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Biomedical subjects

N A Ermakova

Publications and source records attributed to N A Ermakova.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Assessment of influence of dose variation on the effectiveness and toxicity of cytostatic therapy of disseminated breast cancer].

Main indices of efficacy such as objective response and stabilization frequency, objective response median and survival rate were evaluated in 84 patients with disseminated breast cancer receiving different doses of cytostatics: high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) plus transplantation of peripheral blood stem cells, standard-dose (SDC), dose reduced by 20% (RDC20) or by 50% (RDC50). There was an inverse correlation between complete+partial response frequency, on the one hand, and dosage, on the other: highest dose--70% and lowest dose--11.1%. Objective response median in both groups was pretty close--8.5 +/- 5.5 and 5 +/- 0.4% months, respectively. The lowering of dose involved a higher risk of tumor progression from 15% after HDC, 46.6%--SDC and 44.4%--RDC20 to 61.1% after RDC50, with likelihood of objective response decreasing. Nether median nor mean survival rates depended on dosage, nor the difference was significant (p = 0.72). Hence, adequate dose proved to be an important factor, as far as treatment efficacy is concerned. Escalation to high dose was followed by an increase in objective response rates to 70%, SDC - 35.7%, RDC20--33.4% and RDC50--11.1%. Yet, nether dose escalation nor dose reduction involved significant variation in survival (p = 0.72).

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Treatment with Miltex for metastatic skin lesions in breast cancer] .

Miltex (miltefosine) is a new antiproliferation drug comprising phospholipid ingredients. It is used for topical treatment of metastatic skin lesions in breast cancer. Clinical trials of the drug were conducted in 11 breast cancer patients resistant to standard therapy. Apparent therapeutic effect (partial regression) was registered in 27.3% (3/11). Moderate toxic effects were generally confined to skin itching (36.4%) and scaling (18.2%), erythema (18.2%), and paper skin (45.5%).

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Parameters of estrogen expression in patients with endometrial tumors as prognostic signs of the effectiveness of neoadjuvant antitumor hormone therapy].

Comparison was made of changes in such morphological characteristics of tumor as cell differentiation and mitotic activity in 142 patients with endometrial carcinoma in the course of treatment, using tamoxifen or oxyprogesterone capronate or both, and those of estrogen background (karyopicnotic, eosinophilic and maturity indices, numerical index of maturity and blood-estradiol level). Three levels of estrogen background-low, medium and high-were identified by assay of the colpocytological indices in postmenopausal patients with endometrial carcinoma. Levels of the colpocytological indices observed at high indices of estrogen background proved a reliable numerical criterion for evaluating the sensitivity of the patients to neoadjuvant hormone therapy. A significant correlation was established between high estrogen background, pathogenetic variant I and high differentiation of tumor cells. The high incidence of hormonal pathology in tumor tissue was registered when the colpocytological indices dropped by half after oxyprogesterone capronate treatment, and by third-after combined therapy (tamoxifen + oxyprogesterone capronate). In cases free from pronounced pathomorphism, said indices dropped by not more than 20%.

17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical picture of isolated retinal vasculitis].

Clinical picture of isolated retinal vasculitis (IRV) in 43 patients (25 men and 18 women) aged 22-42 years is analyzed. IRV was bilateral in 88.4% cases and involved the veins. Two forms of disease were distinguished: peripheral (in 75%) and central-peripheral (25%). Both forms were characterized by a high hemorrhagic activity, occlusion of vessels, ischemic zones and neovascularization of the retina and optic disk, but these signs were more frequent in central peripheral form of IRV. IRV is a grave disease leading to poor vision or blindness in 18% cases. The onset is poorly manifest with floating spots and blurred vision; the main symptom is vitreous hemorrhage. Visual acuity was significantly decreased in patients with occlusive IRV in comparison with those without occlusions (0.32 +/- 0.37 vs. 0.77 +/- 0.28). The earliest changes can be detected mainly in the peripheral parts of the retina. This necessitates special attention of ophthalmologist to seemingly negligible complaints of patients and thorough examination of the fundus oculi, particularly of its peripheral sections, which can be performed only on condition of adequate mydriasis. Only timely diagnosis and early pathogenetic therapy can decrease the probability of such complications as hemophthalmos, retinal neovascularization, detachment of retina, and neovascular glaucoma, and prevent disability.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Retinal vasculitis in Behçet's disease].

Behçet's disease (BD) is a multisystemic disorder characterized by primary vasculitis of unknown etiology. We studied retinal vasculitis in 35 patients with ocular form of BD. All patients fulfilled the International Study Group criteria for BD. Mean age was 30.8 +/- 6.5 years (19-45 years, mean follow-up period 4.1 +/- 1.29 years (3-10 years. The disease occurred 3.3 times more often in men than in women (p = 0.0003). Retinal vasculitis was diagnosed in 26 (74.3%) of 35 patients with ocular form of BD. Retinal vascular changes characteristic of BD were bilateral in 96.1% cases and involved both arteries and veins. The earliest changes were detectable only by fluorescent angiography. Diffuse capillary leakage was observed in all cases during the active period of disease, involving the posterior pole. The disk and macular capillaries were involved most of all. Late staining of vasculature was observed in 68.6% patients. No ruptures of retinal vessels, retinal neovascularization, or areas of retinal nonperfusion were observed (except one case with occlusion of a branch of the central retinal vein), which are usually seen in other types of retinal vasculitis. Visual acuity was significantly decreased in patients with retinal occlusive vasculitis in comparison with patients without it (0.04 +/- 0.09 vs. 0.3 +/- 0.3, p = 0.029).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Characteristics of retinal vascular involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus].

Retinal vascular abnormalities were studied in 194 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). All patients fulfilled the American Rheumatism Association criteria for SLE. The mean age of patients was 31.9 +/- 9.7 years (17-63 years), women falling ill 5 times more often than men. Retinal vascular abnormalities were found in 67 (34.5%) patients and were as follows: retinal angiopathy (80.6%), cotton-wool spots (10.4%), occlusion of central vein or its branches (3%), occlusion of a retinal artery branch (4.5%), and retinal vasculitis with extensive peripheral capillary nonperfusion and neovascularization (3%). In general, retinal vascular occlusions were found in 6.7% of all SLE patients and in 19.4% of SLE patients with retinal vascular changes. Retinal vascular occlusions in SLE patients were associated with the antiphospholipid syndrome. Retinopathy did not depend on systemic hypertension or duration of SLE but correlated with disease activity. Small retinal vessels were involved more often than large vessels (p < 0.0395) and arteries more often than veins (p = 0.0338). Visual outcomes were better in patients with cotton-wool spots than in those with severe retinal vaso-occlusive disease (0.92 +/- 0.09 and 0.15 +/- 0.13, respectively, p < 0.0000).

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Conservative therapy of isolated retinal vasculitis].

Isolated retinal vasculitis (IRV) is a form of retinal vasculitis without other types of eye inflammation or systemic vasculitis. Treatment of IRV is a difficult problem. We report the results of treatment of 43 IRV patients (25 men and 18 women, mean age 32.5 +/- 5.5 years with a range of 22-42 years). The main therapy for IRV were corticosteroids. They were used by pulse therapy, orally and locally (periocular injections). Improvement of visual acuity was more pronounced in patients treated by pulse therapy (0.35 +/- 0.15) than in those treated orally (0.16 +/- 0.06, p = 0.0132) and parabulbarly (0.06 +/- 0.12, p = 0.0009). Resorption of retinal perivascular exudate was sooner achieved by steroid pulse therapy than by oral treatment (8.1 +/- 2.2 days vs. 17.9 +/- 2.8 days, p < 0.0000) or periocular injection of steroids (30.9 +/- 7.1 days, p < 0.0000). Prednisolone (10-20 mg) was prescribed for 4-12 months in order to prevent IRV recurrences. Steroid-resistant patients were treated with cyclosporin A (5 mg/kg). The treatment was supplemented by fibrinolytics, angioprotectors, and antioxidants.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Laser coagulation and cryocoagulation in the treatment of isolated retinal angiitis].

Isolated retinal vasculitis (IRV) is a form of retinal vasculitis without other inflammations of the eye or systemic vasculitis. Occlusion of retinal vessels without subsequent retinal ischemia and neovascularization is one of the main problems in the management of such patients. Laser photocoagulation seems to be a method to control this problem. Argon laser photocoagulation was used in the treatment of 34 IRV patients (56 eyes) (29 men and 15 women aged 25-41 years, mean age 32.9 +/- 5.2 years). A total of 168 sessions were carried out. Regression of neovascularization was achieved in 29 of 44 eyes (79.5%). Additional cryotherapy had to be performed in 15 eyes, good results were attained in 9 eyes (60%). Patients treated with prednisolone in a daily dose of 10-20 mg during laser coagulation had IRV recurrences more rarely than those treated with lower doses (5 mg) (0-6.7% vs. 50%, p < 0.0013), those treated with metipred-depot for 7-14 days (0-6.7% vs. 53.8-66.6%, p < 0.0023), or untreated ones (0-6.7% vs. 73.9%, p < 0.0000).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Role of antiphospholipid antibodies in occlusion of retinal vessels in various vascular eye diseases].

A strong association between the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLab) and arterial and venous thrombosis was observed during the past decade. aPLab represent a heterogeneous group of immunoglobulins that include the lupus anticoagulant (LA), anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL), and antibodies responsible for false-positive test for syphilis. aPLab react with negatively charged, rarely with neutral phospholipids and/or phospholipid-binding proteins. aPLab are associated with vascular occlusion in autoimmune diseases, e.g. systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The role of aCL in ocular vascular occlusive disease involving retinal vessels is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between aPLab and occlusive retinal disease. A relationship between aCL (IgG), LA, and thrombotic retinal events has been detected in SLE patients, but no association between aPLab and other occlusive retinal diseases (central retinal vein thrombosis, isolated retinal vasculitis, optic nerve vasculitis). In our study the incidence of aCL IgG was higher in patients with Behcet disease with non-occlusive thrombosis than in patients with retinal occlusive events or in patients without occlusions or thrombosis. It seems that different mechanisms are responsible for these conditions.

Antibodies, Antiphospholipid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Preference for transscleral cryocoagulation of peripheral exudate in intermediate ubitis before traditional methods of treatment].

The term intermediate uveitis (IU) describes an anatomic distribution of ocular inflammation rather than a distinct clinicopathologic condition and includes pars planitis, chronic posterior cyclitis and peripheral uveitis. In the treatment of IU corticosteroids and cytostatic agents are of value but since the disease tends to have a long course they produce perminant side effects. Especially this therapy is undesirable in children. In some patients immunosuppressive therapy is not effective, particularly with peripheral neovascularization. Cryotherapy performed in 11 patients (16 eyes, 5 men, 6 women, mean age 22.9 +/- 8.1 years) with IU controlled inflammation during 13-37 months and prevented vitreous hemorrhage.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of corticosteroids and cytostatics in treating retinal angiitis in Behcet's disease].

Posterior uveitis and retinal vasculitis (RV) are the main causes of severe loss of vision or blindness in patients with Behçet's disease (BD). Treatment of RV in BD is a difficult problem, because the agents are effective in posterior uveitis and ineffective in RV. We observed 26 RV BD patients (20 men and 6 women aged 18-46 years, mean age 30.8 +/- 6.5 years), who were treated with corticosteroids and cytostatic drugs. Corticosteroids were used by pulse therapy, orally, and locally (periocular injections) during the active period. The results of pulse-therapy or oral corticosteroids were better than of periocular injections (92.8, 90.9, and 45.5%, respectively, p < 0.009). The velocity of reduction of inflammation and the degree of visual acuity improvement were better in the patients who received steroid pulse-therapy (12.7 +/- 2.4 and 0.19 +/- 0.21 days, respectively) in comparison with those who received oral steroids (17.7 +/- 1.8 days, p < 0.000, and 0.08 +/- 0.07, p = 0.0121). A combination of cyclophosphamide (200 mg/week intravenously) with prednisolone (10-15 mg/day) and cyclosporin (3.5 mg/kg/day) with prednisolone (10-15 mg/day) were effective for long control of RV BD patients.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Characteristics of the distribution of major histocompatibility system antigens in retinal vasculitis in patients with Behçet's disease].

The etiology of Behcet's disease (BD) has not been accurately specified until now, however, it is a fact of general knowledge that the genetic factors and environment have an effect on the pathogenesis of the disease. 21 histological antigens (HLA) were typed for 30 Caucasians with BD (14 of them had retinal vasculities, and 16 of them were without it). HLA A and HLA B were determined by using the standard lymphocyte microcytotoxicity technique. The disease was diagnosed in accordance with the criteria of the International Study Group for BD. 1000 healthy donors of the Middle European population were in the control group. The frequency of occurrence of HLA B-5 was reliably higher in patients with retinal vasculitis (85.7%, PR = 5.53) and without retinal vasculitis (68.8%, PR = 4.44) as compared to the controls (15.5%, p < 0.0000). The occlusive retinal vasculitis was found only in BD patients with HLA B-5 (p = 0.0242). The study shows that HLA B-5 is associated with BD and can be a marker of severe retinal vasculitis.

Adult↗