Osteogenic sarcoma of soft tissues.
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Diagnosis, Differential↗
Biomedical subjects
N Balachandran
Publications and source records attributed to N Balachandran.
Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) (short review).
Human Herpesvirus-6 is the etiological agent of Roseola infantum and approximately 12% of heterophile antibody negative infectious mononucleosis. HHV-6 is T-lymphotropic, and readily infects and lyses CD4+ cells. The prevalence rate of HHV-6 in the general population is about 80% (as measured by IFA) with an IgG antibody titer of 1:80. A lower prevalence, however, is observed in some countries. HHV-6 is reactivated in various malignant and non-malignant diseases as well as in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and transplant patients. Furthermore, elevated antibody titers were also observed in lymphoproliferative disorders, auto-immune diseases and HIV-1 positive AIDS patients. There appears to be some strain variability in HHV-6 isolates. The GS isolates of HHV-6 (prototype) was resistant to Acyclovir, Gancyclovir, but its replication was inhibited by Phosphonoacetic acid and Phosphoformic acid. HHV-7 isolated from healthy individuals showed, by restriction analysis, that 6 out of 11 probes derived from two strains of HHV-6, cross-hybridized with DNA fragments, derived from HHV-7.
Genes, Viral↗
Human herpesvirus-6 infection may predispose cells to superinfection by other viruses.
Double infection of cells by HHV-6, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) can enhance viral effects though genetic transactivation. It remained to be clarified, however, by which mechanism different viruses may enter the same cell. We have shown that HHV-6 infection of immature lymphoid cells rigidifies the cytoplasmic membrane and causes receptor proteins for viruses such as CD4 for HIV-1 and CR2 for EBV to be expressed. In our experiments, HHV-6 infected cells were superinfected by HIV1 and caused enhanced cell death. The mechanisms by which receptors were expressed after HHV-6 infection appears independent of cell membrane rigidification alone and is suppressed by cycloheximide only to a certain extent.
Cell Line↗