Molecular regulation of osteoblasts for tissue engineered bone repair.
The use of biodegradable polymers in medicine and biomedical research is increasing. A key growth area has been the use of these materials in tissue engineering, especially for guided regeneration of bone and cartilage. Our interest has been in determining the mechanisms by which cellular attachment and growth occurs on these materials. In the current study, we examined human osteoblast cell adhesion, growth, and morphologic changes on polymeric scaffolds composed of polylactic-co-glycolic acid and polylactic acid materials. We examined these characteristics in association with measurements of levels of key adhesion integrin receptors in the presence and absence of antibodies against alpha2, alpha3, alpha4, alpha5, alpha6, and beta1 subunits, and the adhesion ligand peptides RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) and RGE (Arg-Gly-Ser). At 2 hours, results showed initial cell adhesion was considerably decreased on polylactic-co-glycolic acid and polylactic acid in the presence of the alpha2 and beta1, antibodies with a 70% adhesion rate difference observed among the groups evaluated. Higher levels of inhibition were observed on polylactic-co-glycolic acid relative to polylactic acid, which may be correlated to a higher number of cells being able to interact with the surface initially. The presence of known competitive peptide (RGD) at 2 hours, revealed its ability to block cellular adhesion to these matrices relative to the control and noncompetitive peptide RGE on polylactic-co-glycolic acid matrices. Overall adhesion rate was affected by the presence of the integrin antibodies to the alpha2, alpha3, alpha4, alpha5, alpha6, and beta1 subunits with highest differences among polylactic-co-glycolic acid relative to its control, therefore suggesting that initial osteoblastic cell adhesion to commonly used biomaterials is regulated through integrin binding.