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Biomedical subjects

Michael Gross

Publications and source records attributed to Michael Gross.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Framework bolsters stem cell progress.

With many of the leading science nations still stuck in debates on the use of embryonic stem cells, Britain, with a regulatory framework in place, is well-positioned to take the lead. Michael Gross reports.

Biological Specimen Banks↗
PubMed2004

Fighting isolation.

Cuban scientists have a tough time because of the isolation from the United States, but as Michael Gross reports, this has forced successful innovation in the biosciences with global potential amongst poorer, third world countries.

Allergy and Immunology↗
PubMed2004

Delayed enhancement and T2-weighted cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging differentiate acute from chronic myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND: Delayed enhancement (DE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) detects acute and chronic myocardial infarction (MI) by visualizing contrast media accumulation in infarcted segments. T2-weighted CMR depicts infarct-related myocardial edema as a marker of acute but not chronic myocardial injury. We investigated the clinical utility of an approach combining both techniques to differentiate acute from chronic MI. METHODS AND RESULTS: Seventy-three MI patients were studied in 2 groups. Group A consisted of 15 acute MI patients who were studied twice, on day 1 and 3 months after MI. In group B, 58 patients with acute or chronic MI underwent 1 CMR scan. T2-weighted and DE images of matched slices were acquired on a 1.5-T system. In group A, quantitative segmental and region of interest-based analyses were performed to observe signal changes between the acute and chronic phases. In group B, T2-weighted and DE images were examined visually by 2 blinded observers for the presence or absence of hyperintense areas in corresponding segments. For infarct localization, coronary angiography and/or ECG changes served as the reference standard. In group A, the contrast-to-noise ratio on T2-weighted images dropped in the infarcted segments from 2.7+/-1.1 on day 1 to 0.1+/-1.2 after 3 months (P<0.0001). There was no significant change in contrast-to-noise ratio in DE images (1.9+/-1.5 versus 1.3+/-1.0; P=NS). The qualitative assessment of T2-weighted and DE images in group B yielded a specificity of 96% to differentiate acute from chronic lesions. CONCLUSIONS: An imaging approach combining DE and T2-weighted CMR accurately differentiates acute from chronic MI.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

The rage of consent.

Concern about the proprietary rights over human body parts has had a dramatic recent impact in some European countries with many implications for future research.

Cadaver↗
PubMed2004

HIV topical microbicides: steer the ship or run aground.

Six HIV candidate microbicides are scheduled to enter 6 large-scale effectiveness trials in the next year. The selection of products for testing and the design of this group of trials should be reconsidered to provide an answer to a key question now before the field: Does a sulfonated polyanion, delivered intravaginally as a gel, block HIV attachment to target cells with sufficient potency to protect women from sexually acquired HIV infection?Paradoxically, entering more candidates into more trials may confuse or compromise efforts to identify an effective product. Instead, a single trial of the most promising product(s) best serves the current candidates while also preserving resources needed to promptly advance innovative new protective concepts into future large-scale trials.

Administration, Intravaginal↗
PubMed2004

Emergency services: a bird's eye perspective on the many different functions of stress proteins.

Life on our planet has adapted to a wide range of physical conditions, including extremely high and low temperatures, high pressures, extremes of pH and chemically aggressive conditions. To cope with these stress factors, organisms have evolved a variety of strategies operating on very different levels, from the small molecule response to physiological and behavioural adaptation. The only kind of stress response that is found universally in all species is the stress-induced expression or overexpression of specific proteins. Among these, the heat shock proteins are the best studied group. They have been shown to serve in a variety of specific functions, including those of molecular chaperones, proteases, and "capacitors of evolution." An overview of these different functions and also of the other kinds of stress proteins is given, with a perspective on how they serve the survival of the cell and the species in the presence of environmental stress factors, and how they can be used in medical applications.

Animals↗