Plasma tissue factor reflects endothelial cell injury rather than upregulation of tissue factor expression.
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Endothelium, Vascular↗
Biomedical subjects
N Aoki
Publications and source records attributed to N Aoki.
[Coronary artery bypass grafting in a patient with a permanent tracheal stoma].
The performance of open heart surgery in a patient with a tracheostoma can present difficult problems, including mediastinitis and inadequate operative exposure. A 79-year-old man was admitted because of angina pectoris, and had undergone tracheostomy for carcinoma of the larynx 14 years previously. He underwent coronary artery bypass grafting with saphenous vein graft to # 8, 12. A skin incision was made from the angle of Louis to the xiphoid process and carried down through the subcutaneous tissue. The sternum was divided from the xiphoid process to the manubrium and then dislocated from the intact manubrium. Operative time was 165 minutes and arrest time was 64 minutes. Postoperative course was satisfactory and discharged within 24 days after operation. We think that in a case of open heart surgery with a tracheostoma no dissection near a tracheostoma is necessary in order to decrease the risk of postoperative wound infection and mediastinitis.
Aged↗
[Usefulness of autopsy in clinical training in internal medicine: a report on "Survey on Feedback of Autopsy Findings to Clinical Training in Internal Medicine"].
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Autopsy↗
Possible prevention of postangioplasty restenosis by ascorbic acid.
In this preliminary study to assess the possibility of using ascorbic acid to prevent post-percutaneous transluminal coronary angiography (PTCA) restenosis, the incidence of restenosis was significantly less in 50 patients receiving 500 mg/day of oral ascorbic acid than in 51 control patients. Thus, ascorbic acid, a potent natural antioxidant, appeared to be possibly effective in attenuating post-PTCA restenosis.
Adult↗
The novel protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTP20 is a positive regulator of PC12 cell neuronal differentiation.
A novel cytoplasmic protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) designated PTP20 was isolated from a PC12 cDNA library and shown to positively regulate the differentiation process in PC12 cells. The PTP20 open reading frame of 453 amino acids contains a single tyrosine phosphatase catalytic domain and displays closest homology to members of the PTP-PEST protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Transient expression of PTP20 in Rat-1 cells resulted in the expression of a 50-kDa protein which exhibited PTPase activity in vitro. Expression of the 2.3-kilobase PTP20 mRNA increased during differentiation of nerve growth factor (NGF)-stimulated PC12 cells. Consistent with this observation, stable overexpression of PTP20 in PC12 cells resulted in accelerated neurite formation following NGF treatment. These findings suggest a positive regulatory role of PTP20 in NGF-dependent neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Nucleotide sequence of a 28-kb mouse genomic region comprising the imprinted Igf2 gene.
The mouse insulin-like growth factor II gene (Igf2) is physically linked to the insulin II gene (Ins2) and both are subject to tissue-specific genomic imprinting. The paternal-specific expression of Igf2 has been associated with hypermethylation of some CpG sites in the 5' flanking region and in the body of the gene. As a first step in analyzing the structural features of this imprinted locus, we here report the complete nucleotide sequence of Igf2, including all introns and the intergenic region adjacent to Ins2. This 28-kb segment of mouse chromosome 7 exhibits 80% overall identity with the corresponding rat sequence and has a high GC content of 52%. In addition to the known CpG island within the second Igf2 promoter, another island was identified approximately 2 kb 5' to the first exon. Other features of this locus include a 35-fold tandem repeat of an 11-bp sequence that overlaps Igf2 pseudo-exon 2, and a B2 repeat element in the intergenic region between Ins2 and Igf2. The GC-richness and the presence of CpG islands associated with tandem repeats are common features of imprinted genes and thus may play a role in the imprinting mechanism.
Animals↗
Establishment and characterization of a Chinese hamster ovary cell line, CHO-4J, stably expressing a number of Na+/I- symporters.
The cDNA of the Na+/I- symporter playing a key role in thyroid iodide transport was cloned very recently. To characterize its function, we transfected the Na+/I- symporter gene into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and established a cell line stably expressing a number of rat Na+/I- symporters, named CHO-4J. Iodide uptake was dependent on [Na+] and reached a plateau within 30 min. Kinetic studies revealed that the K(m) for iodide was 35 microM, similar to that of FRTL-5 thyroid cells. The maximal velocity (Vmax) at cell protein level was 6-10-fold higher than in FRTL-5 cells and that at single cell level was approximately 1000-fold higher. CIO4- and SCN- dose-dependently inhibited iodide uptake in a competitive manner. The Ki was 1.5 and 16 microM, respectively. Iodide efflux from CHO-4J cells was apparently slower (t1/2 = 15 min) than FRTL-5 cells (t/2 = 2 min). Electrophysiological characteristics were examined using the whole cell patch clamp technique. Rapid inward current was observed when CHO-4J cells were perfused with 50-1000 microM Nal, suggesting a transport stoichiometry of at least 2 Na+ per I-. The current-voltage relation revealed that this current was membrane potential-dependent. The reversal potential was very close to that of Na+ in agreement with dependency on the Na+ electrochemical gradient. CHO-4J cells with a slow iodide efflux, expressing a number of Na+/I-symporters whose characteristics are identical to those of FRTL-5 cells will function as a new tool for sensitive of iodide uptake.
Animals↗
Interactions between insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and the renin-angiotensin system in follicular growth and ovulation.
The interactions between insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in follicular growth and ovulation were studied with the use of an isolated perfused rabbit ovary preparation. Ovulation failed to occur in either control ovaries or the experimental ovaries perfused with IGF-I in a concentration of 1, 10, or 100 ng/ml in the absence of gonadotropin. Exposure to IGF-I stimulated the secretion rate of angiotensin II-like immunoreactivity (Ang II-IR) in perfused rabbit ovaries in a dose-dependent manner. The percent increase in follicle diameter in ovaries perfused with IGF-I for 12 h was significantly correlated with the secretion rate of Ang II-IR at 12 h after exposure to IGF-I. The addition of IGFBP-3 to the perfusate did not induce ovulation in the absence of gonadotropin, but exposure to IGFBP-3 inhibited hCG-induced ovulation in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, IGFBP-3 significantly reduced the ovarian secretion rate of Ang II-IR and prostaglandins stimulated by hCG administration. Intrafollicular plasminogen activator (PA) activity significantly increased within 4 h after exposure to 100 ng/ml of IGF-I, compared with that in control ovaries perfused with medium alone. The concomitant addition of IGFBP-3 to the perfusate significantly reduced the IGF-I-stimulated PA activity in the preovulatory follicles at 4, 6, and 8 h after exposure to IGF-I. However, IGFBP-3 alone affected neither the ovarian secretion rate of Ang II-IR nor intrafollicular PA activity. Exposure to streptokinase, an exogenous PA, in vitro stimulated both follicular growth and the intrafollicular Ang II-IR content. In conclusion, IGF-I enhances both ovarian Ang II production and follicular development by stimulating intrafollicular PA activity.
Angiotensin II↗
The role of the B7-1a molecule, an alternatively spliced form of murine B7-1 (CD80), on T cell activation.
B7 molecules (CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2/B70)) on APCs provide costimulatory signals for T cell proliferation. We previously described the presence of an alternatively spliced form of murine CD80 (previously termed MB7-2 and renamed as B7-1a) that completely lacks the second Ig-like domain coded by exon 3 in activated murine B cells. in this study, we first examined whether B7-1a mRNA can be detected in vivo by RNase protection assay. The expression of B7-1a mRNA was only detected in lymphoid organs although the level of expression was lesser than that of CD80 mRNA. However, we demonstrated that the expression of B7-1a mRNA like CD80 mRNA was considerably augmented in spleen cells treated with either LPS in vitro or OVA/CFA conjugate in vivo. We next determined the functional activity of B7-1a using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected by B7 genes. When resting T cells were cocultured with CHO cells expressing B7-1a molecules in the presence of PMA/ionomycin, T cell proliferation was not detected, while CHO cells either expressing CD80 or CD86 could promote the proliferation of resting T cells. in contrast to resting T cells, CHO cells expressing B7-1a could support the proliferation of activated T cells. Thus, costimulatory activity of B7-1a molecules was dependent upon the activation stage of T cells. Therefore the IgV-like region of CD80 contains a critical region for functional interaction with its ligands and can transduce a costimulatory signal for T cell proliferation.
Alternative Splicing↗
Cloning of the rice seed alpha-globulin-encoding gene: sequence similarity of the 5'-flanking region to those of the genes encoding wheat high-molecular-weight glutenin and barley D hordein.
A genomic clone encoding the rice endosperm major globulin (alpha-globulin) with an apparent molecular mass of 26 kDa was isolated, and its nucleotide (nt) sequence and transcription start point (tsp) were determined. The tsp was identical to that of the gene encoding the wheat high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin subunit. The consensus '-300 element' and an A + T-rich sequence exist upstream from the TATA box in the 5'-flanking region. A nt sequence of about 130 bp in the 5'-flanking region was found to be markedly homologous to those of the genes encoding the wheat HMW glutenin subunit and barley D hordein.
Alpha-Globulins↗
Heterozygote for plasmin inhibitor deficiency developing hemorrhagic tendency with advancing age.
A heterozygote for congenital deficiency of plasma plasmin in inhibitor had hemorrhagic episodes repeatedly after the age of 79. Before the age of 79, he had not exhibited any hemorrhagic tendency and did not have abnormal bleeding even after surgical operations. Although heterozygotes for congenital deficiency of this inhibitor usually have no or only a mild hemorrhagic tendency, this case suggests that they may exhibit severe hemorrhagic tendency when they reach advanced ages because of age-related vascular changes producing hemostatic imbalance.
Aged↗
Platelet-dependent thrombin generation in patients with diabetes mellitus: effects of glycemic control on coagulability in diabetes.
OBJECTIVES: This study sought to assess the usefulness of platelet-dependent thrombin generation as an index of coagulability in diabetes and to determine the effect of glycemic control on coagulability in diabetes. BACKGROUND: It is important to investigate the interaction of platelets and the coagulation factors to clarify the processes of the coagulation system in detail. METHODS: Platelet-rich plasma (150 X 10(9)/liter), 0.5 ml, was prepared, and 40 mmol/liter of calcium chloride was added to initiate clotting. S-2238 was added to each sample in a microtiter plate every 10 min, and the absorbance of the released color product at 2 min was measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 405 nm using a microtiter plate reader as thrombin generation. We measured the platelet-independent thrombin generation in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus grouped according to glycemic control. RESULTS: Platelet-dependent thrombin generation at 30 min after calcium chloride addition was significantly higher in 23 patients with poorly glycemic-controlled non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus without complications, such as diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy (hemoglobin [Hb] A1c >/= 9.0%) than in 46 healthy normal subjects (448 +/- 75 vs. 165 +/- 28 mU/min, p < 0.001). Thrombin generation in 31 well controlled diabetic patients without complications (Hb A1c < 9.0%) was intermediate (240 +/- 72 mU/min) between those of the poorly controlled group and healthy normal subjects. Platelet-poor plasma from diabetic patients increased platelet-dependent thrombin generation in normal subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Coagulability is evidently enhanced in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus compared with that in healthy normal subjects on the basis of assessments of the platelet-dependent thrombin generation, and good glycemic control may help to correct a hypercoagulable state in diabetic patients.
Adolescent↗
Antibody against synthetic multiple antigen peptides (MAP) of JC virus capsid protein (VP1) without cross reaction to BK virus: a diagnostic tool for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.
Antibody against JC virus (JCV) was raised in rabbits with the use of synthetic multiple antigen peptides. The peptide sequences were derived from three regions of JCV VP1 protein, which showed less similarity with BK virus (BKV) counterpart. The antibodies raised with these peptides were designated as JCAb1, 2 and 3. JCAb1 specifically reacted with JCV and not with BKV, while JCAb2 and 3 reacted both with JCV and BKV. All of these antibodies reacted with JCV antigen of formalin-fixed paraffin sections of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) brain tissue. As JCAb1 is JCV-specific and reacted with JCV in formalin-fixed paraffin sections, it will contribute not only to rapid and accurate immunohistochemical diagnoses of PML but also to clarification of the pathogenesis of JCV infection.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
The same nuclear proteins bind to the 5'-flanking regions of genes for the rice seed storage protein: 16 kDa albumin, 13 kDa prolamin and type II glutelin.
Expression of rice seed storage-protein genes is dramatically regulated over a short period of seed maturation. To characterize the expression mechanism of the rice seed storage protein genes, their expression of major storage protein genes (16 kDa albumin, 13 kDa prolamin and type II glutelin) were compared by RNA blot analysis. Their coordinate expression suggests that the transcriptional regulatory machinery is shared among the glutelin, prolamin and albumin-genes. We isolated two novel genomic genes for prolamins (PG5a and PG5b) and obtained the promoter region of the glutelin gene by PCR. The 5'-flanking regions of these three rice seed storage protein genes were found to contain some similar conserved sequences. Nuclear extract partially purified from maturing rice seeds was used for the gel shift assay of the 5' region of the RA gene. We identified two DNA sequences of RA gene which were recognized by independent DNA-binding proteins. The complexes of these DNA sequences and DNA-binding proteins were inhibited by the fragments containing the 5' regions of the prolamin and glutelin genes, suggesting that these three genes share transcription factors.
Albumins↗
Induction of thrombolysis and prevention of thrombus formation by local drug delivery with a double-occlusion balloon catheter.
The efficacy of the local delivery of an antithrombotic drug in preventing thrombosis and enabling thrombolysis was investigated in 29 dogs. An antithrombotic drug (heparin, 25 U/kg), or an antithrombin (argatroban, 0.05 mg/kg) was infused into injured canine iliac arteries, using a double-occlusion balloon catheter, and the preventive effect of the drug was evaluated. Local delivery of low-dose tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA; Tisokinase, 50,000 U; Kowa, Nagoya and Asahi Chemical Industries, Fuji, Japan) into thrombosed canine iliac arteries, using the same catheter, or intravenous infusion of low-dose or high-dose t-PA (30,000 U/kg) was also performed. Angiographically, stenotic thrombosis was 2% by local delivery of argatroban and 7% by local delivery of heparin (P < 0.01 vs each control; 47% and 51% respectively). Thrombotic stenosis, as observed by angiography, decreased from 91% to 9% after local delivery of t-PA, and from 94% to 52% in controls. Local delivery of t-PA effectively reduced the thrombus size (P < 0.01 vs control). After systemic intravenous delivery of low-dose t-PA, no reduction of residual thrombotic stenosis, was observed. Reduction of residual thrombotic stenosis after intravenous delivery of high-dose t-PA, was similar to that achieved by local delivery of the drug. Angioscopy demonstrated a similar trend. High-dose drug delivery reduced systemic coagulability. Local delivery of an antithrombotic drug, using a double-occlusion balloon catheter, effectively prevented thrombus formation, and local delivery of t-PA induced thrombolysis without exerting a significant influence on coagulability.
Angioscopy↗
Local treatment with an antithrombotic drug reduces thrombus size in coronary and peripheral thrombosed arteries.
Since the treatment of thrombotic disease by antithrombotic drugs may be associated with bleeding complications, a local delivery technique for administration of the drug may be useful. The efficacy of low-dose local delivery of an antithrombotic drug on thrombosis was investigated in 73 dogs. The antithrombotic drug (heparin, 25 U/kg, antithrombin: argatroban, 0.05 mg/kg, or defibrinogenating agent: batroxobin, 0.05 U/kg) was infused locally to a 1-h-old thrombus, and no drug was given in controls. The effect of the local delivery on the thrombus was evaluated. Low- and high-dose systemic drug delivery was also evaluated. The mean reduction in thrombotic coronary stenosis observed by angiography was 30.3% with argatroban, 22% with heparin, and 20.8% with batroxobin (P < 0.005 vs controls). Systemic delivery of low-dose heparin or argatroban did not induce any change in thrombus size. With high-dose systemic drug delivery (heparin 250 U/kg, argatroban 0.5 mg/kg), the mean reduction of thrombotic stenosis was 15.2% with heparin and 32.8% with argatroban (P < 0.005 vs controls). In the iliac arterial thrombosis, after local delivery of the drugs, the mean reduction of thrombotic stenosis observed by angiography was 24.4% in the argatroban group, and 19.2% in the heparin group (P < 0.05 vs controls, respectively). With high-dose systemic heparin delivery, the mean reduction of the thrombotic stenosis was 13.2% (P < 0.01 vs control). Angioscopy also demonstrated a similar trend. The high-dose drug delivery reduced systemic coagulability. Thus, local delivery of an antithrombotic agent can reduce the thrombus size in the coronary and iliac arteries without having any significant influence on coagulability.
Angioscopy↗
Hair-braiding closure for superficial wounds.
A superficial scalp wound can be approximated by tying the hair on each edge of the wound, without shaving or using suture material. This technique is useful in selected patients with lacerated scalp wounds, and its technical details and indications are described.
Craniocerebral Trauma↗
Superoxide dismutase activity as a predictor of myocardial reperfusion and salvage in acute myocardial infarction.
We attempted to predict successful myocardial reperfusion and salvage in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by using measurements of plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD), a plasma free-radical scavenger, activity. Forty-nine patients with AMI were studied within 6 hours of symptoms onset. In group 1 (n = 26), primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was undertaken, and plasma SOD activity was measured for 8 hours by the nitrite method. Left ventricular (LV) angiography was assessed before and 3 months after PTCA by computer LV contraction analysis. In group 2 (n = 23), TPA was infused intravenously over a 60-minute period, and plasma SOD activity was measured before and immediately after TPA infusion. In group 1, occluded coronary arteries were successfully dilated in 24 of 26 patients, and plasma SOD activity increased from 3.20 +/- 0.17 microns/ml to 4.66 +/- 0.29 microns/ml at 1 hour after PTCA (p < 0.001), returning to the basal level by 8 hours after PTCA. Plasma SOD activity did not significantly change patients with unsuccessful PTCA or those with the no-reflow phenomenon. The maximal increase in plasma SOD activity was significantly correlated with the grade of improvement in LV contraction (r = 0.852, p < 0.001). In group 2, the sensitivity and specificity of predicting coronary recanalization was 86% and 89%, respectively. In conclusion, myocardial reperfusion and salvage in AMI can be predicted by changes in plasma SOD activity.
Aged↗