Biomedical subjects

N A M Rosema

Publications and source records attributed to N A M Rosema.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

A thin or thick probe handle: does it make a difference?

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to assess the probing force exerted when using two manual periodontal probes with different handle diameters in hands of different dental professionals. METHODS: For this study two periodontal probes with handle diameters of 54 and 92 mm were used. The 11 subjects responsible for the measurements were periodontists, postgraduate periodontal students and dental hygienists. Per measurement session, 20 measurements were performed by each subject. Each probe was used 10 times. After the first baseline measurement session, a second session was performed 1 week later and a last third session another 3 weeks later. Orders for using each probe were randomized for each subject and each session. RESULTS: The mean overall force with the thin probe was 55.2 g and with the thick probe 59.4 g. The difference of 4.2 g between the two probe types was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.041). CONCLUSION: The present study showed that the diameter of the probe handle also had an effect on the force exerted with a periodontal probe. However, the clinical relevance of this difference may be minor, when considering the interindividual variance of forces exerted when probing.

Dental Instruments↗

PubMed2006

Plaque removal by young children using old and new toothbrushes.

There is inconclusive evidence about the relationship between toothbrush wear and plaque removal. This randomized cross-over clinical trial aimed to validate or invalidate non-inferiority in the plaque-removal efficacy of old vs. new toothbrushes in the hands of 7- and 8-year-old children. The lower limit for non-inferiority was set a priori as a difference in plaque score<15%. Children (n=101) brushed, in the first session, with either their 14-month-old toothbrush or a new one, and in the second session vice versa. The mean Quigley-Hein plaque score, before and after children brushed with old brushes, was 2.9 and 2.4, and with new brushes 2.8 and 2.1. The plaque score after they brushed with the new toothbrush was 10.9% lower (p<0.001) than after they brushed with the old toothbrush. The confidence interval of 7.6%-13.9% was within the acceptance band (<15%), and non-inferiority of old toothbrushes in the hands of these children was validated.

Child↗

PubMed2005

An oscillating/pulsating electric toothbrush versus a high-frequency electric toothbrush in the treatment of gingivitis.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare the effect of an oscillating/pulsating power toothbrush (Oral-B ProfessionalCare 7000; PC 7000) and a high-frequency power toothbrush (Philips Sonicare Elite; SE) on the reversal of experimental gingivitis. METHODS: The study had a randomised, examiner-blind, split-mouth design. After dental prophylaxis, subjects refrained from brushing mandibular teeth for 21 days to allow development of gingivitis. During a 4-week treatment phase, the right or left side of the mouth was brushed with either the PC 7000 or the SE toothbrush as randomly allocated. Plaque and gingivitis were assessed at baseline (Day 0), after 21 days of no oral hygiene, and after 1, 2 and 4 weeks of brushing twice daily. Gingival abrasion was assessed at Day 0 and after 1, 2 and 4 weeks of product use. RESULTS: Of 38 enrolled subjects, 35 provided evaluable data. The experimentally induced gingivitis (EIG) phase resulted in higher bleeding and plaque scores as compared to Day 0. During the treatment phase, plaque and bleeding scores were significantly lower with the PC 7000 than the SE toothbrush. After 4 weeks of use, the mean plaque scores changed from 2.78 (Day 21 of EIG phase) to 0.70 for the PC 7000 and from 2.67 (Day 21) to 0.88 for the SE. The mean bleeding scores changed from 1.86 (Day 21) to 1.24 for the PC 7000 and from 1.88 (Day 21) to 1.42 for the SE. No major differences were found between brushes with regard to gingival abrasion. CONCLUSIONS: The oscillating/pulsating power toothbrush (Oral-B ProfessionalCare 7000) was more effective than the high-frequency power toothbrush (Philips Sonicare Elite) at plaque removal and improvement of gingival condition, with no greater potential for causing gingival abrasion.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Three different rinsing times and inhibition of plaque accumulation with chlorhexidine.

AIM: This study assessed the plaque inhibiting effect of a 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) solution (Corsodyl) with three different rinsing times following a 72 h non-brushing period. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The clinical investigation was a single-blind, randomised study involving 90 volunteer students (40 male and 50 female, mean age 23.2 years). Subjects were randomly allocated to one of three groups for which the protocol only differed with respect to the duration of rinsing. At the start of the trial, all participants received a dental prophylaxis to remove all plaque deposits. Subjects refrained from all mechanical oral hygiene procedures, but rinsed two times per day for the allocated duration with CHX mouth rinse over a period of 72 h. The chlorhexidine preparation was of 0.2% concentration used at a dose of 10 ml for either 15, 30 or 60 s. After 72 h, the Quigley & Hein plaque index (PI) from all volunteers was recorded at six sites per tooth. All participants received a questionnaire to evaluate their perception of rinsing duration. RESULTS: After 72 h, the mean whole-mouth PI was 1.33, 1.18 and 1.24, respectively, for the 15, 30 and 60 s rinsing group. The difference in plaque scores between the three groups was not statistically significant. Results from the questionnaire showed a significant difference between the groups for their perception of rinsing duration. CONCLUSIONS: No significant difference was observed in the level of plaque after 72 h of non-brushing whether the subjects rinsed for 15, 30 or 60 s with 0.2% chlorhexidine.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Sonic-powered toothbrushes and reversal of experimental gingivitis.

OBJECTIVE: To compare two sonic toothbrushes in relation to the reversal of experimental gingivitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subjects refrained from brushing mandibular teeth for 21 days. During a 4-week treatment phase, the right or left side of the mouth was brushed with either the Sonic Complete (SC) or Sonicare Elite (SE) toothbrush as randomly allocated. Plaque and gingivitis were assessed on day 0, after 21 days of no oral hygiene and after 1, 2 and 4 weeks of brushing twice daily. RESULTS: Thirty-four subjects provided evaluable data. The experimentally induced gingivitis (EIG) resulted in higher bleeding and plaque scores compared with day 0. The mean plaque scores at day 21 changed from 3.09 to 1.30 for the SC, and from 3.02 to 1.21 for the SE. At the end of the treatment period, there was no significant difference between the two brushes. The mean bleeding scores changed from 1.87 (day 21) to 0.97 for the SC, and from 1.83 to 0.92 for the SE. For the assessments at 1, 2 and 4 weeks post-EIG, both brushes showed a significant decrease in bleeding scores. There were no statistically significant differences between brushes.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

The plaque-removing efficacy of a finger brush (I-Brush).

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to test the effectiveness of a finger toothbrush (I-Brush) in removing plaque compared with a flat-trimmed manual toothbrush. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For this study, 37 subjects were selected, without previous experience of the use of the I-Brush. Each subject received a finger brush (I-Brush), a manual toothbrush (Butler GUM 311), two written brushing instructions for both types of brushes, and a brush calendar. Subjects were given a period of 3 weeks to become familiar with the two types of brushes. During this period, the subjects were instructed to use the two types of brushes on alternate days. The brush calendar helped as a reminder and served to ensure compliance. No instructions regarding brushing time or frequency of brushing were given to the subjects, except that they should conform to their usual oral habits. After 3 weeks, all subjects were asked to abstain from oral hygiene procedures for 48 h prior to the experiment. In this experiment, the amount of dental plaque was scored by a trained examiner. The examiner (N.A.M.R.) used the modified Silness & Loe (1964) plaque index at six sites per tooth. After scoring, each subject received a new finger brush and a new manual toothbrush. The subjects brushed according to a split mouth protocol. Two contra-lateral quadrants were chosen randomly and were brushed with one randomly chosen brush and the two opposing contra-lateral quadrants with the alternate brush. The brushing was performed under supervision in front of a mirror. The available time for brushing was 2 min. for the entire dentition. Finally, the remaining plaque was scored again. RESULTS: The overall reduction in plaque was 79% for the manual toothbrush and 62% for the finger brush. The plaque removing efficacy of the finger brush was poorest at the approximal vestibular surfaces (55% plaque reduction) compared with the manual toothbrush (77% plaque reduction). CONCLUSION: The plaque reduction of the finger brush is not an acceptable alternative to the use of a regular manual toothbrush.

Adult↗