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Biomedical subjects

N Aoki

Publications and source records attributed to N Aoki.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Histidine-rich glycoprotein and alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor in inhibition of plasminogen binding to fibrin.

The plasma proteins alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor and histidine-rich glycoprotein were compared directly with respect to their effectiveness in inhibiting the binding of plasminogen to fibrin under the same experimental conditions. At their physiological concentrations, the presence of alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor more markedly decreased the binding of plasminogen to fibrin than histidine-rich glycoprotein. Significance of these findings in inhibition of fibrinolysis is discussed.

Depression, Chemical↗
PubMed1984

Differences of frequency distributions of plasminogen phenotypes between Japanese and American populations: new methods for the detection of plasminogen variants.

Frequency distributions of various plasminogen phenotypes in Japanese and American white populations were studied using electrofocusing in polyacrylamide gels followed by zymography and immunofixation. Using a synthetic substrate, tosyl-lysine-alpha-naphthyl ester, for zymography allowed zymography and immunofixation to be performed sequentially on the same gel plate. By this method, a nonfunctional abnormal plasminogen variant, plasminogen Tochigi, was readily detected in both plasma and serum. The gene frequency of this abnormal variant in a Japanese population was 0.018, whereas the abnormal variant was not detected in an American white population, suggesting the very rare occurrence of this variant in whites. Two common alleles, A and B, clearly identified in neuraminidase-treated samples, were observed at gene frequencies of 0.98 and 0.003, respectively, in the Japanese. These values are significantly different from the reported values in whites of 0.69 for A and 0.3 for B.

Gene Frequency↗
PubMed1984

Intracranial changes with unilateral coronal synostosis.

Intracranial changes in two patients with unilateral coronal synostosis were evaluated by computed tomography (CT). Preoperative CT scans showed local compression of the brain by the flattened frontal bone with definite shift of the midline structures, suggesting that unilateral coronal synostosis may be harmful to the growing brain in infants. Postoperative restoration of the intracranial changes led me to draw the conclusion that unilateral coronal synostosis should be treated as early as possible not only for cosmetic reasons but also for the prevention of parenchymal damage.

Brain↗
PubMed1984

Indomethacin augments inhibitory effects of interferons on lymphoproliferative response.

Lectin-induced lymphoproliferative response was enhanced by the addition of indomethacin to the culture and in contrast, suppressed by the addition of interferon. However, when indomethacin and interferon were concomitantly present in the lectin-driven cultures, the suppressive effect of interferon on the lymphocyte blastogenesis surpassed the enhancing effect of indomethacin on the response. Furthermore, and unexpectedly, the inhibitory effect on the response due to interferon was definitely augmented in the presence of indomethacin as compared with the response in the absence of indomethacin.

Drug Synergism↗
PubMed1984

A therapeutic trial of caerulein to a long-term heavy marihuana user with amotivational syndrome.

A male marihuana user with amotivational syndrome who responded poorly to neuroleptic therapy was treated four times with weekly intramuscular injection of caerulein in a dose of 0.6 micrograms/kg. He was maintained on his previous neuroleptic medication during the study period. The BPRS was used to rate the patient's symptoms. There were remarkable improvements in the total scores and the psychosis subscale score, which consists of the following symptoms that do not respond well to neuroleptic therapy in chronic schizophrenia: emotional withdrawal, mannerisms and posturing, uncooperativeness, and blunted affect. These improvements persisted for two weeks after cessation of caerulein administration, after which the patient's condition gradually worsened. Nevertheless, the improvement recurred upon reinjection of caerulein. These findings indicate that the improvement observed seems to be due to caerulein, and suggest that caerulein may be a useful and effective therapeutic drug for marihuana user with amotivational syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Plasminogens Tochigi II and Nagoya: two additional molecular defects with Ala-600----Thr replacement found in plasmin light chain variants.

Previous studies in our laboratories (Miyata, T., et al. (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 79, 6132-6136) showed that the structural defect in a hereditarily abnormal plasminogen, plasminogen Tochigi, is due to replacement of Ala by Thr at position 600 from the NH2-terminal end. In the present studies, two abnormal plasminogens, plasminogens Tochigi II and Nagoya, obtained from other family members were analyzed to identify the structural impairment in these molecules. Amino acid sequence analysis of one of the tryptic peptides isolated, respectively, from plasminogens Tochigi II and Nagoya indicated that in both cases, Ala-600 (equivalent to Ala-55 of the chymotrypsin numbering system) had been replaced by Thr. No other substitutions at the active site and substrate-binding site residues, namely, His-57, Asp-102, Ser-195, and Asp-189, were found in the plasmin light chain variants, indicating that all these residues are intact. Moreover, the NH2-terminal heptapeptide sequences of the plasmin light chain variants isolated from plasminogens Tochigi II and Nagoya were identical to the sequence determined for the normal control. These results indicate that the absence of proteolytic activity of both abnormal molecules is due to the same amino acid substitution as that of previously reported plasminogen Tochigi.

Alanine↗
PubMed1984

A pathological study of fulminant hepatic disease.

Among 4,030 autopsies, 67 cases of fulminant hepatic failure were selected and studied from a pathological viewpoint. No sex difference in incidence was seen and the patients' age ranged very widely from 3 months to 78 years, showing comparatively high risk in the 20 s and 30 s in both sexes. Hepatitis virus was the most common cause, followed by toxic chemicals, shock, etc. Histopathological study revealed severe and extensive hepatic cell necrosis as the most conspicuous and common change of the liver, which was pathomorphologically quite similar to that experimentally produced by focal intravascular coagulation in rabbit. This evidence, as well as pathological findings of the other organs obtained at autopsy and the patients' reported clinical course, including laboratory data, were consistent with our proposal of a pathological disease entity, fulminant liver disease, which corresponds to the clinical symptom-complex known as fulminant hepatic failure. It is suggested that the characteristic feature of acute, severe and extensive hepatic cell necrosis which is seen in such cases is probably a result of an anoxic state caused in most instances by intrahepatic circulatory disturbances. Besides, we consider that fulminant liver disease can be regarded as a group of systemic diseases with the main focus of illness in the liver, rather than a specific disease of a single organ, the liver.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Chronic encapsulated intracerebellar hematoma in infancy: case report.

A case of intracerebellar hematoma in infancy is reported. Although the clinical course and computed tomographic appearances suggested a cerebellar tumor, intraoperative and microscopic investigations demonstrated a chronic expanding hematoma enlarging with repeated hemorrhages inside the capsule. The differential diagnosis of this entity is discussed.

Cerebellar Diseases↗
PubMed1984

Radiological features of familial polyposis coli: grouping by polyp profusion.

The radiological features of familial polyposis coli (FPC) were studied in 60 patients by double-contrast barium enema examinations. When classified by profusion of polyps, cases fell into two groups: the profuse type and the sparse type. The radiologically determined boundary range distinguishing these types was 6-9 polyps/cm2 in adult patients and 3-6 in children. But on grouping the FPC patients by size of the polyps, one group of 34 cases had one or more polyps of more than 1 cm diameter, and in 16 of this group, one or more advanced cancers were histologically demonstrated; whereas in the group of 20 patients, in which the lesions were 5 mm or less, no malignancy was detected. In contrast to cases of the sparse type, in which the size of the polyps bore no relation to age, all cases of the profuse type who were 15 years old or more had polyps more than 1 cm in diameter.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Variation with age in the levels of sex-steroid-binding plasma protein as determined by radioimmunoassay.

A radioimmunoassay for human sex-steroid-binding plasma protein (SBP) was developed. With this assay, SBP was determined in sera of 138 normal men and 169 non-pregnant women, ranging in age from 11 to 87 years. The results indicate that SBP levels in both sexes increase gradually with age up to mid-eighties, that the average levels in mid-eighties are approximately twice those in early twenties, and that the average levels in women are about twice as high as those in men of corresponding age. These results may also account for the discrepancies in the previous papers regarding the normal blood levels and sexual difference of SBP in adult men and women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Isolated ACTH deficiency associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis: report of a case.

A 65-year-old female with general malaise, anorexia and marked emaciation was studied by secretion stimulation tests on 6 anterior pituitary hormones. Only ACTH showed no response and the other 5 hormones responded normally. The basal value of antidiuretic hormone was normal. She was found to be suffered from primary hypothyroidism. Though neither antithyroid antibodies nor other autoantibodies were found, Hashimoto's thyroiditis was confirmed by a thyroid open biopsy. Neoplastic lesions of the hypophysis were ruled out by various X-ray and CT examinations of the sella turcica as well as the brain. The case was concluded to be isolated ACTH deficiency associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The substitution therapy using small doses of adrenocortical hormone and thyroid hormone has kept her well and she has been living normally for these five years.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1984

Study of the interrelationship between dopaminergic activity and potassium ion.

The present study was designed to examine the interrelationship between dopaminergic neuron activity and potassium ion in the normotensive elderly subjects with a stable physical condition. Potassium chloride loaded intravenously (40mEq/day) in 5 subjects increased urinary excretions of Na (p less than 0.01) and dopamine. Furosemide administered orally (20mg/day) in 5 subjects increased urinary excretions of Na (p less than 0.05), dopamine (p less than 0.01) and K. Spironolactone administered orally (75mg/day) in 5 subjects brought an increase of urinary excretion of Na and a decrease of urinary excretions of K and dopamine, although these changes were not statistically significant. Metoclopramide, a dopamine antagonist, administered orally (15mg/day) in 5 subjects brought about a tendency of decrease in urinary excretions of Na and K. Between urinary amounts of K and dopamine, a positive correlation (gamma = 0.702, p less than 0.001, n = 22) was recognized. From these results, the change of the excretion of dopamine seemed to be parallel with that of K, and therefore it is suggested that a mechanism involved in the excretion of dopamine into the urine has a close relationship with that excreting K. The possible mechanisms are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Does moyamoya disease cause subarachnoid hemorrhage? Review of 54 cases with intracranial hemorrhage confirmed by computerized tomography.

The majority of patients with intracranial hemorrhage associated with moyamoya disease have been described as having subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), but it seems doubtful that moyamoya disease causes primary SAH. Computerized tomography (CT) has revealed that most of the hemorrhage found in cases of moyamoya disease is intracerebral or intraventricular. The authors have reviewed 54 cases of intracranial hemorrhage confirmed by CT, including nine of their own, and found that in all but one the bleeding was intracerebral or intraventricular. The single case of SAH was due to rupture of a saccular aneurysm associated with moyamoya disease. It may be concluded from these results that moyamoya disease does not cause primary SAH per se.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Infantile acute subdural hematoma. Clinical analysis of 26 cases.

Twenty-six cases of infantile acute subdural hematoma treated between 1972 and 1983 were reviewed. The series was limited to infants with acute subdural hematoma apparently due to minor head trauma without loss of consciousness, and not associated with cerebral contusion. Twenty-three of the patients were boys, and three were girls, showing a clear male predominance. The patients ranged in age between 3 and 13 months, with an average age of 8.1 months, the majority of patients being between 7 and 10 months old. Most of the patients were brought to the hospital because of generalized tonic convulsion which developed soon after minor head trauma, and all patients had retinal and preretinal hemorrhage. The cases were graded into mild, intermediate, and fulminant types, mainly on the basis of the level of consciousness and motor weakness. Treatment for fulminant cases was emergency craniotomy, and that for mild cases was subdural tapping alone. For intermediate cases, craniotomy or subdural tapping was selected according to the contents of the hematoma. The follow-up results included death in two cases, mild physical retardation in one case, and epilepsy in one case. The remaining 23 patients showed normal development. The relationship between computerized tomography (CT) findings and clinical grading was analyzed. Because some mild and intermediate cases could be missed on CT, the importance of noting the characteristic clinical course and of funduscopic examination is stressed.

Acute Disease↗