Biomedical subjects

Min Wu

Publications and source records attributed to Min Wu.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMed2005

Hypoxia-reoxygenation, St. Thomas cardioplegic solution, and nicorandil on endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor in coronary microarteries.

BACKGROUND: We investigated effects of hypoxia-reoxygenation (H-R) with and without St. Thomas solution under clinically relevant temperatures and effects of nicorandil on endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)-mediated relaxation in porcine coronary microarteries. METHODS: In a myograph, rings of porcine microarteries (diameter 200 to 450 microm) were subjected to hypoxia (PO2 < 5 mm Hg) for 30 minutes in Krebs at 37 degrees C, or for 60 minutes in Krebs and St. Thomas solution with or without nicorandil (0.1 microM) at 37 degrees C or 4 degrees C, followed by 30-minute reoxygenation. The EDHF-mediated relaxation by bradykinin (-10 to approximately -6 logM) with inhibitors of nitric oxide and prostacyclin was studied. RESULTS: The maximal EDHF-mediated relaxation was reduced after hypoxia for 30 minutes (59.9%% +/- 1.6% versus 81.2%% +/- 3.5%, p < 0.05) or 60 minutes (44.4% +/- 6.0% versus 82.7% +/- 7.4%, p < 0.001) in Krebs or St. Thomas (28.9% +/- 1.8% versus 78.1% +/- 3.0%, p < 0.001) at 37 degrees C and at 4 degrees C (Krebs: 49.3% +/- 3.0%, p < 0.001; ST: 43.1% +/- 2.6%, p < 0.001) and it was less in St. Thomas solution at 37 degrees C than at 4 degrees C (p < 0.001). The reduced relaxation was recovered by nicorandil (Krebs at 37 degrees C: 81.7% +/- 3.4%, p < 0.001; St. Thomas at 37 degrees C: 71.0% +/- 7.9%, p <0.001; St. Thomas at 4 degrees C: 85.3% +/- 3.3%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that (1) H-R impairs EDHF-mediated relaxation in the coronary microarteries with more injury during prolonged H-R, and this can be partially eliminated by St. Thomas at 4 degrees C but not at 37 degrees C; and (2) as an additive, nicorandil may fully restore EDHF-mediated endothelial function after prolonged H-R.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Accommodation of a 1S-(-)-benzo[c]phenanthrenyl-N6-dA adduct in the Y-family Dpo4 DNA polymerase active site: structural insights through molecular dynamics simulations.

Molecular modeling and molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to elucidate feasible structures in the Y-family Dpo4 DNA polymerase for the 1S-(-)-trans-anti-B[c]Ph-N6-dA adduct, derived from the fjord region polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) benzo[c]phenanthrene. Three types of models were delineated as follows: an intercalation model, a model with the aromatic ring system in the polymerase major groove open pocket, and a -1 deletion major groove model. All four 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphates (dNTPs) were considered in the first two cases, and a normal Watson-Crick partner positioned to have skipped the modified template was employed as the incoming dNTP in the -1 deletion case. The trajectories derived from the dynamics simulations were analyzed in detail to evaluate the extents of distortion for each system. Overall, our results suggest that the major groove model is the least distorted, followed by the -1 deletion model, while the intercalation model is perturbed the most. The syn-dGTP and syn-dATP mismatches opposite the lesion are well-accommodated in the major groove model, as is the normal Watson-Crick partner dTTP. The intercalation model appears most likely to impede the polymerase. More broadly, these models look reasonable for other PAH metabolite-derived adducts to adenine with similar 1S stereochemistry. Furthermore, these models suggest how error-prone translesion synthesis by Y-family polymerases might produce mutations that may play a role in the initiation of cancer.

Carcinogens↗

PubMed2005

Characteristics and sexually transmitted diseases of male rural migrants in a metropolitan area of Eastern China.

GOAL: The goal of this study was to identify the correlates and determine the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among male rural migrants in Shanghai, China. STUDY: The authors conducted a community-based cross-sectional study with an anonymous questionnaire interview and collection of blood and first-void urine samples for STD screening. RESULTS: One thousand eighty-six (85.3%) of 1273 male rural migrants approached were interviewed. Among the 986 sexually active migrants, the prevalence of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis was 3.5%, 0.5%, and 1.0%, respectively. None were infected with HIV. The prevalence of STDs was 3.2% for construction workers, 5.6% for market vendors, and 5.6% for factory workers. Risk factors for STDs were longer duration in Shanghai, frequent hometown visits, having multiple sex partners, and the desire to have multiple sex partners. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of STDs among male rural migrants is relatively low. Maintaining the current low prevalence can reduce the risk of an HIV epidemic among Shanghai migrants, but prevention messages need to be tailored to the low level of literacy in many migrants.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Natrinema altunense sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon isolated from a salt lake in Altun Mountain in Xinjiang, China.

A novel extremely halophilic strain, AJ2(T), was isolated from Ayakekum salt lake located in the Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve in Xinjiang, China. This isolate was neutrophilic, motile and grew in a wide range of MgCl(2) concentrations (0.005-1.0 M). The major polar lipids of the isolate were C(20)C(20) and C(20)C(25) derivatives of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester and phosphatidylglycerol sulfate. A comprehensive 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the isolate shared 96.6-97.7 % sequence identity with Natrinema species. The isolate, however, could be genetically differentiated from these species by DNA-DNA hybridization analysis and on the basis of its physiological properties. On the basis of the polyphasic evidence, strain AJ2(T) (= AS 1.3731(T) = JCM 12890(T)) represents the type strain of a novel species, for which the name Natrinema altunense sp. nov. is proposed.

China↗

PubMed2005

Halobiforma lacisalsi sp. nov., isolated from a salt lake in China.

A Gram-negative, motile, neutrophilic and extremely halophilic strain, AJ5(T), was isolated from a salt lake in Xinjiang, China, and subjected to polyphasic taxonomic study. The major polar lipids of the isolate were C(20)C(20) and C(20)C(25) derivatives of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester and glycolipid. The DNA G+C content was 64.9 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain AJ5(T) clustered with members of the genus Halobiforma, exhibiting high sequence similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequences of Halobiforma nitratireducens (96.3%) and Halobiforma haloterrestris (99.0%). Comparative analysis of phenotypic characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization between strain AJ5(T) and Halobiforma species supported the conclusion that AJ5(T) represents a novel species within this genus, for which the name Halobiforma lacisalsi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AJ5(T) (=CGMCC 1.3738(T)=JCM 12983(T)).

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗

PubMed2005

Haloterrigena saccharevitans sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon from Xin-Jiang, China.

A novel extremely halophilic strain, isolated from Aibi salt lake, Xin-Jiang, China, was subjected to polyphasic taxonomic characterization. This strain, designated AB14T, is neutrophilic, motile and requires at least 10 % (w/v) NaCl for growth. Strain AB14T grows at 24-58 degrees C, with optimal growth at 42-45 degrees C. Mg2+ is not required, but growth is observed in MgCl2 concentrations as high as 1.0 M. Strain AB14T possesses the diphytanyl (C20C20) and phytanyl-sesterterpanyl diether (C20C25) derivatives of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester and mannose-2,6 disulfate 1-->2 glucose-glycerol diether. The genomic DNA G+C content is 66.6 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of strain AB14T with its nearest phylogenetic neighbours (Haloterrigena thermotolerans and Haloterrigena turkmenica) are 98.6 and 96.0 %, respectively. DNA-DNA hybridization revealed 54 % relatedness between strain AB14T and Haloterrigena thermotolerans JCM 11050T and 21 % between strain AB14T and Haloterrigena turkmenica JCM 9101T. It is therefore proposed that strain AB14T represents a novel species, for which the name Haloterrigena saccharevitans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AB14T (=AS 1.3730T=JCM 12889T).

Base Composition↗

PubMed2005

Forensic analysis of nonlinear collusion attacks for multimedia fingerprinting.

Digital fingerprinting is a technology for tracing the distribution of multimedia content and protecting them from unauthorized redistribution. Unique identification information is embedded into each distributed copy of multimedia signal and serves as a digital fingerprint. Collusion attack is a cost-effective attack against digital fingerprinting, where colluders combine several copies with the same content but different fingerprints to remove or attenuate the original fingerprints. In this paper, we investigate the average collusion attack and several basic nonlinear collusions on independent Gaussian fingerprints, and study their effectiveness and the impact on the perceptual quality. With unbounded Gaussian fingerprints, perceivable distortion may exist in the fingerprinted copies as well as the copies after the collusion attacks. In order to remove this perceptual distortion, we introduce bounded Gaussian-like fingerprints and study their performance under collusion attacks. We also study several commonly used detection statistics and analyze their performance under collusion attacks. We further propose a preprocessing technique of the extracted fingerprints specifically for collusion scenarios to improve the detection performance.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2005

Anti-collusion forensics of multimedia fingerprinting using orthogonal modulation.

Digital fingerprinting is a method for protecting digital data in which fingerprints that are embedded in multimedia are capable of identifying unauthorized use of digital content. A powerful attack that can be employed to reduce this tracing capability is collusion, where several users combine their copies of the same content to attenuate/remove the original fingerprints. In this paper, we study the collusion resistance of a fingerprinting system employing Gaussian distributed fingerprints and orthogonal modulation. We introduce the maximum detector and the thresholding detector for colluder identification. We then analyze the collusion resistance of a system to the averaging collusion attack for the performance criteria represented by the probability of a false negative and the probability of a false positive. Lower and upper bounds for the maximum number of colluders K(max) are derived. We then show that the detectors are robust to different collusion attacks. We further study different sets of performance criteria, and our results indicate that attacks based on a few dozen independent copies can confound such a fingerprinting system. We also propose a likelihood-based approach to estimate the number of colluders. Finally, we demonstrate the performance for detecting colluders through experiments using real images.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2005

Gadd45a expression induces Bim dissociation from the cytoskeleton and translocation to mitochondria.

Gadd45a, a p53- and BRCA1-regulated stress protein, has been implicated in the maintenance of genomic fidelity, probably through its roles in the control of cell cycle checkpoint and apoptosis. However, the mechanism(s) by which Gadd45a is involved in the induction of apoptosis remains unclear. We show here that inducible expression of Gadd45a protein causes dissociation of Bim, a Bcl2 family member, from microtubule-associated components and translocation to mitochondria. The Bim accumulation in mitochondria enhances interaction of Bim with Bcl-2, relieves Bax from Bcl-2-bound complexes, and subsequently results in release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm. Suppression of endogenous Bim greatly inhibits Gadd45a induction of apoptosis. Interestingly, Gadd45a interacts with elongation factor 1alpha (EF-1alpha), a microtubule-severing protein that plays an important role in maintaining cytoskeletal stability, and inhibits EF-1alpha-mediated microtubule bundling, indicating that the interaction of Gadd45a with EF-1alpha disrupts cytoskeletal stability. A mutant form of Gadd45a harboring a deletion of EF-1alpha-binding domain fails to inhibit microtubule stability and to induce Bim translocation to mitochondria. Furthermore, coexpression of EF-1alpha antagonizes Gadd45a's property of suppressing cell growth and inducing apoptosis. These findings identify a novel link that connects stress protein Gadd45a to the apoptotic machinery and address the importance of cytoskeletal stability in apoptotic response to DNA damage.

Apoptosis↗

PubMed2005

Angiogenesis inhibitor Z24 induces endothelial cell apoptosis and suppresses tumor growth and metastasis.

Z24, a small molecular compound with similar chemical structure to SU5416 designed and synthesized by our lab, has been proved to be an angiogenesis inhibitor. In this study, Z24 was shown to induce human umbilical venous endothelial cell (HUVEC) apoptosis confirmed by morphologic changes including the presence of apoptotic bodies, significant apoptotic sub-G1 peak upon flow-cytometric analysis, formation of DNA ladders upon agarose gel electrophoresis, and TUNEL (TdT mediated X-dUTP nick-end labeling) results. Systemic administration of Z24 at non-toxic dose in nude mice resulted in inhibition of subcutaneous tumor growth of human colon cancer HCT-8, while it did not inhibit this cell line in vitro, with 100-fold more potent growth-inhibition against endothelial cells. The immunohistochemical results showed that the microvessel density of tumor tissue of the Z24 group was significantly lower than that of the control groups (P<0.05), which supported its anti-angiogenic property. We further found that Z24 inhibited the pulmonary metastasis of mouse lung adenocarcinoma LA795, with fewer surface lung metastases (89.6%, P<0.0001) and decreased lung weights (38.5%, P<0.01) compared to the vehicle group. All these findings support that Z24 is a promising angiogenesis inhibitor for limiting tumor growth and metastasis.

Angiogenesis Inhibitors↗

PubMed2005

Identification of spatial genetic boundaries using a multifractal model in human population genetics.

There are two purposes in displaying spatial genetic structure. One is that a visual representation of the variation of the genetic variable should be provided in the contour map. The other is that spatial genetic structure should be reflected by the patterns or the gradients with genetic boundaries in the map. Nevertheless, most conventional interpolation methods, such as Cavalli-Sforza's method in genography, inverse distance-weighted methods, and the Kriging technique, focus only on the first primary purpose because of their arbitrary thresholds marked on the maps. In this paper we present an application of the contour area multifractal model (CAMM) to human population genetics. The method enables the analysis of the geographic distribution of a genetic marker and provides an insight into the spatial and geometric properties of obtained patterns. Furthermore, the CAMM may overcome some of the limitations of other interpolation techniques because no arbitrary thresholds are necessary in the computation of genetic boundaries. The CAMM is built by establishing power law relationships between the area A (> or =rho) in the contour map and the value p itself after plotting these values on a log-log graph. A series of straight-line segments can be fitted to the points on the log-log graph, each representing a power law relationship between the area A (> or =rho) and the cutoff genetic variable value for rho in a particular range. These straight-line segments can yield a group of cutoff values, which can be identified as the genetic boundaries that can classify the map of genetic variable into discrete genetic zones. These genetic zones usually correspond to spatial genetic structure on the landscape. To provide a better understanding of the interest in the CAMM approach, we analyze the spatial genetic structures of three loci (ABO, HLA-A, and TPOX) in China using the CAMM. Each synthetic principal component (SPC) contour map of the three loci is created by using both Han and minority groups data together. These contour maps all present an obvious geographic diversity, which gradually increases from north to south, and show that the genetic differences among populations in different districts of the same nationality are greater than those among different nationalities of the same district. It is surprising to find that both the value of p and the fractal dimension alpha have a clear north to south gradient for each locus, and the same clear boundary between southern and northern Asians in each contour map is still seen in the zone of the Yangtze River, although substantial population migrations have occurred because of war or famine in the last 2,000 or 3,000 years. A clear genetic boundary between Europeans and Asians in each contour map is still seen in northwestern China with a small value of alpha, although the genetic gradient caused by gene flow between Europeans and Asians has tended to show expansion from northwestern China. From the three contour maps another interesting result can be found: The values of alpha north of the Yangtze River are generally less than those south of the Yangtze River. This indicates that the genetic differences among the populations north of the Yangtze River are generally smaller than those in populations south of the Yangtze River.

ABO Blood-Group System↗

PubMed2005

Isolation and characterization of a novel strain of Natrinema containing a bop gene.

A novel member of extremely halophilic archaea, strain AJ2, was isolated from Ayakekum Lake located in Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in China. The strain AJ2 requires at least 10% (w/v) NaCl and grows 10% to 30% (optimum at 20%). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequence comparison revealed that strain AJ2 clustered to three Natrinema species with less than 97.7% sequence similarities, suggesting AJ2 is a novel member of Natrinema. A bacteriorhodopsin-encoding (bop) gene was subsequently detected in the AJ2 genome using the polymerase chain reaction technique. The cloning and sequencing of a 401 base pairs fragment indicated the deduced amino acid sequence of bop from AJ2 is different from that reported for bacteriorhodopsins. This is the first reported detection of a bop gene in Natrinema.

Bacteriorhodopsins↗

PubMed2005

DNA repair proteins as molecular therapeutics for oxidative and alkylating lung injury.

Endogenous and environmental oxidation is increasingly becoming an important factor associated with numerous disorders in both children and adults. The lung is particularly prone to oxidation, as the gas exchange organ is continuously exposed to a great deal of airborne oxidants. Lung oxidation-induced toxicity is a critical clinical problem that is currently lacking cure. For example, treatment for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a common type of acute diffuse lung injury, is strictly supportive. Alkylating chemotherapeutics and many methyl chemicals can cause acute or chronic lung injury, which is also difficult to treat. Many new approaches are being tried to improve the treatment of lung oxidation and alkylation; one of these is the use of DNA repair proteins, such as base excision repair proteins that are largely involved in repairing DNA damage caused by oxidation and alkylation. Recent advances have revealed their promising potential for treating oxidation toxicity. Here we discuss discoveries that have led to this possibility, including pioneering research into the cellular signaling transduction and molecular mechanisms of DNA repair proteins. In conclusion, when combined with other therapeutic measures such as anti-oxidant chemicals and enzymes, DNA repair proteins may have great potential for treating acute and chronic lung toxicity induced by oxidation and alkylation.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

[Therapeutic effect of Xincang Decoction on chronic airway inflammation in children with bronchial asthma in remission stage].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effect of Xincang Decoction on chronic airway inflammation in children with asthma in clinical investigation. METHODS: Xincang Decoction was composed of Flos Magnoliae (Xinyi) and Fructus Xanthii (Cangoerzi), the traditional Chinese herbs for expelling wind. Sixty cases of children with bronchial asthma in remission stage were randomly divided into two groups. Thirty cases in the treatment group were treated with Xincang Decoction and the others in the control group were treated with ketotifen fumarate. The therapeutic effects of the two groups were compared, and the peripheral eosinophil (EOS) count, the levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE), interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interleukin 5 (IL-5), and the pulmonary functions were observed before and three months after the treatment. RESULTS: After three months treatment, the results showed that the total response rates of the treatment and the control group were 83.3% and 80.0%, respectively, without marked difference (P>0.05). The levels of EOS and IL-5 were obviously decreased after the treatment, and the levels of EOS and IL-5 of the patients in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Meanwhile the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)) was improved after the treatment, and the FEV(1) of the patients in the treatment group was higher than that of the patients in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Xincang Decoction can decrease the levels of EOS and IL-5 and improve the pulmonary function in treating chronic airway inflammation in children with bronchial asthma in remission stage.

Anti-Asthmatic Agents↗

PubMed2005

Alterations of MLH1 and microsatellite instability in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas.

Human MLH1 is one of the DNA mismatch repair genes and located in chromosome 3p21.3. Alterations of the MLH1 were associated with various kinds of human tumors. The present study was to investigate allelic loss of MLH1 and microsatellite instability (MSI) in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC), and to estimate the correlation between MSI status and allelic loss of the MLH1 gene. The MSI of 14 microsatellite markers and mRNA expression of MLH1 were assessed in a large cohort of patients with ESCC by using denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques. Thirty-five percent of tumors displayed MSI in at least one tested marker. MSI in D3S1611, an intragenic marker of the MLH1, was observed in 66.7% of tumors. No down-expression of MLH1 was found at the transcriptional level. The presence of MSI did not correlate with tumor stage, degree of differentiation, lymphonode-metastasis, age and sex of the patients, neither with allelic loss of the MLH1 gene. The data suggested that LOH of MLH1 is common in ESCC, but not lead to the alteration of MLH1 at the level of RNA expression. MSI in tested microsatellite markers occurs frequently in ESCC but is not associated with allelic loss of the MLH1 gene.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗

PubMed2005

[Altered expression of the HSD17B4 gene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and loss of heterozygosity analysis].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the alteration of the gene HSD17B4 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its potential significance. METHODS: The mRNA expression and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of HSD17B4 in 40 primary esophageal tumors were detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and microsatellite analysis with the intragenic marker D5S1384 of the gene. RESULTS: The frequencies of allelic loss of D5S1384 and the rate of down-regulation of gene HSD17B4 were 46.2% and 62.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION: HSD17B4 may be a candidate tumor suppressor gene associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗

PubMed2005

Cardiac risk stratification in patients with congestive heart failure: a catecholamines-beta-adrenoceptor-cAMP pathway.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the stratification risk of catecholamines-beta-adrenoceptor (beta-AR)-cAMP pathway for cardiogenic death events in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). METHODS: A total of 83 identified CHF patients with a baseline and follow-up plasma levels of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E), lymphocytes beta-AR density (Bmax), and intralymphocyte cAMP content in peripheral blood were followed up. Major cardiogenic death events were registered. RESULTS: The period between the initial entry and the last follow-up measurement were 51 +/- 16 months, the total duration of clinical follow-up after the last measurement were 14 +/- 8 months. During follow-up, 39 patients died of cardiogenic (sudden death 17 patients, worsening heart failure 22 patients). Persistence of high NE, E, and cAMP from baseline to follow-up were confirmed as risk predicting factors of cardiovascular events. Persistence NE above 4.0 nmol/L, E above 3.5 nmol/L, and the intralymphocyte cAMP content above 3.5 pmd x mg(-1) x pro(-1) from baseline to follow-up were significant adverse prognostic predictors. The major cardiogenic death events rates per 100 patients-years were 1.33 and 4.82 in patients with NE below and above 4.0 nmol/L (HR: 2.91; 95% CI: 1.08-7.33; P = 0.015); were 1.42 and 4.36 in the patients with E levels below and above 3.5 nmol/L (HR: 2.64; 95% CI: 1.02-6.41; P = 0.019); were 1.81 and 4.67 in the patients with the intralymphocyte cAMP content below and above 3.5 pmd x mg(-1) x pro(-1) (HR: 2.79; 95% CI: 1.04-6.83; P = 0.017), but difference was not significant between the beta-AR density below and above median. CONCLUSIONS: Persistent increase in circulating catecholamines and intralymphocyte cAMP content may increase the long-term mortality in CHF patients.

Aged↗

PubMed2005

[Familial pedigree analysis of Shen-yin deficiency syndrome in families with type 2 diabetes mellitus GU].

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the familial aggregation and genetic predisposition of Shen-yin deficiency syndrome (SYDS) in families with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). Methods One hundred and forty-one DM2 patients were collected from 32 family lines in Nanjin area, in which the probands were differentiated as DM2 with SYDS. On them, genetic analysis on the characteristics of SYDS was conducted using pedigree analysis, morbidity and heritability of the first-degree relatives of the probands were calculated, and the action of familial SYDS factor on the genesis of the syndrome was assessed by multiple factors regression analysis. Results The morbidity rate of SYDS in the first-degree relatives of the probands was 33.71%, and the heritability, calculated by Falconer formula, was 80.6%. The fitting result of regression analysis showed that familial factor played an important role in SYDS genesis (OR = 5.61, P = 0.001), but DM2 itself is not an independent risk factor for it. Conclusion DM2 with SYDS shows the tendency of familial aggregation and genetic predisposition, genetic factor is associated with the genesis of the syndrome. Pedigree research is a good method for exploring the relationship between syndrome and genetic factor.

Adult↗