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Biomedical subjects

N Aoki

Publications and source records attributed to N Aoki.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Protection of the rat myocardium from ischemic injury by dietary lamprey oil.

The lamprey (Entosphenus japonicus Martens) has been recommended in Japan as an efficacious diet for curing some of chronic inflammatory disorders. Fresh lamprey is rich in n-3 unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids) with minimal seasonal variation. The dietary effect of lamprey oil on acute myocardial ischemia was therefore investigated. Rats were fed a control diet or a diet supplemented with 5% safflower oil (SO) or 5% lamprey oil (LO) for 4 weeks. After coronary artery ligation, rats fed the LO diet demonstrated a higher 24-h survival rate and a reduced loss of creatine kinase activity from ischemic myocardium when compared with rats fed the control or SO diet. Moreover, the intracellular redistribution of lysosomal enzyme activity in the ischemic myocardium was significantly suppressed in the LO diet group. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of myocardial phospholipids in rats fed LO showed marked elevation of n-3 fatty acids, whereas arachidonic acid (n-6) content was significantly reduced. Hence, the n-3/n-6 ratio of myocardial phospholipids was markedly increased in the LO diet group. In addition, there was more than a 77% reduction in TXB2 synthetic capacity in whole blood in rats fed the LO diet when compared with rats fed either the control or SO diet. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with LO prevents sudden cardiac death and limits the extension of cellular damage from acute myocardial ischemia in rats. Both changes in thromboxane generation and altered membrane fatty acid composition may be involved in the observed reduction of ischemic damage in the heart.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Thrombasthenia with an abnormal platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb of different molecular weight.

We describe an individual with abnormal platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb of different molecular weight (mol wt), a defect that distinguishes this patient from previously reported thrombasthenics. The patient, a 21-year-old female, has a mild bleeding tendency; her platelets lack adenosine diphosphate (ADP) aggregation and have severely suppressed collagen aggregation but a normal response to ristocetin. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of her platelets indicates that they contain two types of GPIIb molecules: one with an abnormal mol wt (122 kd, unreduced; 128 kd, reduced) and one with a normal mol wt (128 kd, unreduced; 118 kd, reduced). Relative to the amount of GPIIb in normal platelets, her platelets contain approximately 35% abnormal GPIIb and 20% normal GPIIb. Fibrinogen binding assays on the patient's platelets indicated that they contained 25% of the normal amount of fibrinogen receptors. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis of the patient's platelets demonstrated the formation of a GPIIb/IIIa complex that was mainly composed of normal mol wt GPIIb and GPIIIa. The patient's father has decreased ADP aggregability, and his platelets also contained both abnormal and normal GPIIb (about 50% of the normal level and about 50% of the normal number of fibrinogen receptors); her mother has only normal GPIIb. These results indicate that the patient has heterozygous GPIIb molecules with an abnormality of GPIIb at the molecular level. Studies on this abnormal GPIIb should provide information about the function of GPIIb and the mechanism of its biosynthesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Bilateral chronic subdural hematomas without communication between the hematoma cavities: treatment with unilateral subdural-peritoneal shunt.

Communication between bilateral subdural hematoma cavities was not demonstrated by metrizamide computed tomography subdurography in three patients with bilateral chronic subdural hematomas. Because unilateral subdural tapping yielded a slack fontanel without untoward neurological findings, patients were treated by the placement of unilateral subdural-peritoneal shunts, resulting in resolution of the bilateral hematomas.

Female↗
PubMed1988

Protective effects of thromboxane receptor blockade in splanchnic artery occlusion shock.

Splanchnic artery occlusion (SAO) followed by release of the occlusive clamps produces circulatory shock characterized by an abrupt hypotension, cardiac depression and high lethality. We studied the effects of the thromboxane receptor antagonist, BM-13505, in rats during SAO shock. Anesthetized rats subjected to total occlusion of the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries for 40 minutes developed a severe shock state following reperfusion, usually resulting in death within 90-120 minutes of release of the occlusion. BM-13505 was started at reperfusion for 10 minutes. SAO shock rats treated with BM-13505 (1 mg/kg) maintained post-reperfusion mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) at significantly higher values compared to those receiving only the vehicle (0.9% NaCl). Treatment with BM-13505 attenuated the plasma activity of the lysosomal protease cathepsin D (p less than 0.05 from vehicle) and the plasma accumulation of free amino-nitrogen compounds (p less than 0.01 from vehicle). Furthermore, the plasma activity of a myocardial depressant factor was significantly lower in BM-13505 treated rats than in non-treated rats (p less than 0.01 from vehicle). SAO shock rats treated with BM-13505 also exhibited a higher survival rate than the vehicle group (75% vs. 20%). These results suggest an important role of thromboxane A2 in the pathophysiology of SAO shock.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effects on leukemic clonogenic cells in murine myeloid leukemia of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine and the anthracyclines adriamycin, daunomycin, aclacinomycin A, and 4'-epidoxorubicin.

M-3 murine myeloid leukemic cells undergo terminal divisions making colonies in methylcellulose culture and also renew themselves in methylcellulose and suspension; leukemic clonogenic cells are characteristic as stem cells. The effects of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine and four anthracyclines (Adriamycin, daunomycin, aclacinomycin A, and 4'-epidoxorubicin) on M-3 leukemic clonogenic cells were studied. 1-beta-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine was effective in reducing primary and secondary colonies in methylcellulose and the growth of clonogenic cells in suspension. In contrast, the anthracyclines were not so effective in reducing secondary colonies in methylcellulose or clonogenic cells in suspension as to suppress primary colonies in methylcellulose. The results suggest that 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine but not the anthracyclines is effective for not only terminal divisions but also self-renewal of leukemic clonogenic cells. The study will be used as a practical screening test to examine the effects of antitumor agents on leukemic blast progenitors.

Aclarubicin↗
PubMed1987

Lumboperitoneal shunt for the treatment of hydrocephalus in premature infants.

Four premature infants weighing less than 2,500 grams underwent lumboperitoneal shunt for their communicating hydrocephalus. Using a microscope, mini-laminectomy and exact placement of the proximal end of the shunt tube into the subarachnoid space was achieved. After the lumboperitoneal shunting, hydrocephalus in all four patients was relieved without any complications. The author discusses the availability of lumboperitoneal shunt for hydrocephalus in premature infants.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts↗
PubMed1987

Caudate head hemorrhage caused by asymptomatic occlusion of the middle cerebral artery.

Two nonhypertensive adult patients with asymptomatic occlusion of the middle cerebral artery, in whom caudate head hemorrhage occurred ipsilateral to the occlusive lesion, are described. The mechanism of this hemorrhage is surmised to be identical to that of moyamoya disease: a rupture of the dilated, fragile lenticulostriate artery, which evolved as a collateral channel in response to chronic cerebral ischemia.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed1987

A variant Burkitt-type translocation (2p-;8q+) in a patient with diffuse large cell lymphoma.

A case of diffuse large cell lymphoma with t(2p-;8q+) is reported. Immunologically the lymphoma cells were shown to be of B-cell origin and positive for surface gamma and kappa chains, B4, CALLA, and Ia1 markers. Karyotypically three major clones were detected: 47,XX, + 12,t(2;8)(p11-13;q24) (52%); 47,XX, + 12 (26%); and 46,XX,t(2;8)(p11-13;q24) (15%). A t(2p-;8q +) has been exclusively reported in cases of Burkitt's lymphoma or Burkitt-type acute lymphocytic leukemia. The present case is the first one with t(2p-;8q +) observed in non-Burkitt-type lymphoid malignancy of the B-cell lineage. The t(2p-;8q +) may play a primary role in the early stage of transformation of B cells, and trisomy 12 may provide them secondarily with an advantage for tumor progression. The phenotypic pictures provided by 8q24 rearrangements seem to be heterogeneous, as previously suggested.

Adult↗