Biomedical subjects

Ming Lei

Publications and source records attributed to Ming Lei.

62 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMed2002

Development of heart failure and congenital septal defects in mice lacking endothelial nitric oxide synthase.

BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth, apoptosis, and tissue perfusion. Recent studies showed that mice deficient in eNOS developed abnormal aortic bicuspid valves. The aim of the present study was to additionally investigate the role of eNOS in heart development. METHODS AND RESULTS: We examined postnatal mortality, cardiac function, and septum defects in eNOS(-/-), eNOS(+/-), and wild-type mice. Postnatal mortality was significantly increased in eNOS(-/-) (85.1%) and eNOS(+/-) (38.3%) compared with wild-type mice (13.3%, P<0.001). Postmortem examination found severe pulmonary congestion with focal alveolar edema in mice deficient in eNOS. Heart shortening determined by ultrasound crystals was significantly decreased in eNOS(-/-) compared with wild-type mice (P<0.05). Congenital atrial and ventricular septal defects were found in neonatal hearts. The incidence of atrial or ventricular septal defects was significantly increased in eNOS(-/-) (75%) and eNOS(+/-) (32.4%) neonates compared with those of the wild-type mice (4.9%). At embryonic days 12.5 and 15.5, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial caspase-3 activity were increased in the myocardium of eNOS(-/-) compared with wild-type embryos (P<0.01), and increases in apoptosis persisted to neonatal stage in eNOS(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS: Deficiency in eNOS results in heart failure and congenital septal defects during cardiac development, which is associated with increases in cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Our data demonstrate that eNOS plays an important role in normal heart development.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Two mcm3 mutations affect different steps in the initiation of DNA replication.

Mcm3 is a subunit of the hexameric MCM2-7 complex required for the initiation and elongation of DNA replication in eukaryotes. We have characterized two mutant alleles, mcm3-1 and mcm3-10, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and showed that they are defective at different steps of the replication initiation process. Mcm3-10 contains a P118L substitution that compromises its interaction with Mcm5 and the recruitment of Mcm3 and Mcm7 to a replication origin. P118 is conserved between Mcm3, Mcm4, Mcm5, and Mcm7. An identical substitution of this conserved residue in Mcm5 (P83L of mcm5-bob1) strengthens the interaction between Mcm3 and Mcm5 and allows cells to enter S phase independent of Cdc7-Dbf4 kinase (Hardy, C. F., Dryga, O., Pahl, P. M. B., and Sclafani, R. A. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 94, 3151-3155). Mcm3-1 contains a G246E mutation that diminishes the efficiency of replication initiation (Yan, H., Merchant, A. M., and Tye, B. K. (1993) Genes Dev. 7, 2149-2160) but not its interaction with Mcm5 or recruitment of the MCM2-7 complex to replication origin. These observations indicate that Mcm3-10 is defective in a step before, and Mcm3-1 is defective in a step after the recruitment of the MCM2-7 complex to replication origins.

Alleles↗

PubMed2002

Role of the 293b-sensitive, slowly activating delayed rectifier potassium current, i(Ks), in pacemaker activity of rabbit isolated sino-atrial node cells.

OBJECTIVES: (i) to characterize the electrophysiological properties of the slowly activating delayed rectifier potassium current, i(Ks), defined as the 293b-sensitive current, during the action potential (AP) of rabbit sino-atrial node (SAN) pacemaker cells; (ii) to evaluate the contribution of i(Ks) to the pacemaker AP under physiological conditions and during beta-adrenergic stimulation. METHODS: Rabbit SAN pacemaker cells were studied using the perforated patch clamp technique in voltage-, AP- and current-clamp modes. RESULTS: Voltage-clamp findings. Block of i(Ks) by 293b is dose-dependent, with an IC(50) (half block) in rabbit SAN cells of 1.35 microM and an IC(80) (sub-maximal block) of 5 microM. Sub-maximal concentrations of 293b have no significant effects on long-lasting and transient inward calcium currents, i(Ca,L) and i(Ca,T), inward hyperpolarization activated current, i(f), and transient outward current, i(to). AP-clamp experiments. The 293b-sensitive current activates near the peak of the SAN pacemaker action potential, reaches a mean maximal current density of 1.0+/-0.3 pA/pF (n=8, cell capacitances 27 to 62 pF, mean 35+/-4.0 pF) during late repolarization, and inactivates towards the end of repolarization. Additionally, in two smaller cells (cell capacitances 15 and 23 pF), no discernible 293b-sensitive current component was detected. Current-clamp data. In spontaneously beating SAN cells under control conditions, sub-maximal block of i(Ks) by 5 microM 293b has negligible effects on action potential characteristics and does not change average cycle length (n=11). In contrast, after pre-treatment with 10 nM isoprenaline to mimic beta-adrenergic stimulation, cells showed a 293b-induced depolarization of maximum diastolic potential by 2.2+/-1%, a decrease in diastolic depolarization rate by 9.9+/-4%, and a slowing of late action potential repolarization by 28.7+/-10.2%, resulting in a prolongation of spontaneous cycle length by 9.8+/-3.0% (P<0.05, n=10; for all parameters). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that in rabbit SAN: (i) i(Ks) is activated during the normal pacemaker AP; (ii) the contribution of i(Ks) to beating rate is small under control conditions; and (iii) i(Ks) contributes significantly to spontaneous pacemaker rate during beta-adrenergic stimulation.

Action Potentials↗

PubMed2002

Pak1 kinase homodimers are autoinhibited in trans and dissociated upon activation by Cdc42 and Rac1.

Pak1, a serine/threonine kinase that regulates the actin cytoskeleton, is an effector of the Rho family GTPases Cdc42 and Rac1. The crystal structure of Pak1 revealed an autoinhibited dimer that must dissociate upon GTPase binding. We show that Pak1 forms homodimers in vivo and that its dimerization is regulated by the intracellular level of GTP-Cdc42 or GTP-Rac1. The dimerized Pak1 adopts a trans-inhibited conformation: the N-terminal inhibitory portion of one Pak1 molecule in the dimer binds and inhibits the catalytic domain of the other. One GTPase interaction can result in activation of both partners. Another ligand, betaPIX, can stably associate with dimerized Pak1. Dimerization does not facilitate Pak1 trans-phosphorylation. We conclude that the functional significance of dimerization is to allow trans-inhibition.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2002

Heterogeneous expression of Ca(2+) handling proteins in rabbit sinoatrial node.

We investigated the densities of the L-type Ca(2+) current, i(Ca,L), and various Ca(2+) handling proteins in rabbit sinoatrial (SA) node. The density of i(Ca,L), recorded with the whole-cell patch-clamp technique, varied widely in sinoatrial node cells. The density of i(Ca,L) was significantly (p<0.001) correlated with cell capacitance (measure of cell size) and the density was greater in larger cells (likely to be from the periphery of the SA node) than in smaller cells (likely to be from the center of the SA node). Immunocytochemical labeling of the L-type Ca(2+) channel, Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) release channel (RYR2), and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) pump (SERCA2) also varied widely in SA node cells. In all cases there was significantly (p<0.05) denser labeling of cells from the periphery of the SA node than of cells from the center. In contrast, immunocytochemical labeling of the Na(+)-K(+) pump was similar in peripheral and central cells. We conclude that Ca(2+) handling proteins are sparse and poorly organized in the center of the SA node (normally the leading pacemaker site), whereas they are more abundant in the periphery (at the border of the SA node with the surrounding atrial muscle).

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Mechanisms of pulse response and differential response of bacteriorhodopsin and their relations.

Bacteriorhodopsin (BR) films are oriented and deposited on indium tin oxide conductive glass by using electrophoretic sedimentation and Langmuir-Blodgett methods to construct sandwich-type photocells, respectively. The pulse response photoelectric signal of the BR photocell under pulsed laser and the differential response photoelectric signal under irradiation of interval light are measured. The origins of these two types of photoelectric responses and their correlations are analyzed. The pulse response signal initiates from the ultrafast charge separation of the retinal and the proton translocation followed by the deprotonation and reprotonation of the Schiff base and its surrounding amino acids. This is a quick response and is the preceding reaction of the differential response. The differential response signal is caused by the charging and discharging of the continuous proton current of the BR light-driven proton pump at light-on and light-off, which is a slow process. The differential response is related to not only the construction of the BR photocell but also the coupling mode of measurement. To observe the differential response signal, the BR photocell must have large enough B3 and B3' components in its pulse response as well as an alternative coupling mode to measure it.

Bacteriorhodopsins↗

PubMed2002

[Two types of photoelectric differential responses of bacteriorhodopsin and their mechanisms].

Based on experimental measurement of the pulse response of the bacteriorhodopsin (BR) film photocell, the impact response function of the device is obtained by data fitting with MATLAB software. A simulation system is accordingly built with the SIMULINK module. The output response signals of the BR film photocell under different stepping incident light are calculated based on this simulation system. It is concluded that the differential response described before (which occurs in milliseconds to seconds, outputs a positive pulse when light is on, and outputs a negative pulse when light is off) was not the intrinsic property of the BR molecule, but was partially caused by the measuring circuit. The differential response caused by the intrinsic property of the BR molecule happened in microsecond time scale, and it produced a negative pulse when light is on and a positive pulse when light is off. The mechanisms of the two types of differential responses are discussed.

Bacterial Proteins↗

PubMed2001

Characteristics and the Mechanism of Bacteriorhodopsin Photoelectric Response.

Oriented bacteriorhodopsin films were prepared on ITO conductive glass by using electrophoretic or Langmuir-Blodgett methods to construct photocells. Pulse response photovoltages under stimulation of pulsed laser and differentialresponse signals under irradiation of discontinued light were respectively measured, and the origins of the two responses and their correlation are analyzed. The pulse response photovoltage initiated from the ultrafast charge separation of the retinal and the proton translocation, followed by the deprotonation and reprotonation of the Schiff base and its surrounding amino acids. This was a quick response and was the preceding reaction of the differential response. The differential response was caused by the charging and discharging of the continuous proton current of the BR light-driven proton pump at the light-on and light-off, as well as the coupling mode of the measuring circuit, which was a slow process.

Journal Article↗