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Biomedical subjects

N B Grover

Publications and source records attributed to N B Grover.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Size of rat spermatozoa during maturation along the epididymis.

An electrical sizing apparatus based on the Coulter Counter was used to measure rat spermatozoa from the proximal (caput) and distal (caudal) ends of the epididymis and from the ejaculate. The typical size distribution is unimodal with a positive skew, the crescent shape of the cells precluding absolute volume determination. During their passage through the epididymis, spermatozoa decrease in size as part of maturation. Saponin causes cell lysis and chymotrypsin cell shrinkage, both effects being more pronounced in the proximal region. It would seem that, during the maturation process within the epididymis, changes occur in the spermatozoon membrane that make the cells more stable.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Factors affecting survival following radical mastectomy.

Data on 17 potentially useful factors from 152 women undergoing radical mastectomy for operable breast cancer were analyzed in order to determine the effect of each on survival and their relative importance. Only four, clinical stage, clinical and pathological lymph node involvement, and appearance of recurrence and metastases, proved to be of significant prognostic value. Axillary nodal involvement was the main single determinant of survival. Multiple regression analysis, based on factor analysis of the original input variables, was able to account for 34% of the variance in survival and is thus of only very limited use as a predictive instrument in the clinical management of prospective patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The influence fo traumatic splenectomy on the volume of human platelets.

A rise in the blood platelet count and volume occurred in 11 patients following traumatic splenectomy. The pattern of the volume distribution, however, remained unchanged. This indicates an increased rate of platelet production, with the newly formed cells substantially larger than their preoperative counterparts, and can be interpreted in terms of a humoral factor of splenic origin that is able to exert its control over the bone marrow. The stable shape of the volume distribution, despite splenectomy, suggests the presence of an organ other than the spleen that is capable of maintaining the normal age distribution in the peripheral circulation, and the liver is proposed as a possible candidate for this role. The evidence, so far, has been circumstantial and further investigation will be required before definite conclusions can be drawn.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1978

Size and size distribution of subfertile human spermatozoa.

An improved apparatus for measuring the electrical size (shape factor times volume) of particles based on the Coulter counter principle was used to characterize 110 subfertile semen specimens; size distributions were attainable in the 97 cases with a count above 1 x 10(6) spermatozoa/ml. The typical size distribution was unimodal and positively skewed. Spermatozoa maintained a constant profile during their passage through the orifice of the sizing apparatus, with an effective shape factor of 1.28. Two groups of cells were found. The larger one consisted of 68 specimens with a modal volume of 18.1 +/- 2.0 cu micron and a cell count of 27.5 +/- 9.2 x 10(6) spermatozoa/ml (mean +/- 1 SD). The smaller group contained 29 cases and had a modal volume of 6.6 +/- 0.9 cu micron and a count of 10.2 +/- 7.8 x 10(6). Samples with cell counts below 10 x 10(6) spermatozoa/ml tended to have low modal volumes (less than one-half the normal), but those above showed no particular trend.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1977

Radical mastectomy for operable breast cancer.

The experience with radical mastectomy in the treatment of 152 cases of operable breast cancer at the Hadassah University Hospital has been analyzed. An overall 5 year survival of 75% and a 10 year survival of 62% are reported and compared with results from other methods of treatment. Based on the excellent survival rates achieved and the low incidence of local recurrence (9.8%), the present study suggests that radical mastectomy is still the most suitable surgical procedure in the treatment of operable breast cancer.

Axilla↗
PubMed1977

Two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for truncated data.

A nonparametric statistical test to compare two cumulative frequency distribution functions is presented that can be used even when both samples include censored data, as is often the case when comparing the survival of two groups of laboratory animals under conditions in which the experiment is terminated before all the animals die. (Such a design can produce considerable savings and is to be recommended.) The program calculates exact probabilities for both the one-sided and two-sided alternatives to the null hypothesis, applicable to the case of equal group size, as well as the corresponding general asymptotic values; a continuity correction is employed that markedly improves the asymptotic approximation. Expressions are stated in terms of two different but related statistics, and the one that utilizes more information in any particular set of data is selected for the probability calculations. All basic equations and definitions are provided.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Volume and shape of normal human spermatozoa.

An improved apparatus for measuring the electrical size of particles, developed in this laboratory and based on the principle of the Coulter counter, is used to size human spermatozoa. The typical size distribution is unimodel, with a skew to the right. The actual quantity determined by the measuring system is electrical size (i.e., shape factor X volume); in order to extract the volume, it is necessary to obtain an independence measure of particle shape. This is done by estimating the relative contributions of each part of the spermatozoon, and gives a weighted value for the shape factor of 1.28. The mean value of spermatozoa from 25 normal human seminal fluid specimens is found to be 17.4+/-1.46 cu micronm and the modal volume, 15.2+/-1.27 cu micronm. These values are compared with data reported in the literature after correcting the latter for the effects of particle shape. Zaponin does not affect the cell volume distributions, even when used in high concentrations, provided measurements are carried out within the hour.

Biometry↗
PubMed1977

Computer study of thyroid diseases. III. Statistical models.

A binary-variable multiple-regression model is proposed for the computer diagnosis of thyroid disease. The procedure employs a multiple-regression technique in which each variable is assigned a value of either unity or zero. Unlike other current approaches, the proposed model uses only information about the patients themselves; no prior knowledge of the incidence of the disease in the population under study is required. The model was applied to data on 906 patients with suspected thyroid disorders referred to endocrine clinics in Israel. On the basis of simple physical findings and clinical signs and symptoms, the correct diagnosis was obtained in 95% of the cases for males and in 85% for females.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1977

The Jerusalem perinatal study: the first decade 1964--73.

This paper summarizes the main findings concerning Jewish births in the record-linked Jerusalem Perinatal Study. In the decade 1964--73 there were 63,638 births in which the birth weight was at least 1,000 g. The late fetal mortality rate was 9.1/1,000, and the neonatal and infant death rates were 10.1 and 15.5/1,000, respectively. The demographic characteristics of births changed over the decade, with a decrease in the proportion of high birth orders, of mothers with little education, of immigrants from Asia and North Africa, and of marriages within the same group of origin. Fertility fell, especially at the extremes of reproductive life. Illegitimacy was 1.2%. Year-by-year variations in mortality are discussed and the relationship of mortality to maternal age and education, birth order, social class, group of origin and birth weight are described. Frequencies of specific congenital malformations, infant and child admissions to hospital and various obstetric complications are also reported. Changes in obstetric interventions over the decade included an increasing proportion of induced labors, cesarean sections, forceps and vacuum deliveries, and interventions in the third stage of labor. The paper briefly indicates ways in which the data bank of the Jerusalem Perinatal Study is being exploited for a wide variety of health studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Stages in the emergence of the dentition: an improved classification and its application to Israeli children.

An improved classification of dental development according to the eruption sequence of morphological dental classes is presented. The definitions ensure that the stages are mutually exclusive and permit a clear estimate of all developmental sequences. The age distribution for each dental stage, investigated for a sample of 2116 Israeli children, was found to be normal with a small but systematic skewness; this could reflect the greater variability in age at which children leave a dental stage than at which they enter it. All dental stages initiate and terminate earlier in girls. The sequence of emergence of permanent teeth is virtually identical in both sexes except for the canines. Maxillary and mandibular incisors and canines erupt somewhat later than those in other populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Maternal, perinatal and infant health in Bedouin and Jews in southern Israel.

A study has been made of 3,745 Bedouin and 9,422 Jewish babies born in 1972-73 to residents of the Beersheba district of southern Israel (the Negev). Newborn infants weighing less than 1 kg were excluded. Thirty-seven percent of the Bedouin babies were born at home; their mothers tended to be older and of higher parity than those choosing to deliver in hospital. Less than 6% of Bedouin mothers had been to school, compared with 90% of the Jews; 30% were aged under 20 or over 34 years, compared with 18% of the Jews, and 23% were having their seventh or later baby, compared with 12% of the Jews. Mean birth weight of babies born in hospital was about 200 g lower in Bedouin than in Jews, and 11.4% of Bedouin and 6.5% of Jewish infants weighed less than 2.5 kg. There was little variation in complications of labor between the 1,959 Bedouin and 8,877 Jewish women delivered in Beersheba's Soroka Medical Center. The cesarean section rate was 1.8% in Bedouin and 4.3% in Jews, while in 0.3% of Bedouin and 1.4% of Jews labor was induced. Monozygous twinning rates were similar in the two ethnic groups (4.8 and 4.5 sets/1,000 deliveries, respectively) but dizygous twinning was twice as common among the Bedouin as among the Jews (13.0 vs 6.0 sets/ 1,000). Male births accounted for 0.526 and 0.512 of the total in Bedouin and Jews, respectively. Perinatal mortality rates for hospital births were 31.1 and 18.3/1,000 in Bedouin and Jews, respectively. Infant deaths among Bedouin (31.0/1,000) were underreported; the rate was 16.8/1,000 for Jewish infants. Although rates of all specific causes of death were higher in Bedouin than in Jews, patterns of mortality in subgroups based on birth weight, sex, twinning and maternal age were quite similar in the two ethnic groups. There were six reported deaths from tetanus among Bedouin babies. For the cohort of babies born in 1972, admissions to the Soroka Medical Center pediatric wards were recorded in 366 (195.5/1,000) Bedouin and 787 (174.3/1,000) Jewish babies younger than the age of one year. Bedouin admission rates were higher than those of Jews for gastroenteritis (119.1 and 64.5/1,000 respectively), infectious and parasitic diseases (29.4 and 21.9), malnutrition (25.6 and 8.0) and external causes (10.1 and 4.4). Admission rates for bronchitis and pneumonia were, however, lower among Bedouin than Jews in the first six months of life.

Birth Order↗
PubMed1976

Chemoimmunotherapy of syngeneic mouse mammary carcinomas employing methanol extraction residue.

Isografts of two mammary carcinomas, one spontaneously arising in a BALB/cfC3H female infected with MTV and one free of MTV (tumor D7T4S), were removed surgically from Balb/c (MTV free) female hosts, and fragments of each tumor were immediately reimplanted in situ (simulated local recurrence challenge). The animals were then subjected to treatment with the MER fraction of tubercle bacilli, with one of three chemotherapeutic drugs (5-FU, cyclophosphamide, and methotrexate), or with both MER and one of the chemotherapeutic agents (chemoimmunotherapy). The incidence of progressively developing recurrence tumors and the longevity of the animals were determined. The therapeutic effects of treatment with MER alone were ascertained by comparing groups of mice that received the fraction by various schedules with saline-injected control groups; the efficacy of chemoimmunotherapy was assassed by comparing groups that received MER plus one of the drugs with groups subjected to drug intervention by itself. MER administered alone did not reduce the incidence of recurrent tumors but was consistently efficacious in prolonging the lives of animals challenged with the MTV (+) carcinoma, although considerably less so in animals tested with the weakly immunogenic tumor D7T4S. A negative effect by MER on tumor frequency did not occur and was seen only once with regard to host life duration. Combined intervention with MER and 5-FU proved to be significantly and consistently superior to similar treatment with only 5-FU in animals challenged with the MTV(+) carcinoma. No such additive action by MER plus 5-FU was seen in mice challenged with D7T4S, however, nor did the other two chemoimmunotherapeutic regimens differ significantly in therapeutic efficacy from the corresponding chemotherapy alone in most of the trials with both tumors.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

Fertility and perinatal and infant mortality in the Jewish population of Beersheba and the Negev, 1972.

There were 4,569 Jewish births in the Negev (southern Israel) in 1972, the first year of birth registration by the Unit for Evaluation and Planning of Kupat Holim and the Ben-Gurion University center for Health Sciences. The crude birth rate was 28.8 per 1,000 population, with 130.7 live births per 1,000 women aged 15 to 44 years. Total fertility was 3.9 per woman, varying from 3.4 in the kibbutzim and 3.5 in Beersheba to 5.2 in the moshavim (collective settlements) and 3.7 to 6.3 in the development towns. Late fetal and perinatal death rates were 9.4 and 19.0/1,000, and the neonatal and infant mortality rates, 11.0 and 18.1/1,000 respectively. The proportion of males was 0.51, the twinning rate was 9.5/1,000 women delivered, and 1.1% of babies were illegitimate. Low birth weight (less than 2.5 kg) was recorded in 6.9% of births. Fifty-three percent of births were to immigrant mothers from North Africa; the remainder were divided equally among mothers born in Israel, the Asian Near East, and Western countries. The Asian immigrant group was at high risk for infant death, with a rate of 3.64/1,000 as compared with 14.8, 14.2 and 5.8 recorded for the offspring of mothers born in Israel, North Africa and Western countries, respectively. Patterns of mortality in relation to maternal age, birth order and education were similar to those reported for developed countries.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Cation effects on volume and water permeability in the halophilic algae Dunaliella parva.

Rates of change of cell volume were measured in suspensions of the halophilic green algae Dunaliella parva subjected to changes in cation composition and concentration of the outside medium. Measurements were made with a particle size analyzer and results were checked by direct microphotography. For any one salt solution, changes in cell volume with concentration were consistent with the Boyle-Van't Hoff model of an osmometer. Nonosmotic volume comprised 60-80% of total cell volume and was sensitive to the nature of the cation, increasing in the order Cs less than K less than Na less than Ca less than Mg. Kinetics of volume change in response to changes in outside salt concentration are best described by two kinetic coefficients differing by one order of magnitude and dependent on the nature of the outside cation (decreasing in order Cs greater than K greater than Na greater than Mg) as well as on direction of water flow.

Calcium↗