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Biomedical subjects

N A Romas

Publications and source records attributed to N A Romas.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Misonidazole as a chemosensitizer in the treatment of the Dunning prostate cancer model.

Utilizing a Dunning prostate tumor model, we investigated the ability of misonidazole, a compound with known radiosensitizing properties, to act as a chemosensitizer when administered in combination with the alkylating agent cyclophosphamide. This combination caused a decrease in tumor growth rate when compared to the growth of the tumor in animals receiving cyclophosphamide alone. However, only at toxic levels was this decrease statistically significant (p less than 0.01).

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Acid phosphatase localization in prostatic carcinoma. A comparison of monoclonal antibody to heteroantisera.

A series of 39 prostatic carcinomas was characterized in terms of grade, stage, histologic pattern, and serum acid phosphatase values. These cases were studied immunohistochemically with two different heteroantisera, a goat and rabbit antiserum, and with a monoclonal antibody to prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP). Eighty-three percent of carcinomas had some degree of PAP positivity when stained by the goat anti-PAP. Seventy percent were positive with the rabbit antiserum, and 59% showed positivity with the monoclonal antibody. Microacinar patterns were consistently the most positive for PAP, followed by cribriform patterns. The least positivity was observed in the undifferentiated, single-file and sheet-like patterns. Likewise, there was more PAP positivity in the lower Gleason and Mostofi grades. When the serum PAP positivity (done by counterimmunoelectrophoresis [CIEP]) was compared with tissue positivity (using the same goat antiserum), 37% were positive in both serum and tissue; 48% were negative in serum, but positive in tissue; and in only 9% the tissue sample was negative when the serum was positive. Based on these data, conclusions are drawn about the significance of the serum acid phosphatase elevations and the role of monoclonal antibodies and heteroantisera in clinical-diagnostic and research work.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1983

Prostatic acid phosphatase: current concepts.

The development of antibodies to PAP opened a new horizon in the detection of acid phosphatase in serum and tissue. The advantages and limitations of this new methodology has been reviewed. A new utilization for PAP antibodies is radioactive labeling of these antibodies for radioimmunodetection of prostatic cancer metastases. If future studies in localizing metastatic sites are promising, then PAP antibodies labeled with chemotherapeutic agents or radioactive isotopes may have a role in therapy.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1980

Counterimmunoelectrophoretic studies of serum prostatic acid phosphatase.

A counterimmunoelectrophoretic (CIEP) assay for the specific determination of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) is described. PAP was obtained from benign human prostatic tissue and a specific antiserum to this enzyme was produced in rabbits and goats. The lowest detectable activity of PAP was at 0.3 IU/l or 4 ng./0.1 ml. This CIEP method was compared to a standard biochemical method (Roy) on a wide spectrum of prostatic and nonprostatic disease. Nonprostatic malignancies and other disorders associated with hyperacidphosphatasemia by the biochemical method were found to be nonreactive for PAP by CIEP. Patients under treatment with various stages of prostatic carcinoma showed comparable elevations by both methods (35%). In untreated patients, the CIEP was statistically most sensitive in stage A (39% by CIEP and 14% by chemical).

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1980

Bone marrow acid phosphatase in prostate cancer: an assessment by immunoassay and biochemical methods.

Comparisons of the bone marrow and serum acid phosphatase values obtained by counter-immunelectrophoresis and the Roy biochemical test were made in 72 patients with and in 13 patients without prostatic cancer. The counter-immunoelectophoresis test, when positive at more than 1 international unit per liter, showed only 4.4 per cent falsely positive results. The Roy biochemical test, which used sodium thymolphthalein monophosphate as the substrate, had 65 per cent falsely positive bone marrow acid phosphatase levels. Conflicting reports regarding the value of bone marrow acid phosphatase determinations in patients with prostatic cancer result from the use of non-specific substrates in biochemical methods for measurement and from the trauma incidental to bone marrow aspiration, which releases many non-prostatic acid phosphatase enzymes. The use of immunoassay such as counter-immunoelectrophoresis minimizes this source of error.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1979

Use of pre-existing ureterocutaneous anastomosis as conduit in renal allotransplantation.

This report details 2 patients with unusable bladders whose renal allografts were anastomosed to an existent end cutaneous ureterostomy. The literature on renal allotransplants into intestinal conduits is reviewed. Use of existent, mature end cutaneous ureterostomies is suggested as an alternative to an intestinal conduit in patients with unusable bladders who require renal allografts.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Acid phosphatase: new developments.

Acid phosphatase was the first "tumor marker" to be measured in the blood, and over 40 years have passed since an elevation of the serum acid phosphatase level was observed in patients with prostatic carcinoma. However, significant elevations in the level of this enzyme have been observed in other diseases, as well as elevations of other tissue phosphatases. Many improvements in the colorimetric technique have been introduced, but none has been used successfully to detect the tissue origin of this ubiquitous enzyme. The finding that prostatic acid phosphatase is antigenically distinct from acid phosphatase of other tissues opened a new horizon in the measurement of acid phosphatase in prostatic cancer. On the basis of this immunochemical specificity, several immunoassays have been employed for determining the prostatic acid phosphatase level.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1979

Microvascular free transfer of human testes.

This clinical study was undertaken to demonstrate the feasibility of free transfer of undescended human testes with microvascular anastomoses. We have performed 4 microvascular free transfers of such testes in children aged 5, 6, and 8 years, with follow-up periods of one to three years. All 4 testes have remained clinically viable. The final proof of functional viability will have to await puberty, of course.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Bone marrow acid phosphatase in prostate cancer: an assessment by immunoassay and biochemical methods.

Comparisons of the bone marrow and serum acid phosphatase values obtained by counterimmunoelectrophoresis and the Roy biochemical test were made in 72 patients with and in 13 patients without prostatic cancer. The counter-immunoelectrophoresis test, when positive at more than 1 international unit per liter, showed only 4.4% falsely positive results. The Roy biochemical test, which uses sodium thymolphthalein monophosphate as the substrate, had 65% falsely positive bone marrow acid phosphatase levels. Conflicting reports regarding the value of bone marrow acid phosphatase determinations in patients with prostatic cancer result from the use of non-specific substrates in biochemical methods for measurement and from the trauma incidental to bone marrow aspiration, which releases many non-prostatic acid phosphatase enzymes. The use of immunoassay such as counter-immunoelectrophoresis minimizes this source of error.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1978

Counter immunoelectrophoresis for detection of human prostatic acid phosphatase.

An immunochemical method for detection of prostatic acid phosphatase is described. Acid phosphatase was obtained from benign human prostatic tissue. A specific antiserum to this enzyme was produced in rabbits. A counter immunoelectrophoretic method utilizing the specific antiserum with a chemical staining technique has been developed. Clinical trials have indicated the usefulness of this method for the specific determination of prostatic acid phosphatase.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1978

Role of microsurgery in orchiopexy.

Intra-abdominal tests cannot be completely brought down into the scrotum by conventional methods. Four intra-abdominal testes in 3 patients underwent successful orchiopexy by dividing the spermatic artery and vein near their origin and anastomosing these vessels to the inferior epigastric vessels with the use of microsurgical technique.

Child↗