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Biomedical subjects

N B Genieser

Publications and source records attributed to N B Genieser.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Brain tumors in infants less than a year of age.

A retrospective examination of brain tumors in infants less than a year of age was undertaken by reviewing their charts and CT scans. In contradistinction to brain tumors found in older children, most tumors were supratentorial in location. The most common histologic types included: astrocytoma, ganglioglioma and primative neuroectodermal tumors. Apart from their larger size at the time of presentation, these tumors were radiologically and pathologically similar to analogous tumors found in adults.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

Cardiovascular disease: evaluation with MR phase imaging.

Magnetic resonance phase images are derived from conventional spin-echo (SE) pulse sequences and display properties of proton movement that occurs with blood flow. SE magnitude and phase images were obtained and retrospectively evaluated in 21 patients referred for potential cardiovascular abnormalities in which intracardiac or intravascular signal was detected. Abnormalities included intravascular and intracardiac thrombus, aneurysm, aortic dissection, flow alteration, atherosclerotic disease, and congenital cardiac anomaly. Thrombosis (six cases) was successfully differentiated from flow-related signal (15 cases) by comparing phase images with SE magnitude images; in cases of thrombosis, there was no phase shift in corresponding areas of increased signal intensity. In comparison, SE magnitude signal intensities alone were not an accurate indicator in differentiating thrombus from flow-related enhancement. Because phase images are sensitive for identifying flow, the SE magnitude signal of intravascular tumor or thrombus can be differentiated from that of flow effects with more clinical confidence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Sonography of cerebral infarction in infancy.

Six infants with cerebral infarcts were examined prospectively with real-time sonography to determine the sonographic characteristics of infarcts and their evolution. Patients' ages ranged from 1 day to 7 months, and serial sonographic and/or CT scans were obtained over a period of 2 weeks to 14 months in the survivors. Among our patients the most characteristic sonographic findings of infarction were absence of gyral definition, absence of vascular pulsations, altered parenchymal echogenicity, and territorial distribution. Mass effect, reflected in ventricular size and shift of midline structures, may also be seen and largely parallels the extent of the infarction. Evolution of infarcts was seen sonographically as gradual return of arterial pulsations and concurrent development of cystic spaces. Sonography was found to be a valuable tool in the diagnosis of infarction in infancy and in monitoring its evolution, although CT was necessary for adequate initial evaluation in older infants.

Brain↗
PubMed1988

Congenital anomalies of the lungs in adults: MR diagnosis.

Over an 18-month period, 11 adults with congenital pulmonary anomalies within the sequestration spectrum, identified either surgically or radiographically by CT and/or angiography, were evaluated with MR. These included seven patients with bronchogenic cysts, two with intralobar pulmonary sequestrations, one with scimitar syndrome, and one with bronchial atresia. In each case, MR showed at least some findings indicative of the correct diagnosis. MR proved especially effective in the detection of abnormal fluid collections (nine cases) and the identification of anomalous vessels (three cases). Fluid collections were easily identified in all cases, including four cases with high-density collections on CT (two with bronchogenic cysts and two with intralobar pulmonary sequestration), especially when single-level, multiecho T2-weighted sequences were obtained. Calculated T2 values ranged from 78 to 439 msec (average, 223 +/- 123 msec). Although T2 values were statistically significant for differentiating fluid from muscle (p = .0012) and fat (p = .0046), they were not sufficiently specific to allow precise fluid characterization. Significant limitations were also apparent, such as an inability to detect alterations in the parenchymal architecture of the lungs (three cases) or intrapulmonary vascularity (one case). Despite this, we conclude that MR may be of considerable value in the assessment of congenital pulmonary anomalies and in select cases obviate more invasive diagnostic procedures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Congenital bilateral absence of the fifth ray and vaginal atresia.

We have studied an infant with respiratory distress, absent fifth rays of the hands, and hydrometrocolpos. Congenital absence of the fifth ray of the hand is a rare malformation. In some syndromes the ulnar defects are symmetrical; however, as an isolated anomaly the defects are usually asymmetric. This patient's malformations appear to be unique in that the ulnar ray was affected bilaterally, with an associated genital malformation.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1985

Computed tomography of the pulmonary parenchyma. Part 1: Distal air-space disease.

Because of greatly enhanced contrast resolution and the advantages of cross-sectional visualization of lung anatomy, computed tomography (CT) has the potential to add significantly to the conceptualization of parenchymal lung disease. Although the value of CT has been well documented in the detection and characterization of lung nodules, the role of CT has been less clearly defined for other types of lung disease. This report describes the CT appearance of distal air-space disease. As demonstrated by the use of inflated and contrast-injected lungs obtained at autopsy, air-space disease is definable by the following: poorly marginated nodules ranging up to 1 cm in size; coalescence of nodules; air-bronchograms and air-alveolograms; ground-glass opacification; and distinct zonal patterns of distribution, including central and peripheral configurations. These patterns of air-space abnormalities are further refined by review of case material, including examples of air-space disease secondary to aspiration and primary intraalveolar disease, evaluated by the authors over a five-year period.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1984

Dyssegmental dwarfism: a histologic study of osseous and nonosseous cartilage.

Dyssegmental dwarfism is probably an autosomal recessive, lethal, generalized chondrodysplasia; it is characterized by anisospondyly , shortening of long bones, and narrow chest. Maturation of chondrocytes at the epiphyseal plates is disturbed. The pathologic features of osseous and nonosseous cartilage in a stillborn female infant with dyssegmental dwarfism are described. The cartilage matrix of tubular bones, vertebrae, ilia , ribs, nose, larynx, and trachea showed acellular areas with accumulation of acid mucopolysaccharides and no increase in collagen fibers. The findings, although not pathognomonic, suggest that this type of dwarfism may be a generalized connective tissue disorder. The abnormal synthesis, structure, or secretion of the components of the cartilaginous matrix may lead to accumulation of acellular material in both skeletal and respiratory tract cartilage.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Late presentation of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung.

Although most often recognized in neonates and young children, congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung (CCAM) occasionally appears in later years. Three patients, aged 35, 24, and 7 years, are reported. Chest radiographs in each case suggested a localized patchy density, a cystic mass, or a multicystic mass, but computed tomography (CT) best demonstrated the cystic and solid components while ruling out bronchiectasis or major bronchial obstruction. Bronchography contributed no further diagnostic information compared with CT. Each patient underwent lobectomy. Histologically, the characteristic overgrowth of bronchiolar elements replacing normal parenchymal architecture was accompanied by some superimposed inflammatory change. Each patient had a history of pneumonia, and in such patients, characteristic radiographic features should suggest the possibility of late presentation of CCAM.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Cystic renal disease in tuberous sclerosis.

The clinical and radiologic findings of tuberous sclerosis in three family members, which manifested as renal insufficiency due to extensive renal cystic disease, are described. The family was thought to have polycystic kidney disease until coexisting tiny angiomyolipomas were found among the cysts (by computed tomography in two patients and at autopsy in one). The radiologic and pathologic factors that establish the diagnosis of renal cystic disease associated with the tuberous sclerosis complex are reviewed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Small intestinal atresia and segmental absence of muscle coats.

The case of a newborn infant with small-intestine atresia coexisting with segmental absence of muscle coats leading to perforation and meconium peritonitis is presented. The theories of pathogenesis of the simultaneous occurrence of segmental absence of gut musculature and atresia are briefly reviewed. A possible etiologic role of vascular accident in utero for both conditions is discussed.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Churg-Strauss syndrome. Development of cardiomyopathy during corticosteroid treatment.

A patient with Churg-Strauss syndrome had pulmonary lesions, vasculitis, gastrointestinal tract involvement, and leukocytosis with hypereosinophilia. A wedge section from the lung showed necrotizing granulomata filled with necrotic eosinophils and fibrinoid, and rimmed by giant cells and eosinophils. Arteries and veins of all sizes were affected with perivascular eosinophilic-rich, palisaded, giant cell granulomata with evidence of partial or complete occlusion. The patient was treated with prednisone, with excellent resolution of his symptoms. Recurrent episodes of pneumonia and wheezing responded to increased levels of prednisone plus bronchodilators and antibiotics. Cardiomyopathy developed after two years while taking prednisone. His condition has been managed with digoxin, diuretics, and increased amount of prednisone. Although our patient has shown clinical improvement in his cardiac status, objective studies show minimal resolution.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Case report 161.

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Bone Neoplasms↗