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Biomedical subjects

N Arita

Publications and source records attributed to N Arita.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Chemotherapy of brain metastases from lung carcinoma: a controlled randomized study.

A controlled randomized study was carried out to evaluate the effects of chemotherapy in patients with brain metastases from lung carcinoma. One hundred patients were randomly divided into three groups at the time of diagnosis or after surgery for metastases. Group A received radiotherapy alone; Group B received radiotherapy and chloroethylnitrosoureas (methyl-CCNU, 100-120 mg/m2, or ACNU 80-100 mg/m2, every 6-8 weeks), and Group C received radiotherapy and a combination of chloroethylnitrosoureas and tegafur (300 mg/m2, daily). Of the 100 patients, 88 could be evaluated. The reduction rates of the tumors of the patients in whom tumor was not surgically removed or not totally removed were compared. Complete resolution of the tumor was noted in 29, 69, and 63% of the patients in Groups A, B, and C, respectively. Tumor regression of greater than or equal to 50% was seen in 36, 69, and 74% of the patients in Groups A, B, and C, respectively. The difference in the response rates of Groups A and C was statistically significant (P less than 0.05). Median survival after the start of treatment for brain metastasis was 27, 30.5, and 29 weeks in Groups A, B and C, respectively. There was 1 long-term survivor (more than 5 years) in Group A, 3 in Group B, and 1 in Group C. The main cause of death was deterioration attributable to the primary lesion or systemic metastasis, and no statistical difference was noted in survival time among the groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

A novel antineuronal antibody in serum and CSF of a patient with motor neuron disease.

A patient with motor neuron disease and tonic pupil who had an antinuclear antibody (Ab) in the serum and oligoclonal pattern in IgG in the CSF is described. Sera and CSF from this patient and controls (37 sera and 30 CSF) were screened for an antineuronal Ab using immunoblotting. Only the serum and CSF from this patient contained an Ab to a 70-kD protein in the human spinal cord but not in the human muscle or cerebellar cortex. This patient's serum immunohistochemically stained human and Japanese monkey anterior horn cells but not Japanese monkey dorsal root ganglion.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Immunohistochemical localization of fibronectin, laminin and fibronectin-receptor in human malignant gliomas--in relation to tumor invasion].

In order to examine a role of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in the process of glioma cell invasion, we investigated the immunohistochemical localization of fibronectin (FN), laminin(LN) and FN-receptor (FN-R) in human malignant gliomas. The surgical specimens were obtained from 15 patients with malignant gliomas. Tumor tissue and adjacent brain tissue including tumor infiltration were frozen at -80 degree C immediately after the resection. Ten microns thick frozen tissue was cut out on a cryostat and divided into three different parts on the histology stained with HE, ie, the tumor region(T), brain tissues with tumor infiltration(I), and the border region between these two parts(B). These sections were air-dried, and fixed with cold acetone (-4 degrees C) for 5min. Adjacent sections were immunohistochemically stained by ABC method, using monoclonal antibody for FN-R and polyclonal antibodies for FN and LN. FN, LN and FN-R were all stained at the vascular and pial-glial basement membranes intensely in all gliomas. In immunostain for FN, fine networks of FN were observed in the extracellular space in all three parts. Some tumor cells were clustered around such networks of FN in brain tissues with tumor infiltration. Immunostain for LN demonstrated that the vascularity in the border between the tumor and the brain with tumor infiltration was much higher than that in other parts. LN was not stained in the extracellular space in all these gliomas. FN-R was expressed in some tumor cells, especially in the clustered tumor cells in the brain with tumor infiltration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[A case of Osler-Weber-Rendu disease with brain abscess; the mechanism of the formation of brain abscess and its treatment in Osler-Weber-Rendu disease].

A 54 year-old man, who had a hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu disease; O-W-R) accompanied by pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas (PAVFs) and congestive heart failure, developed seizure, right hemiparesis and dysphasia. A brain CT scan revealed a cystic lesion with perifocal edema in left frontoparietal lobe. A contrast enhanced CT scan showed a ring-like enhancement. Dynamic CT scans disclosed that the ring in the cortical side was enhanced more thickly than that in the ventricular side. Considering the severity of the cardio-pulmonary condition, and the deep location of the abscess, we performed an echo-guided aspiration and drainage of the abscess under local anesthesia. No bacteria were demonstrated in the culture of the contents of the abscess. After the surgery, the right hemiparesis and dysphasia were much improved and a CT scan showed the marked reduction of the abscess. However, around eight days after the surgery, the patient showed severe pleural effusion due to progressive heart failure and died on the 11th postoperative day. Autopsy disclosed a shrunken brain abscess, multiple cerebral infarction, multiple PAVFs and severe constrictive pericarditis which was regarded as the cause of death in the patient. In this report, we presented the therapeutic advantage of echo-guided surgery for the treatment of brain abscess in a high-risk patient. We also discussed the mechanism of the formation of brain abscess in patients of O-W-R disease by reviewing published cases.

Arteriovenous Fistula↗
PubMed1991

[Two cases of TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma; endocrinological, diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the disease].

Two cases of TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma were reported. Endocrinological and immunohistochemical features of these cases were described and problems in diagnosis and treatment of the rare disease are discussed. [case 1] A 28 year-old woman suffered from hyperthyroidism with a relatively high value of serum TSH (T3; 350 ng/dl, T4; 10.0 micrograms/dl, TSH; 24.5 microU/ml). She was treated with antithyroid drug and then underwent subtotal thyroidectomy. Although the levels of serum T3 and T4 were lowered to within normal range, the level of serum TSH still remained high. One month later, she developed frontal headache, amenorrhea and bitemporal hemianopsia. A CT scan showed an enhanced mass in the sellar and suprasellar region. Preoperative endocrinological studies showed elevated values of TSH (47 microU/ml) and its alpha-subunit (9.0 ng/ml). The levels of both T3 (190 ng/dl) and T4 (10.0 micrograms/dl) were near the upper normal limit. Serum TSH was suppressed by administration of exogenous T3, but did not respond to exogenous TRH, l-Dopa nor bromocriptine. Under the diagnosis of TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma, the patient was operated on by craniotomy and received local radiation therapy (50 Gy). In 1990, 12 years after the treatment, she is well and endocrinologically normal. Immunohistochemical study revealed that most tumor cells were positive for TSH. [case 2] A 28 year-old woman visited our hospital for examination of hyperthyroidism. Serum level of TSH was detectable (4.5 microU/ml). A CT scan performed at that time disclosed no pituitary tumor. Thyroid function was normalized by antithyroid drug, but the level of TSH was still high and progressively increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenoma↗
PubMed1991

[Chemotherapy of malignant brain tumors--scientific basis for combination chemotherapy].

In the past decade, many clinical trials have been explored for the search of effective chemotherapy against malignant gliomas. However, to date, no significant prolongation of the survival in adults malignant gliomas have been demonstrated by these approaches. Chemotherapy currently adds little to radiotherapy in these patients. In solid tumors responsive to chemotherapy, multiple effective agents are combined. The design of a chemotherapy regimen using multiple drugs should be planned on the basis of several scientific theories concerning with tumor biology. Among them, concepts of the alternating noncross resistance chemotherapy (Goldie-Coldman) and dose-intense chemotherapy were described in relation to application to the chemotherapy of gliomas.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1991

[Distribution and acute toxicity of a new morpholinoanthracycline, MX2, in normal rat brain after intra-arterial injection].

Intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy has been applied for the treatment of malignant brain tumors to increase the distribution of the drug into the tumor. MX2, a new morpholinoanthracycline, is a lipophilic compound, and has a strong antineoplastic effect against human and rat glioma cells. In this report, the acute toxicity and distribution of MX2 after intracarotid injection were studied using female Wistar rats weighing 150 g. To test the acute toxicity, various doses ranging 1.5 to 6 mg/kg was administered. All rats died within 4 days when received more than 3 mg/kg of intra-arterial or intravenous MX2. No rats died if the dose was reduced to less than 2 mg/kg. For the purpose to examine distribution in the brain, rats which received 2 mg/kg of intra-carotid MX2 were killed 5 to 120 min. after injection. The level of MX2 in the ipsilateral brain tissue reached to the maximum 5 min. after injection, and then rapidly decreased. The maximum concentration of MX2 in the ipsilateral brain was 25-fold higher than that in the contralateral brain, and 20-fold higher than that after intravenous injection of the same dose. The AUC (area under the curve) in the ipsilateral brain after intra-carotid injection was 8.0-fold higher than that in the contralateral brain, and 7.3-fold higher than that after intravenous injection of the same dose. These results indicate that intra-carotid administration can increase the distribution of MX2 in the normal brain.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

T98G glioma cells have nicks in DNA in quiescent phase.

Human glioblastoma-derived cell line, T98G, is arrested in the G1 phase of the cell cycle when serum is deprived. Using this cell line, we investigated the relation between the cell cycle and DNA single-stranded breaks, "nicks," by an in situ nick-translation method. When T98G cells were cultured without serum for 60 h, many small cells with condensed chromatin and scanty cytoplasm appeared. These small cells that were immunohistochemically considered to be in the G0 or early G1 phase had many nicks in DNA. When serum was added, these small cells with nicks disappeared within 1 to 4 h. VP-16, a DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor, delayed the disappearance of these small cells with nicks. This indicated that the action of DNA topoisomerase II on the chromatin is required to repair nicks in T98G glioma cells and to promote the progression from the quiescent to the proliferating phase.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed1990

[Lymphocytic adenohypophysitis. Case report].

The patients was a 27-year-old female, gravida 0, para 0, with complaint of headache and visual disturbance for about 1 month. Ophthalmological examination showed impaired visual acuity and enlargement of Mariotte's spot on the left. A computed tomography scan disclosed an enhanced mass in the sellar and suprasellar region. Endocrinological examination revealed slight elevation of thyroxin, growth hormone, and prolactin. A trans-sphenoidal hypophysectomy was carried out with a preoperative diagnosis of nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma. Histological examination showed a marked infiltration of lymphocytes and interstitial fibrosis, diagnosed as lymphocytic adenohypophysitis. She received hormone-replacement therapy owing to postoperative hypopituitarism. Twenty-eight cases of lymphocytic adenohypophysitis including the author's are classified clinically into two types; fulminant type and chronic type. The former type occurs frequently with disturbance of consciousness because of the end organ insufficiency and proceeds to death in a fulminant course. The latter type occurs frequently with headache and visual disturbances, closely related to pregnancy and the postpartum period and survival occurs with hormone replacement therapy. This disease should be kept in mind in the diagnosis of sellar and suprasellar mass lesions.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1990

Motility factor produced by malignant glioma cells: role in tumor invasion.

To better understand the cellular mechanism of tumor invasion, the production of a cell motility-stimulating factor by malignant glioma cells was studied in vitro. Serum-free conditioned media from cultures of rat C6 and human T98G cell lines contained a factor that stimulated the locomotion of the producer cells. This factor was termed the "glioma-derived motility factor." The glioma-derived motility factor is a heat-labile protein with a molecular weight greater than 10 kD and has relative stability to acid. The factor showed not only chemotactic activity but also chemokinetic (stimulated random locomotion) activity in the two types of glioma cells studied. Although glioma-derived motility factors in conditioned media obtained from two different cell origins are likely to be the same, chemokinetic migration of T98G cells to their conditioned medium was much stronger than that of C6 cells to theirs. Coincubation of cells with cytochalasin B, which disrupts the assembly of cellular actin microfilaments, almost completely inhibited the cell migration stimulated by glioma-derived motility factor. Cytochalasin B also induced marked alterations in cell morphology, including cell retraction and arborization, while the drug did not affect cell attachment to culture dishes. These results indicate that glioma cells produce a motility factor which may play a role particularly when tumor cells are detached and migrate away from the original tumor mass, thus promoting tumor invasion. Also, glioma cell migration stimulated by the motility factor requires the normal organization of cytoskeletons such as actin microfilaments.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[A case of embryonal carcinoma arising in the basal ganglia of the cerebrum].

The occurrence sites of intracranial primary germ cell tumors are most often the pineal and suprasellar regions. The histological type observed most frequently in these tumors is germinoma. Cases of embryonal carcinoma arising in the basal ganglia are rarely reported. To our knowledge, only 4 such cases have been previously reported in the literature. A case of an embryonal carcinoma arising in the basal ganglia is reported. A 17-year-old boy was admitted to our hospital on July 30, 1988 because of headache and vomiting, and a right hemiparesis. On admission, physical inspection showed no abnormalities and neurological examination revealed obtunded consciousness, a right central facial paresis and a right hemiparesis with Hoffman and Babinski reflexes. Noncontrast CT scan showed a large mass of low-to slightly high-density in the region of the left basal ganglia accompanied with midline shift and ventricular dilatation. Enhancement of the lesion was made by contrast CT scan. It was not homogeneous. Cerebral angiogram displayed a contralateral shift and an unrolling of the anterior cerebral artery, a lateral stretch of middle cerebral artery, a downward stretch of anterior choroidal artery and a tumor stain fed by the Heubner artery. On August 3, left frontotemporal craniotomy was performed. The tumor was totally removed in a piecemeal manner using microsurgical techniques. Histopathological diagnosis was mixed-type of germ cell tumor comprising embryonal carcinoma and teratoma. Postoperative CT scan showed complete disappearance of the tumor. A course of radiation of 4950 rads and two courses of a combination chemotherapy with cis-platinum, vinblastine and bleomycin were given within 3 months after the operation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Metastases to the brain--prognosis and surgical indications].

The prognosis of the patients with metastases to the brain is very poor. Based on the data obtained from the Brain Tumor Registry in Japan, relative survival rate curve of the cases with metastatic brain tumors is extremely similar to that of the cases with glioblastoma multiforme which is the most malignant primary brain tumor. Data obtained from the Department of Neurosurgery of Osaka University Medical School, the Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka demonstrated that the brain lesions were the direct causes of death only in 26% of the cancer patients with brain metastases. The result might have indicated that brain metastasis itself could be more controllable than the other lesions of systemic in most of the cases. The indications for surgical treatment of metastatic brain tumors are, in general, as follows; (1) the primary cancer is cured or to be cured, (2) no metastasis to other organs, (3) the brain metastasis is single, solitary and surgically accessible, and (4) the general condition is good enough. But recent advancement in the diagnosis, surgery and patient care are going to extend the indications for surgical treatment. Surgical mortality becomes less than a few percent. The changes of performance status by surgery were investigated in the patients treated in Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Medical School and the Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka. Improvement of the performance status after surgery was obtained in 57.8%, stationary in 30.5%, and worsening only in 11.8%.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

Recovery of gonadal function after resection of an oligodendroglioma localized in the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle: relation to pulsatile secretion of luteinizing hormone.

A 21-year-old man with an oligodendroglioma in the anterior horn of the right lateral ventricle complained of sexual dysfunction and showed lowered concentrations of serum testosterone (1.1 ng/ml) with normal pituitary function. Human chorionic gonadotropin testing revealed a good testosterone response (1.1 to 4.9 ng/ml) and a clomiphene test revealed no gonadotropin response. Pulsatile secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) was absent preoperatively. After removal of the tumor, serum concentration of testosterone increased to the normal range, LH pulsatility appeared, and the patient had no complaints of sexual dysfunction. In this patient, the loss of LH pulsatility responsible for his hypogonadism was caused by the lateral ventricle tumor compressing the surrounding structures, and this was corrected by tumor resection.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Surgical treatment of tumors in the anterior skull base using the transbasal approach.

Five patients with tumors in the anterior skull base were surgically treated using the transbasal approach, which permits removal of the tumor, repair of the dura mater, and reconstruction of the skull base in a one-stage procedure. By using autologous materials for the bone graft and pedunculated pericranial flap for the reconstruction, the intracranial structures are separated from the air-filled nasal and paranasal cavities. No postoperative complications such as wound infection and leakage of cerebrospinal fluid were encountered. The use of this surgical technique makes it possible to extirpate brain tumors that heretofore have been considered unresectable.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1989

Enzyme-immunoassay for estrogen receptors in human pituitary adenomas.

We have performed an enzyme-immunoassay for estrogen receptor on 56 human pituitary adenomas and compared the results with a single point estradiol binding assay. There was a significant positive correlation between the two assays of cytoplasmic estrogen receptor (r = 0.960). Normal human pituitaries (N = 2) had an estrogen receptor concentration of 17 fmol/mg protein by enzyme-immunoassay. Of 14 prolactinomas, 6 (43%) contained estrogen receptor with a concentration of 33.5 +/- 7.4 (mean +/- SEM) fmol/mg protein. Six of 11 (55%) macroprolactinomas were estrogen receptor-positive, whereas all 3 microprolactinomas were estrogen receptor-negative. Only one (13%) of 8 GH- and PRL-secreting adenomas, and 3 of 6 (50%) gonadotropin-secreting adenomas were estrogen receptor-positive; the latter had a concentration of 13.5 +/- 1.6 fmol/mg protein. Estrogen receptor was not detected in 21 pure GH-secreting adenomas and 7 nonsecreting adenomas. These results demonstrate the precise frequency of estrogen receptor in various human pituitary adenomas, since enzyme-immunoassay as well as single point estradiol binding assay could detect estrogen receptor even in small specimens. Enzyme-immunoassay is suitable for evaluation of estrogen receptor status in human pituitary adenomas.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1989

Epidermal growth factor receptor in human glioma.

Distribution of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor in the surgical specimen of the human glioma was studied by immunohistochemical techniques using a monoclonal anti-EGF receptor antibody. Of 11 gliomas examined, EGF receptors were detected in nine glioblastomas and in one fibrillary astrocytoma. In the majority of cells, staining was observed over the cell membrane. Nuclear and cytoplasmic staining was also seen. In four glioblastomas, EGF receptor-positive cells were diffusely distributed in the tumor tissue. In one glioblastoma and one fibrillary astrocytoma, only a few positive cells were observed. These results imply the possible role of EGF receptors in the cellular proliferation of the human glioma.

Adolescent↗