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Biomedical subjects

Moonkyu Kim

Publications and source records attributed to Moonkyu Kim.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Expression pattern and intensity of protoporphyrin IX induced by liposomal 5-aminolevulinic acid in rat pilosebaceous unit throughout hair cycle.

We have developed liposomal formulation of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) to enhance topical delivery and examined ALA-induced protoporpyrin (PpIX) expression in rat pilosebaceous unit throughout hair cycle. Two types of liposomes--glycerol dilaulate (GDL) and phosphatidylcholine (PC)--were formulated and both liposomal ALA increased PpIX expression in rat dorsal skin and pilosebaceous units when compared with free ALA. However, iontophoresis combined with liposomal ALA reduced the expression intensity of PpIX in hair bulbs although it achieved deeper and wider expression of PpIX through transfollicular pathway. After topical application in intact or depilated rat skin, liposomal ALA produced excellent PpIX expression in pilosebaceous units. The expression pattern and intensity of PpIX changed in hair cycle-dependent manner: specific expression only in sebaceous glands was observed at telogen; strong expression in whole pilosebaceous units was shown at anagen with intense expressions in hair bulbs and sebaceous glands; and a pattern similar to anagen but reduced intensity in the hair bulbs was seen at catagen. Throughout hair cycle, the expression pattern and intensity were dramatically changed in hair follicular epithelial cells depending on the cell density and proliferation activity of those cells, whereas those were consistent in sebaceous glands regardless of hair cycle. Little expression was shown in dermis. Photoactivation effect of 20% liposomal ALA-PDT using a red filtered-halogen lamp damaged sebaceous glands, hair follicles and epidermal layers. Formation of a thicker epidermal layer was observed, and hair induction after depilation was inhibited along with damage in sebaceous glands.

Aminolevulinic Acid↗
PubMed2005

Gene expression profiles in varicose veins using complementary DNA microarray.

BACKGROUND: There has been little information reported about the genetic event concerning the pathophysiology of varicose vein (VV). OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the differentiation of gene expression in the wall of VV using complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) microarrays. METHODS: The study was performed with four pairs of VVs and control veins (CVs). cDNA specimens of VVs were prepared from the ribonucleic acid-isolated VVs of patients who underwent venous obliteration, using radiofrequency, as well as from CVs of those who underwent aortocoronary bypass grafting. Each set of VVs and CVs was hybridized with high-density microarray containing 3,063 human cDNAs. The finding of microarray hybridization were scanned, analyzed, and classified with the cluster program. RESULTS: Among 3,063 cDNA clones, 82 genes were up-regulated in VVs, and some of the up-regulated genes, which were detected by cDNA microarray, including transforming growth factor 3-induced gene (BIGH3), tubulin, lumican, actinin, collagen type I, versican, actin, and tropomyosin, belonged to extracelluar matrix molecules, cytoskeletal proteins, or myofibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS: Many up-regulated genes were found in Ws by applying cDNA microarray. These gene profiles suggested a pathway associated with fibrosis and that wound healing might be related to the pathophysiology of VVs.

DNA, Complementary↗
PubMed2003

Detection of human papillomavirus 60 in epidermal cysts of nonpalmoplantar location.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 57 and 60 are associated with epidermal cysts of palmoplantar location (PPECs). Recently, there was a report of HPV 60 in a wart located in a nonpalmoplantar area as a possible precursor of a nonpalmoplantar epidermal cyst (NPPEC). There has been no study that has examined the presence and frequency of HPV in ordinary NPPECs. We reviewed 63 cases of epidermal cysts, including 59 NPPECs and 4 PPECs. After routine histopathologic review, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of extracted DNA, sequencing of PCR products, and, finally, a homology search were undertaken. As a result, 9 of 63 (14.3%) cysts, including 6 of 59 NPPECs (10.2%), showed a positive reaction on PCR. By homology search after PCR, all were demonstrated as HPV 60. For NPPECs, no variables, including some histopathologic features, are significantly related to the presence of HPV 60 in univariate or multivariate analysis (P > 0.05).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Glypican-3 is overexpressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma.

To identify candidate genes that could be used as diagnostic and therapeutic targets for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we searched for the genes that are overexpressed in HCC by combining representational difference analysis and microarray. Genes such as glypican-3 (GPC3), insulin-like growth factor 2, long-chain fatty-acid-coenzyme A ligase 4, farnesyl diphosphate synthase were frequently identified in our screening. Northern blot analysis with these four genes confirmed their overexpression in HCC. Among them we found that GPC3 transcript is upregulated in six out of seven cases of HCC. Immunoblot and immunohistochemical staining using polyclonal anti-GPC3 antibodies further confirmed that GPC3 protein is indeed increased in HCC tumor samples. We also found that GPC3 is secreted into culture media from cell lines derived from HCC. We conclude that GPC3 is a good molecular marker for HCC.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed2003

Fatty acid-CoA ligase 4 is overexpressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma.

Fatty acid-CoA ligase 4 (FACL4) is a central enzyme controlling the unesterified arachidonic acid (AA) level in cells. It has been shown that FACL4 blocks apoptosis and promotes colon carcinogenesis by lowering the cellular level of unesterified AA. Consistent with this, FACL4 is upregulated in colon adenocarcinoma. The status of FACL4 in other tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not known. Here, we report that FACL4 is overexpressed in human HCC compared with adjacent normal liver tissues. FACL4 mRNA and protein were overexpressed in 5 out of 12 (41.7%) and 3 out of 8 (37.5%) cases of HCC, respectively. Immunohistochemical staining showed strong fine granular intracytoplasmic staining in tumor cells, whereas we observed occasional weak staining in normal liver tissues surrounding the tumors. We found that 14 out of 37 (37.8%) HCC expressed moderate to strong FACL4 immunostaining. Both normal adult and fetal liver tissues showed very weak to no detectable staining, whereas 3 out of 10 (30%) cirrhotic livers expressed weak staining. In addition, we found that 4 out of 8 (50%) human hepatoma cell lines expressed high levels of FACL4 by northern blot analysis. Our results show that FACL4 is a new molecular marker for HCC and suggest that the FACL4 pathway may be involved in liver carcinogenesis.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Common genes responsible for differentiation and senescence of human mucosal and epidermal keratinocytes.

Serial subcultures of normal human oral keratinocytes (NHOKs) and normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) to the postmitotic stage result in terminal differentiation and replicative senescence. In order to investigate the common mode of differentiation and/or senescence between mucosal and epidermal keratinocytes, gene expression profiling on both NHOKs and NHEKs was performed by a cDNA microarray analysis. Primary NHOKs and NHEKs were serially subcultured, and the expression level of 3,063 genes was compared between the exponentially growing and senescent cultures. The senescent NHOKs and NHEKs highly expressed 55 and 37 genes, respectively. Among these genes, 16 genes were common in both NHOKs and NHEKs while the other genes were upregulated either in the NHOKs or in the NHEKs. Furthermore, the expression levels of the common genes did not change in the human diploid fibroblasts during the subcultures. These results suggest that subculture-induced differentiation and/or replicative senescence in NHOKs and NHEKs has similar characteristics, but that the pathways leading to these processes are distinct and keratinocyte specific.

Blotting, Northern↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Discovery of differentially expressed genes related to histological subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common human malignancies in the world. To identify the histological subtype-specific genes of HCC, we analyzed the gene expression profile of 10 HCC patients by means of cDNA microarray. We proposed a systematic approach for determining the discriminatory genes and revealing the biological phenomena of HCC with cDNA microarray data. First, normalization of cDNA microarray data was performed to reduce or minimize systematic variations. On the basis of the suitably normalized data, we identified specific genes involved in histological subtype of HCC. Two classification methods, Fisher's discriminant analysis (FDA) and support vector machine (SVM), were used to evaluate the reliability of the selected genes and discriminate the histological subtypes of HCC. This study may provide a clue for the needs of different chemotherapy and the reason for heterogeneity of the clinical responses according to histological subtypes.

Algorithms↗