66% 1-year survival rate. In the future, more accurate prognostic criteria would probably improve overall survival rate in acute hepatic failure, by allowing better and earlier selection of patients requiring liver transplantation.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Pitfalls with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA).

A 39-year-old Ugandan student is described presenting with general malaise, fever and a pulmonary infiltrate. Open lung biopsy showing infarction and positive ANCA lead to a diagnosis of Wegener's granulomatosis and a treatment with immunosuppressive drugs was instituted. Five weeks after admission, however, sputum cultures turned out to be positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The importance of ANCA-interpretation and the possibility of false positive results is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Endoscopic ultrasonography in achalasia.

Six patients with known achalasia were examined by endoscopic ultrasonography before dilatation therapy. At the level of the lower esophageal sphincter, a typical enlargement of the echolayer corresponding to the muscularis propria was observed in 5 cases. Endoscopic ultrasonography is a complementary procedure to manometry and x-ray for diagnosing achalasia. It helps differentiate achalasia from pseudoachalasia. In pseudoachalasia there is tumor infiltration.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Vasoconstrictive effect of portal blood in isolated dog kidney.

Humoral vasoactive substances coming from portal blood have been considered as a possible cause of renal dysfunction in cirrhotic patients. We have thus investigated the effect of perfusion of portal blood from anesthetized dogs on the isolated kidney functions. Both kidneys of a dog were simultaneously perfused on 2 Nizet's pump oxygenators, one kidney serving as control for the other. Renal blood flow was decreased in kidneys perfused with portal blood, as compared to the paired control kidneys perfused with sus-hepatic blood (group A experiments). Addition of polymyxin B to the portal blood restored the renal blood flow to the control level (group B experiments). No significant changes appeared between experimental and control kidneys for glomerular filtration rate, urine output, sodium and water excretion, renin activity, angiotensin II levels, plasmatic PGE2 levels, in group A as well as in group B. We conclude that portal blood of dogs contains vasoactive substances reducing renal blood flow; their action is mediated neither by the renin-angiotensin system nor by changes in renal PGE2 production. The complete abolition of this effect by Polymyxin suggests that these substances may be endotoxins.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Structure of the transcription initiation and termination sequences of seven early genes in the vaccinia virus HindIII D fragment.

The vaccinia virus HindIII D fragment is 16,060 bp in length and encodes 13 complete genes [E.G. Niles et al. (1986). Virology 153, 96-112; S. L. Weinrich and D. E. Hruby (1986). Nucleic Acids Res. 14, 3003-3016]. Six of these genes are expressed only at early times after infection and one gene is expressed at both early and late times [G. -J. Lee-Chen and E. G. Niles (1988). Virology 163, 52-63]. Transcript mapping by S1 nuclease protection studies was carried out and compared to the results of primer extension analyses, in order to locate map positions of the 5' termini of each early mRNA. The lengths of the products of in vitro transcription, from DNA templates which possess the transcription start regions of each of the early genes, were determined and compared to the lengths of DNA products generated by S1 nuclease protection and primer extension, in order to demonstrate that the 5' termini identified by S1 mapping and primer extension are due to transcription initiation and not to mRNA processing. For each of the early genes in the HindIII D fragment, transcription starts within 25 nucleotides of the translation initiation codon. The precise location of the 3' termini of each early transcript was identified by S1 nuclease mapping. In all but one case, the 3' ends map within 75 nucleotides of the putative transcription termination signal TTTTTNT [G. Rohrmann, L. Yuen, and B. Moss (1986).

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Hepatic telangiectasia and cirrhosis.

In a woman with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) (Osler-Weber-Rendu disease) who died of fulminant hepatitis B, autopsy revealed cirrhosis of the liver and diffuse hepatic telangiectasia. Her daughter and grandson also suffered from the hepatic involvement of HHT. Sufficient laboratory investigations were available to exclude known causes of cirrhosis. We review the relationship between Osler-Weber-Rendu disease and liver cirrhosis or fibrosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Peliosis hepatis associated with liver and retroperitoneal abscesses.

A 33-year-old woman was admitted because of coma and severe shock. CT-scan of the abdomen showed the presence of multiple liver abscesses associated with a retroperitoneal abscess which were drained percutaneously. A liver biopsy showed diffuse peliosis. After resolution of the abscesses the patient's general condition improved and she could be discharged from hospital. Peliosis hepatis is an uncommon disorder characterized by dilated sinusoids with formation of blood lakes. Many pathogenetic mechanisms and causal agents have been proposed. Liver biopsy is necessary to establish diagnosis. By withdrawing the offending drug or treatment of the underlying disorder, regression may be observed.

Abscess↗
PubMed1987

Palliative endoscopic management of obstructive esophagogastric cancer: laser or prosthesis?

One hundred forty-four patients with unresectable malignant strictures of the upper digestive tract were managed by palliative endoscopic methods: 116 by intubation and 28 by YAG laser phototherapy. The success rate was 95% for intubation and 100% for laser. The morbidity rate was 13.8% for intubation (perforation 7.8%, bleeding 3.4%, and aspiration pneumonia 2.2%) and 3.6% (one perforation) for laser. The mortality rate was 4.3% for intubation and 0% for laser. Specific indications for intubation were esobronchial fistulas, extensive strictures, and very long stenotic lesions. Very high cervical strictures and nonocclusive asymmetrical tumors were better treated with laser. In select cases, combined therapy can be useful. We conclude that both methods are highly efficient in restoring patency and relieving dysphagia. Further large scale randomized trials are necessary to compare functional results and survival rate.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Bleeding esophagogastric varices: an endoscopic study.

Among 857 patients admitted from October 1977 to December 1984 with acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, 165 (19.5%) had endoscopically proved esophageal or gastric varices. Among this group, varices were considered as the actual bleeding lesion in only 83 (9.7%). Stigmata of variceal bleeding were observed in 76 (92%) including 35 venous spurts, 12 venous oozes, 20 adherent clots, and 14 "platelet aggregates." In only seven cases, variceal rupture could only be presumed, because no other lesion was present. In the other 82 patients, a lesion other than varices was the bleeding source, mostly peptic ulcers (32 = 38%) and erosive gastritis (30 = 36%). One-third of the patients with bleeding varices required more than one endoscopy to provide evidence of variceal bleeding. The most frequent bleeding point was the cardia and a good correlation between variceal size and bleeding was observed. There was no relationship with evidence of gastroesophageal reflux.

Acute Disease↗