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Biomedical subjects

N Aswapokee

Publications and source records attributed to N Aswapokee.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Deaths from nosocomial infections: experience in a university hospital and a community hospital.

To assess the importance of nosocomial infections as a contributory cause of death in patients who die in the hospital, we studied the hospital course of 100 consecutive patients who died at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center and 100 consecutive patients who died at Hackensack Hospital. The epidemiologic patterns of infection were similar although the institutions provide care for different types of patients. There were 88 nosocomial infections in 63 patients. When the nosocomial infection was causally related or contributed to death, infection of the lower respiratory tract was predominant in 31 of 52 (60 per cent) instances. When the nosocomial infection was unrelated to death, urinary tract infection was predominant in 13 of 36 (36 per cent) infections. Among those who died with nosocomial infection, 42 of 63 (67 per cent) patients were terminal on admission and were typically in their 60's with metastatic carcinoma. The 21 patients who were not terminal on admission were typically in their late 70's and had complications of arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Pneumonia was the most frequent nosocomial infection related to death. There is need to devise a pneumonia prevention program that identifies those at high risk and reduces the chance of aspiration of pharyngeal secretions and spread of virulent bacteria from person to person.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

HR 756, a new cephalosporin active against gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.

The in vitro activity of HR 756, 7-[2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-(Z)-(methoximino)acetamido] cephalosporanic acid, was investigated against 659 isolates. HR 756 inhibited Neisseria and Haemophilus species at concentrations similar to those needed with ampicillin. It inhibited beta-lactamase-producing N. gonorrhoeae and H. influenzae. HR 756 was the most active compound tested against members of the Enterobacteriaceae, inhibiting most isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella, Enterobacter, and Shigella at concentrations of less than 0.1 mug/ml. It was twice as active as carbenicillin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and inhibited Bacteroides fragilis as well as cefoxitin. HR 756 killed E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and P. aeruginosa at rates similar to other beta-lactam antibiotics.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1979

In vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of cefazaflur compared with those of beta-lactamase-stable cephalosporins.

The in vitro activity of cefazaflur, a parenteral cephalosporin, was determined against 590 clinical isolates. Cefazaflur inhibited the majority of gram-positive cocci at concentrations below 1 mug/ml except for enterococci. The agent was as active as cefamandole or cefoxitin against most Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis. Although it inhibited a number of strains of Enterobacter, indole-positive Proteus, and Serratia resistant to cephalothin, it was much less active against these organisms than were cefamandole or cefoxitin.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1979

Antibacterial activity of a new 1-oxa cephalosporin compared with that of other beta-lactam compounds.

The in vitro activity of (6R,7R)-7-{[carboxy(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetyl]amino}-7-methoxy-3-[[(1-methyl -1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thio]methyl]-8-oxo-5-oxa-1-azabicyclo-[4.2.0]oct-2-ene -2-carboxylic acid was tested against isolates of gram-positive and negative bacteria and compared with those of cephalothin, cefuroxime, cefamandole, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, and carbenicillin. The compound was less active than the other compounds when tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. It had equal or slightly less activity than did cefotaxime when tested against members of the Enterobacteriaceae, but was 8- to 32-fold more active than the other cephalosporins against the Enterobacteriaceae, inhibiting most isolates at concentrations less than 0.5 mug/ml. The compound was twofold more active than cefotaxime and cefoxitin against Bacteroides, and it was twofold more active than cefotaxime and fourfold more active than carbenicillin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In vitro activity did not correlate with either the presence or type of beta-lactamase in either Enterobacteriaceae or Pseudomonas. The compound showed minimal synergy when combined with aminoglycosides or carbenicillin.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1979

Comparative activity and beta-lactamase stability of cefoperazone, a piperazine cephalosporin.

The in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of 7-[d(-)-alpha-(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazino-carbonylamino) -p-hydroxyphenylacetamido]-3-[(1-methyl)-5-tetrazolylthiomethyl] -Delta(3)-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (cefoperazone), a cephalosporin analog of piperacillin, were compared with the activities and stabilities of other cephalosporins and cephamycins. The compound was less active than cephalothin or cefamandole in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus; it was as active as cefamandole and cefoxitin against most of the Enterobacteriaceae but less active than cefotaxime. It was more active than carbenicillin or piperacillin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In general, the compound was not active against Bacteroides. It was hydrolyzed by the beta-lactamases of some Escherichia coli which hydrolyzed cefamandole, but was stable to most plasmid-mediated, chromosomally mediated, inducible beta-lactamases in the Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1979

Diffusion disk susceptibility testing with cefotaxime.

The diffusion disk susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacteriaceae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to cefotaxime was determined. A 30-mug disk provided data for the susceptibility of P. aeruginosa, but yielded extremely large zones of inhibition against Enterobacteriaceae. A 5-mug disk seemed to provide the most useful susceptibility data for S. aureus and Enterobacteriaceae.

Cephalosporins↗
PubMed1978

In vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of BL-S786 compared with those of other cephalosporins.

In vitro activity of BL-S786, a new parenterally semisynthetic cephalosporin, was investigated against 570 bacterial isolates. BL-S786 inhibited most Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Salmonella. It inhibited some Enterobacter and indole-positive Proteus, but it was less active against these later species than was cefamandole, cefuroxime, or cefoxitin. It was not active against Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Bacteroides fragilis. BL-S786 was the least active new cephalosporin tested against staphylococci and was less active than cephalothin against streptococcal species. The activity of BL-S786 was not altered by the type of assay medium nor by 50% serum. The size of the test inoculum altered the minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations for inhibition of some organisms, particularly those with Richmond type I beta-lactamases. BL-S786 was not hydrolyzed by the R-factor-mediated, Richmond type III beta-lactamase, but it was hydrolyzed by type I beta-lactamases.

Amidohydrolases↗
PubMed1978

A sulfone beta-lactam compound which acts as a beta-lactamase inhibitor.

CP-45,899 [3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo(3,2,0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 4,4-dioxide [2S-(2alpha,5alpha)]] has low intrinsic activity against most Gram-positive cocci, Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas. It inhibits Neisseria at concentrations of 0.1 approximately 6.2 microgram/ml. The combination of CP-45,899 and ampicillin inhibited Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacteriaceae resistant to ampicillin by virtue of beta-lactamase activity. Combination of CP-45,899 and cephalothin was synergistic less often, and CP-45,899 did not act synergistically with carbenicillin or ticarcillin against Pseudomonas resistant to these agents. CP-45,899 acted synergistically with ampicillin against Bacteroides. Synergy of CP-45,899 and ampicillin was demonstrated at varying concentrations suggesting that it may significantly enlarge the antibacterial activity of ampicillin against resistant bacteria.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1978

Disseminated strongyloidiasis: report of seven cases.

Disseminated strongyloidiasis with associated infection from various organisms in 7 cases on corticosteroid therapy are reported. Either respiratory or abdominal symptoms or both without other obvious etiological factors are its usual clinical manifestations. The highly motile filariform larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis were demonstrated in sputum, gastric content, peritoneal fluid as well as in stool. Associated infection from various organisms were found in 6 cases and it is believed that these contributed to immediate cause of death since disseminated strongyloidiasis had been eradicated before death. Only one case survived. Thiabendazole therapy in conventional dosage is adequate in eradicating disseminated strongyloidiasis.

Adult↗