[Changes of tissue factor pathway in essential hypertension].
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
Ming Sun
Publications and source records attributed to Ming Sun.
[Effect of perindopril on renal interstitial fibrosis of hypertension in rats].
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of perindopril on renal interstitial fibrosis of spontaneously hypertensive rats and on the expression of transforming growth factor-beta1. METHODS: Spontaneously hypertensive rats at the age of 9 weeks were randomly assigned to 2 groups: Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, vehicle once daily, n = 10) and Treament-SHR (T-SHR, perindopril, 4 mg/(kg x d), per day PO, n = 10). Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY, n = 7) were served as controls. After 10 weeks of treatment, the serum concentration of TGF-beta1, collagen type I, III and TGF-beta1 in the renal interstitum and renal mRNA levels of TGF-beta1 were detected. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the serum TGF-beta1 levels among the 3 groups (P > 0.05). Immunohistochemical studies revealed a significant interstitial accumulation of collagens I, III and TGF-beta1 in SHR compared with those in WKY (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). These changes in SHR were significantly ameliorated by the administration of perindopril (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). In SHR, renal TGF-beta1 mRNA expression was increased significantly compared with that in WKY (P < 0.01), but perindopril decreased it to the normal levels of WKY (P > 0.05). The increased expression of TGF-beta1 was blocked by perindopril. The expressions of collagens I and III in renal interstitum significantly correlated with the accumulation of TGF-beta1 in the renal (r = 0. 734, r = 0.762, respectively; P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The tubulointerstitial fibrosis of spontaneously hypertensive rats is mediated by an increased level of TGF-beta1 in the renal tissue, and perindopril may decrease the expression of TGF-beta1 to ameliorate the tubulointerstitial fibrosis.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
[Effect of the polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene on the plasma angiotensin II levels and the risk of chronic heart failure].
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene D/I on the plasma angiotensin II levels and the risk of chronic heart failure. METHODS: The genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 181 subjects (102 controls and 79 patients with chronic heart failure). The levels of plasma Ang II were also assessed by radio-immunity assay (RIA) in the above subjects. RESULTS: A marked difference in the plasma Ang II levels was observed among the 3 genotypes (DD, ID and II). The levels of plasma Ang II in DD genotype class were the highest [DD: (65.43+/-26.68), ID: (55.49+/-25.90), II: (46.69+/-23.00); P <0.05, DD vs ID; P <0.01, DD vs II]. The ACE gene I/D polymorphism showed that the levels of Ang I were still affected by the ACE genotype after correcting confounding multifactor by linear regression analysis. There was no difference in genotypes or allele frequencies between the patients and the controls in our study. CONCLUSION: The polymorphism of ACE gene D/I is associated with higher plasma Ang II levels in the Chinese. No evidence supports an association between ACE genotype and the diagnosis of chronic heart failure.
Adolescent↗
Protection of mice infected with Plasmodium berghei by Bacillus thuringiensis crystal proteins.
Eight Bacillus thuringiensis strains were used to test their activity against Plasmodium berghei. When crystal proteins extracted from strains 007, 017, 020, 021, 030, 032, and 037 were injected into plasmodium-infected mice through the tail vein at a rate of 0.45-1.5 mg per mouse, the lengths of survival for the mice were extended up to 5 days (from 8.5 days to 13.5-15 days). Blood-cell staining demonstrated that normal erythrocytes were lightly stained and regularly shaped while the erythrocytes from plasmodia-infected mice swelled, lost shape and even lysed. This means that the crystal proteins could protect erythrocytes from the plasmodium's attack. Proteins analysis revealed that most of the proteins are homologues of classic crystal proteins, with the exception of the 120-kDa protein of strain 020, a surface-layer protein. This study suggested a novel way to control plasmodial infections and even malaria.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Molecular recognition between 4a S/R-galanthamine diastereoisomers and alpha-cyclodextrin.
Molecular recognition between 4a S/R-galanthamine diastereoisomers (1: 4a S-galanthamine;2: 4a R-galanthamine) and alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CD) were studied by use of docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approaches. The binding energy of constructed 2...alpha-CD complexes is approximately 17 kcal mol(-1) lower than that of 1...alpha-CD, implying a stronger binding ability of 2 with alpha-CD than that of1. The theoretical modeling result is consistent with our previous CZE result, which demonstrated that alpha-CD is an efficient chiral additive for separating 1 and 2. The modeling result also indicates that both hydrophobic interaction and H-bond force may work as major factors for molecular recognition between the galanthamine diastereoisomers and alpha-CD.
Computer Simulation↗
Determination of spore concentration in Bacillus thuringiensis through the analysis of dipicolinate by capillary zone electrophoresis.
A new capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method for the analysis of dipicolinic acid, a specific component found in spores but not in vegetative cells, was used to determine spore concentration in Bacillus thuringiensis according to the relationship between the spore concentration and the content of dipicolinate. The quantitative relationship was established by using purified spores. Electrolyte conditions that affected the separation efficiency of dipicolinate and the reproducibility were investigated. With 10 mM phosphate, 10 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and 0.25 mM tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide at pH 6.2 as the carrier electrolyte, dipicolinate can be determined within 8 min at an applied voltage of -25 kV (anode at detector) and a capillary temperature of 25 degrees C. The method has a high separation efficiency with which the number of theoretical plates is above 300,000 plates m(-1). The relative standard deviations for migration time and peak area are less than 0.5% and 2.0%, respectively. The detection limit for dipicolinate was 10 ng ml(-1), which corresponds to 7.2 x 10(5) spores ml(-1). The method was used to determine spores in fermentation broths, and the results obtained agreed well with the values obtained by plate counting.
Bacillus thuringiensis↗
Molecular modeling of diastereoisomeric aggregates of l/d ser/histamine amide with 5'-TpTpdC-3'.
Novel nonpeptide serine/histamine amides (1: l-Ser-Hism,2: d-Ser-Hism) with potent DNA cleavage activity were designed. Conformational analysis and docking study were carried out in an attempt to understand the DNA cleavage mechanism of the designed enantiomeric nonpeptides. First, the most stable conformers of the designed amides were obtained from the conformational analysis by random search. Next, the three-dimensional structures of l-Ser-Hism.5'-TpTpdC-3' and d-Ser-Hism.5'-TpTpdC-3' complexes were built using molecular docking techniques. The docked diastereoisomeric aggregates show that both l-Ser-Hism and d-Ser-Hism bind to two neighboring phosphates in the 5'-TpTpdC-3' backbone through H-bonds. This binding mode suggests a possible phosphodiester bond hydrolysis mechanism. In addition, the binding energies of two constructed complexes were also calculated with the Tripos force field. It indicates that the binding ability between l-Ser-Hism and 5'-TpTpdC-3' is stronger than that of d-Ser-Hism, suggesting a stronger DNA cleavage activity of l-Ser-Hism than that of d-Ser-Hism. The results agree with our experimental DNA cleavage assays. Supplementary material is available for this article if you access the article at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00894-002-0114-9. A link in the frame on the left on that page takes you directly to the supplementary material. Figure Docking structures of1 and2 binding with oligonucleotide: l-Ser-Hism.5'-TpTpdC-3'(left), d-Ser-Hism.5'-TpTpdC-3'(right). Hydrogen bonds are shown in dotted lines. Only one strand of the oligonucleotide is shown for clarity
Amides↗
Recognition of thymine by triazine fluorescent probe through intermolecular multiple hydrogen bonding.
In order to design a fluorescent probe with a long wavelength and multiple hydrogen bond sites for thymine, 3-(4-chloro-6-methylamino-1,3,5-triazinylamino)-7-dimethylamino-2-methylphenazine is synthesized by subsequently reacting neutral red and methylamine with cyanuric chloride. Its recognition behavior for thymine and its spectroscopic properties in different solvents are studied. The probe's fluorescence can be selectively quenched by thymine instead of guanine, indicating that fully complementary hydrogen bonding plays a key role in such recognition processes. In addition, the recognition mechanism of the probe for thymine and the bathochromic shift of its fluorescence spectra with the solvent polarity are also discussed.
Absorption↗
Simple PbII fluorescent probe based on PbII-catalyzed hydrolysis of phosphodiester.
A new fluorescent probe for PbII, p-nitrophenyl 3H-phenoxazin-3-one-7-yl phosphoric acid (NPPA), was designed and synthesized by linking resorufin (serving as a fluorophore and electron acceptor) to p-nitrophenol (serving as a fluorescence quencher and electron donor) through phosphodiester bonds. When NPPA was irradiated with light, intramolecular fluorescence self-quenching took place because of the photoinduced electron transfer from the donor to the acceptor. However, upon the addition of PbII, the phosphate ester bonds in the probe were cleaved and the fluorophore was released, accompanying the retrievement of fluorescence.
Catalysis↗
An intramolecular benzyl rearrangement of 1-(N-benzyloxycarbonylamino)alkylphosphonate diesters under electrospray ionization conditions.
The mass spectrometric behavior of eleven 1-(N-benzyloxycarbonyl(Cbz)amino)alkylphosphonate diesters was studied under positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI) conditions. Their fragmentation pathways are depicted and supported by tandem mass spectrometry. Besides the common eliminations of ether, benzyl alcohol, phosphite and an ether plus benzyl alcohol from molecular ions, the title compounds show a tendency to undergo an interesting intramolecular benzyl rearrangement to yield benzylphosphonate ions. The fragmentation patterns do not depend on the substituent attached to the alpha-carbon atom.
Enzyme Inhibitors↗
Measurement of human daily physical activity.
OBJECTIVES: To validate a new device, Intelligent Device for Energy Expenditure and Activity (IDEEA), for the measurement of duration, frequency, and intensity of various types of human physical activity (PA). RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: The ability of IDEEA to identify and quantify 32 types of PA, including the most common daily exercise and nonexercise PA, was tested in 76 subjects: Subjects included males (N = 33) and females (N = 43) ranging in age from 13 to 72 years with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 24.7 kg/m(2) (range: 18.4 to 41.0) [43 females: 13 to 72 years old and BMI 18.4 to approximately 41.0 kg/m(2) (mean = 24.7 kg/m(2)); 33 males: 15 to approximately 72 years old and BMI 21.0 to approximately 38.4 kg/m(2) (mean = 25.9 kg/m(2))]. Postures, limb movements, and jumping were tested using a timed protocol of specific activities. Walking and running were tested using a 60-meter track, on which subjects walked and ran at 6 self-selected speeds. Stair climbing and descending were tested by timing subjects who climbed and descended a flight of stairs at two different speeds. RESULTS: Correct identification rates averaged 98.9% for posture and limb movement type and 98.5% for gait type. Pooled correlation between predicted and actual speeds of walking and running was high (r = 0.986, p <or= 0.0001). DISCUSSION: IDEEA accurately measured duration, frequency, type, and intensity of a variety of daily PAs.
Adolescent↗
Induction of hepatitis C virus-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in mice and rhesus by artificial multiple epitopes sequence.
The investigation of antigenic epitopes in hepatitis C virus (HCV) protein suggests that a central sequence combined with multiple antigenic epitopes of HCV might be significant as a potential vaccine candidate. This artificial sequence of combined and modified multiple antigenic epitopic peptides (Hc-B2), containing three B and four T cell epitopes, was constructed and expressed in E. coli. Antigen analysis indicated that this peptide antigen was capable of interacting with anti-sera collected from hepatitis C patients infected by three genotypes of HCV from three different geographic areas of China, respectively. The immunological analysis of this peptide antigen in mice and rhesus suggested that its immunogenicity was effective. However, a complete evaluation of this peptide could not be made as an effective animal model for HCV infection (such as in the chimpanzee) was not available for this study.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Predicting energy expenditure of physical activity using hip- and wrist-worn accelerometers.
To investigate the association between physical activity and health, we need accurate and detailed free-living physical activity measurements. The determination of energy expenditure of activity (EEACT) may also be useful in the treatment and maintenance of nutritional diseases such as diabetes mellitus. Minute-to-minute energy expenditure during a 24-h period was measured in 60 sedentary normal female volunteers (35.4 +/- 9.0 years, body mass index 30.0 +/- 5.9 kg/m2), using a state-of-the-art whole-room indirect calorimeter. The activities ranged from sedentary deskwork to walking and stepping at different intensities. Body movements were simultaneously measured using a hip-worn triaxial accelerometer (Tritrac-R3D, Hemokentics, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin) and a wrist-worn uniaxial accelerometer (ActiWatch AW64, MiniMitter Co., Sunriver, Oregon) on the dominant arm. Movement data from the accelerometers were used to develop nonlinear prediction models (separately and combined) to estimate EEACT and compared for accuracy. In a subgroup (n=12), a second 24-h study period was repeated for cross-validation of the combined model. The combined model, using Tritrac-R3D and ActiWatch, accurately estimated total EEACT (97.7 +/- 3.2% of the measured values, p=0.781), as compared with using ActiWatch (86.0 +/- 4.7%, p<0.001) or Tritrac-R3D (90.0 +/- 4.6%, p<0.001) alone. This model was also accurate for all intensity categories during various physical activities. The subgroup cross-validation also showed accurate and reproducible predictions by the combination model. In this study, we demonstrated that movement measured using accelerometers at the hip and wrist could be used to accurately predict EEACT of various types and intensity of activities. This concept can be extended to develop valid models for the accurate measurement of free-living energy metabolism in clinical populations.
Algorithms↗
[Microcystin contamination of fish on Poyang Lake in Jiangxi province].
In order to investigate the level of microcystin contamination of fish and its dynamic change in fish body, samples of freshwater as well as fish were collected from Poyang lake in Jiangxi province in July and October in 2000 respectively. Microcystin were tested for all samples via ELISA method. The results showed that: all freshwater samples collected in July and October contained blue-green alga and it has become a dominant alga. Microsystin content was higher in freshwater collected in October than that of in July. The average content level of microcystin in freshwater of river bank and Yongxiu river was 888.8 ng/ml, being ten times higher than that of water of Bang lake 1, Bang lake 2 and Big lake pool (83.6 pg/ml). The highest level of microcystin was 1036.9 pg/ml in freshwater of Yongxiu river. Microcystin could be detected in all samples of fish muscle and fish liver. The level of microcystin in muscle of fish collected in October was 1.2 to 2.0 times higher of that collected in July, and microcystin in liver of fish collected in October was 2.0 to 20 times higher of that collected in July. The average level of microcystin in fish liver in river bank and Yongxiu river was 27.2 ng/g, being significantly higher than that of in Bang lake1, Bang lake 2 and Big lake pool (2.8 ng/g).
Animals↗
[Expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in aorta of early hypertensive rats].
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) of aorta wall in acute phase of hypertension in rats with 2 kidney and 1 clip(2K1C). METHOD: The MCP-1 mRNA on aorta wall was detected by in situ hybridization and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). RESULTS: No MCP-1 was expressed in normal rat, but it was expressed on the aorta wall of rats in 1 week after 2K1C hypertensive model was formed. The expression of MCP-1 increased with the development of hypertension. CONCLUSION: The expression of MCP-1 on aorta wall of 2K1C hypertensive rats increases in the early stage of hypertension, which may play an important role in accelerating atherosclerosis.
Animals↗
[Serum nitric oxide and D-dimer before and after administering antihypertensive drugs in essential hypertension].
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship among serum nitric oxide, D-dimer, blood pressure, dangerous states and target organ damage in essential hypertension and to evaluate the effects of enalapril and terazosin. METHODS: Fifty-five patients were randomized into the enalapril group and terazosin group, each group receiving enalapril and terazosin respectively for 8 weeks. Serum nitric oxide and D-dimer were measured before and after the treatment. RESULTS: Serum nitric oxide was lower (P < 0.001) but D-dimer was higher (P < 0.01) in the hypertensions than those in the controls. Serum nitric oxide and D-dimer were related to different levels of blood pressure, dangerous states and target organ damage; Both enalapril and terazosin could reduce the level of blood pressure; Both could increase the serum nitric oxide (P < 0.001) and decrease the D-dimer(P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Endothelial dysfunction and microthrombin can be found in the early stage of essential hypertension. Both enalapril and terazosin could improve the endothelial function and prothrombotic state by promoting the synthesis of nitric oxide.
Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
[Construction of insecticidal recombinant Bacillus thuringiensis using an integrative vector].
Insecticidal crystal protein gene cry1C which is highly toxic to Spodoptera exigua was cloned into an integrative vector pBMB-F7E, which was derived from Bacillus thuringiensis transposon Tn4430. The recombinant integrative plasmid pBMB-FLC harboring the cry1C gene was gained and transformed into a wild-type Bt strain YBT803-1. A transformant BMB803-A was obtained, and grown at 46 degrees C for about 120 generations, From which three recombinants with cry1C gene integrating into the chromosome were achieved at a frequency of approximately 3.4 x 10(-5). Southern blotting revealed that the integration occurred in different sites of the chromosome. The integrated cry1C were expressed effectively. The results of bioassays showed that the toxicity of recombinants BMB803-X and BMB803-Z against Plutella xylostella were similar to that of strain YBT803-1, and their toxicity to Spodoptera exigua were higher than that of strain YBT803-1.
Animals↗
[Displaying polyhistidine peptide on the cell surface of Bacillus thuringiensis by S-layer protein].
Cell surface layer (S-layer) is the outmost structure of bacterium cell and covers the intact cell. S-layer protein of Bacillus thuringiensis strain CTC (CTC protein) was used as carrier protein to display polyhistidine (polyHis) peptides on the cell surface. Series fusion protein genes were constructed by inserting DNA fragments encoding (6His)1, (6His)2, (6His)3, (6His)9 and (6His)15 polyHis peptides into CTC protein gene at the site of downstream of slh domain. With the help of recombinant plasmid pBMB-CSA, which contains operon csaAB needed for S-layer protein anchoring on cell surface, fusion protein genes were expressed in crystal negative B. thuringiensis strain 4Q7. SDS-PAGE profiles demonstrated that all the fusion proteins except CTC-(6His)15 were expressed. Ni-NTA-agarose beads binding test showed that all recombinant strains could attach to agarose beads except 4Q7 (pBMB-CSA, pBMB-SH15). Cd2+ adsorption test indicated that the adsorption ability of all recombinant strains except 4Q7 (pBMB-CSA, pBMB-SH15) were higher than that of host strains. The Cd2+ adsorption quantity of the recombinant strain with strongest adsorption ability was twice higher than that of host strain.
Adsorption↗