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Biomedical subjects

N Andersson

Publications and source records attributed to N Andersson.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Effect of inclination on the results of the maximal anaerobic running test.

This study investigated the effect of treadmill inclination on the maximal anaerobic running test (MART). Ten male subjects ran a 20-m speed test on a track to determine the maximal running velocity (V20m) and performed three MARTs at the grades of 1 degree, 4 degrees and 7 degrees in a random order. Each MART included n 20-s sprints at gradually increased velocity and counter-movement jumps (CMJ) which were performed before and after the exhausting sprints. At each grade, the power (oxygen demand) of the sprints was determined by extrapolating the individual steady state oxygen uptake of three submaximal running velocities measured separately at the corresponding grades. Maximal power (Pmax), power at 10mM (P10mM) and 5 mM (P5mM) blood lactate levels as well as peak blood lactate concentration (peak BLa) were determined at each MART. The Pmax increased from 94.1 +/- 8.8 and 110.0 +/- 10.2 to 119.5 +/- 8.0 ml.kg-1.min-1 when the treadmill inclination increased from 1 degree and 4 degrees to 7 degrees, respectively (p < 0.001). P10mM and P5mM also increased with the inclination (p < 0.001). Correlation coefficients of the Pmax with CMJrest and V20m were 0.77 and 0.69 at the grade of 1 degree, 0.75 and 0.59 at the grade of 4 degrees, and 0.62 and 0.42 at the grade of 7 degrees, respectively. The increased peak BLa (p < 0.01) with the treadmill inclination suggests that lactic capacity was not completely used at the grades of 1 degree and 4 degrees. In conclusion, the maximal power increased with the grade of uphill running in the MART. Furthermore, the present results suggest that the importance of force and velocity components of the neuromuscular system decreased and the importance of metabolic component increased with the increased grade of the uphill running.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Assessment of the relative systemic potency of inhaled fluticasone and budesonide.

Studies using dry powder devices have suggested that fluticasone propionate (FP) has a greater systemic effect than budesonide (BUD). The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the relative systemic potency of FP and BUD from their respective pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs). A placebo-controlled, open, randomized, cross-over study was conducted in 21 healthy male volunteers. Placebo, BUD (200, 400 and 1,000 micrograms b.i.d.) and FP (200, 375 and 1,000 micrograms b.i.d.) were inhaled for 4 days, with a wash-out period of at least 3 days between treatments. Blood samples for cortisol analysis were drawn during the last 24 h of each treatment period. Cortisol levels, measured as 24 h pooled plasma cortisol, were statistically significantly lower (p = 0.0001) for all dose levels during FP pMDI treatment (21, 39 and 84% suppression from placebo) than during BUD pMDI treatment (1, 3 and 27% suppression from placebo). The relative systemic potency FP:BUD was 3.7:1 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.9-4.8)). The relative systemic potency based on the single 08:00 h samples was 5.2:1 (95% CI 3.0-9.3). In conclusion, in healthy male volunteers using pressurized metered-dose inhalers, fluticasone propionate was shown to have a stronger systemic effect than budesonide.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1995

Social cost of land mines in four countries: Afghanistan, Bosnia, Cambodia, and Mozambique.

OBJECTIVES: To document the effects of land mines on the health and social conditions of communities in four affected countries. DESIGN: A cross design of cluster survey and rapid appraisal methods including a household questionnaire and qualitative data from key informants, institutional reviews, and focus groups of survivors of land mines from the same communities. SETTING: 206 communities, 37 in Afghanistan, 66 in Bosnia, 38 in Cambodia, and 65 in Mozambique. SUBJECTS: 174,489 people living in 32,904 households in the selected communities. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Effects of land mines on food security, residence, livestock, and land use; risk factors: extent of individual land mine injuries; physical, psychological, social, and economic costs of injuries during medical care and rehabilitation. RESULTS: Between 25% and 87% of households had daily activities affected by land mines. Based on expected production without the mines, agricultural production could increase by 88-200% in different regions of Afghanistan, 11% in Bosnia, 135% in Cambodia, and 3.6% in Mozambique. A total of 54,554 animals was lost because of land mines, with a minimum cash value of $6.5m, or nearly $200 per household. Overall, 6% of households (1964) reported a land mine victim; a third of victims died in the blast. One in 10 of the victims was a child. The most frequent activities associated with land mine incidents were agricultural or pastoral, except in Bosnia where more than half resulted from military activities, usually during patrols. Incidences have more than doubled between 1980-3 and 1990-3, excluding the incidents in Bosnia. Some 22% of victims (455/2100) were from households reporting attempts to remove land mines; in these households there was a greatly increased risk of injury (odds ratio 4.2 and risk difference 19% across the four countries). Lethality of the mines varied; in Bosnia each blast killed an average of 0.54 people and injured 1.4, whereas in Mozambique each blast killed 1.45 people and wounded 1.27. Households with a land mine victim were 40% more likely to experience difficulty in providing food for the family. Family relationships were affected for around one in every four victims and relationships with colleagues in 40%. CONCLUSIONS: Land mines seriously undermine the economy and food security in affected countries; they kill and maim civilians at an increasing rate. The expense of medical care and rehabilitation add economic disability to the physical burden. Awareness of land mines can be targeted at high risk attitudes, such as those associated with tampering with mines.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Technological disasters--towards a preventive strategy: a review.

Technological or man-made disasters are a growth industry. Widely publicized industrial disasters like those in Bhopal and Chernobyl are only the tip of the iceberg of human and environmental risk from technological development. Other less well publicized disasters, including the contamination of food, water and air, have affected millions of people. The 'slow' technological disasters - like air pollution, pesticides, radiation, lead, asbestos and other industrial hazards - also compromise human intellectual, behavioural and physical development. Although it can be argued that there are hazards attached to virtually every industrial activity and that it is almost impossible to remove completely the risk of technological disasters, it is possible to reduce this risk by decentralizing or deconcentrating knowledge on technological processes. Global recommendations may provide a framework for priority action, but they are obviously not applicable everywhere with the same intensity. A measurement-based approach is described that is beginning to have an effect in several developing countries.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1990

Pretranslational and posttranslational regulation of the EGF receptor during the prereplicative phase of liver regeneration.

We studied the regulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor mRNA and the number of epidermal growth factor binding sites in subcellular compartments involved in the biosynthesis and endocytosis of the epidermal growth factor receptor during the prereplicative phase of liver regeneration. The epidermal growth factor receptor mRNA, quantified by solution hybridization, decreased after partial hepatectomy, with a nadir of about 35% 18 hr after hepatectomy. An even stronger decrease in the number of epidermal growth factor binding sites after partial hepatectomy was observed in a Golgi-enriched low-density membrane fraction, reflecting available newly synthesized epidermal growth factor receptors. It is suggested that this decrease in newly synthesized available epidermal growth factor receptors is caused primarily, but not entirely, by decreased epidermal growth factor receptor mRNA levels and the additional down-regulation of epidermal growth factor binding sites may involve posttranslational mechanisms such as intracellular occupation by transforming growth factor-alpha. The observation that the number of specific epidermal growth factor binding sites after partial hepatectomy was only moderately reduced in prelysosomal endosomes and in lysosomes, compared with the newly synthesized receptors, may indicate that a pool of receptors targeted for lysosomes exists and these receptors are regulated in a different manner than the receptor pool targeted for the cell surface. Furthermore, at least two separable endocytic subcompartments are involved in the transport of the epidermal growth factor/epidermal growth factor receptor complex in the liver.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Delayed eye and other consequences from exposure to methyl isocyanate: 93% follow up of exposed and unexposed cohorts in Bhopal.

A follow up study three years after exposure to methyl isocyanate in 93% of exposed survivors and "control" residents in 10 Bhopali communities showed an excess of eye irritation, eyelid infection, cataract, and a decrease in visual acuity among the exposed people. Breathlessness was twice as common in the heavily exposed clusters as those with lower exposure, a trend that could not be explained by different age or smoking patterns (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.36-3.08). Case referent analysis of outpatient attendances at Bhopal Eye Hospital, considering patients with severe refractive errors and astigmatism as "controls," showed a 40% increased risk of trachoma, 36% increased risk of other lid infections, and 45% increased risk of irritant symptoms among previously exposed people. "Bhopal eye syndrome" may thus include full resolution of the initial interpalpebral superficial erosion, a subsequent increased risk of eye infections, hyperresponsive phenomena (irritation, watering, and phlyctens), and possibly cataracts. It remains to be confirmed whether this reflects a more generalised disease as a consequence of previous exposure to methyl isocyanate or whether it is only the eye that is affected.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1990

Tuberculosis and social stratification in South Africa.

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a barometer of poverty, determined by racial classification, in both town and countryside in the Republic of South Africa. Despite the fact that whites with the disease stand a greater chance of being diagnosed than their black counterparts, because they have very much better access to health care, the risks of TB for people classified by the state as black and colored are 27 and 16 times, respectively, the risk for whites. Black gold miners, the nutritional elite of the workforce, have also experienced an increase in TB rates. Tuberculosis accounts for 50 percent of all black compensation cases and some 2.5 percent of white cases. The risks of TB have increased over recent years among colored and blacks. Rates of tuberculous meningitis have also increased over the past decade, and show the dramatically worse health care available to people classified as black and colored. Although about 60,000 new TB cases are reported in the country each year, there have been cutbacks in the resources available for TB control and treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Trypanosoma cruzi infection in the Mexican state of Guerrero: a seroepidemiological (ELISA) survey of 20 communities.

The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to analyse 4372 blood samples from residents of 978 households in 20 representative communities in the Mexican state of Guerrero. Seventy-five individuals had very high titres of antibodies against Trypanosoma cruzi. Samples with intermediate optical density values, despite overlapping values with several control positives on a single-well test, did not sustain their positivity at high dilutions. 'Intermediate positives' had a different distribution among the 20 communities to samples sustaining reactivity at high dilutions, indicating possible cross-reactivity with another infectious agent. The finding of seropositive children under the age of 10 years in the Costa Chica, Acapulco and the Tierra Caliente regions, with family clustering of putative cases, indicates that recent transmission must be considered. Very few people interviewed in the 20 communities knew the triatomine bug could transmit a disease.

Age Factors↗