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Biomedical subjects

Meir Nyska

Publications and source records attributed to Meir Nyska.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

A chemically induced rat model of hemolysis with disseminated thrombosis.

Although hemolytic anemia and thrombosis, which can be serious or even lethal, are often encountered in daily common practice, their pathogenesis has remained obscure, partially because of the absence of appropriate models. Here we present a unique chemically induced rat model of hemolytic anemia and disseminated thrombosis in which the organs developing infarction are comparable to those seen in humans. We exposed male and female Fischer F344 rats to two, three, or four daily doses of 2-butoxyethanol (BE) at 250 mg/kg body weight and examined for hemolysis and histopathological evidence of disseminated thrombosis on d 2, 3, 4, and 29. Time-course BErelated erythrocytic changes were statistically significant in both sexes. Evidence of thrombosis and infarction was seen mainly in females dosed more than once with widespread thrombotic crisis after two or three dosing, likely explicable by the more significant morphological changes in erythrocytes and hemolysis observed in this gender. We documented thrombosis and infarction in the heart, brain, lungs, eyes, and bones. Our model with its list of target organs similar to that observed in human diseases characterized by hemolysis and thrombosis [for example, thalassemia, sickle cell disease (SCD), paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNF), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)] suggests that it can be an excellent tool to study the pathogenesis of such complications.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Rehabilitation process and functional results of patients with amputated fingers.

Digit amputation is a physical and psychological trauma that can influence the daily living of a person. The rehabilitation of patients with digit amputation is a complex process and should take into consideration all influencing factors, such as the functional, emotional, social, and professional profile of the patient. This study was conducted to evaluate the functional level of patients with amputated fingers and to understand the factors that influence their rehabilitation. Fifty patients (42 male and 8 female with an age ranging from 7 to 84 years) who had digit amputation(s) between January of 1990 and December of 1998 at the level of the metacarpus or distal to it and who had at least 6 months of follow-up were examined. The patients were divided into three different study groups: patients with distal amputation were compared with patients who had proximal amputation, patients with one finger amputation were compared with patients who had multiple finger amputations, and patients who suffered finger amputations caused by work-related accidents were compared with those who suffered amputations caused by other incidents. In addition, the time lapse from the amputation was checked as an influencing factor for different functional levels. The results showed that patients with distal amputation reached a higher motor and sensory functional level than patients with proximal amputation. Patients with one-finger amputation reached higher motor, sensory, and activities of daily living functional levels than patients with multiple amputations, and the level of motor and sensory function of patients with finger amputations caused by work-related accidents was lower than that of patients who suffered amputations in other incidents. Time was proven to be an important factor in the process of motor and emotional recovery.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2002

Iatrogenic forearm compartment syndrome in a cardiac intensive care unit induced by brachial artery puncture and acute anticoagulation.

A previously healthy patient developed late compartment syndrome in the cardiac intensive care unit after a brachial artery puncture due to acute heparinization after successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and stent implantation. The cardiologists recognized the problem and immediately consulted an orthopedic surgeon, who promptly performed surgery. The latter consisted of decompression and fasciotomy. The patient recovered excellent hand function without any neurologic or muscular deficits. Knowledge and understanding of the clinical aspects of this complication are crucial in this devastating syndrome.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Proximal metatarsal osteotomies: a comparative geometric analysis conducted on sawbone models.

We evaluated the change in position of the first metatarsal head using a three-dimensional digitizer on sawbone models. Crescentic, closing wedge, oblique shaft (Ludloff 8 degrees and 16 degrees), reverse oblique shaft (Mau 8 degrees and 16 degrees), rotational "Z" (Scarf), and proximal chevron osteotomies were performed and secured using 3-mm screws. The 16 degrees Ludloff provided the most lateral shift (9.5 mm) and angular correction (14.5 degrees) but also produced the most elevation (1.4 mm) and shortening (2.9 mm). The 8 degrees Ludloff provided lateral and angular corrections similar to those of the crescentic and closing wedge osteotomies with less elevation and shortening. Because the displacement osteotomies (Scarf, proximal chevron) provided less angular correction, the same lateral displacement, and less shortening than the basilar angular osteotomies, based upon this model they can be more reliably used for a patient with a mild to moderate deformity, a short first metatarsal, or an intermediate deformity with a large distal metatarsal articular angle. These results can serve as recommendations for selecting the optimal osteotomy with which to correct a deformation.

Hallux Valgus↗
PubMed2001

Avulsion fracture of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon ('Jersey finger') type III.

Avulsion fracture of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon (Jersey finger) is an uncommon injury. This injury involves mainly young and active patients, especially during sports activities. It is classified into three types according to the extent of the tendon retraction. Type III Jersey finger is very rare, and only a few cases have been described so far.In this article, we report a case of a type III Jersey finger. Rapid diagnosis accompanied by surgery which included open reduction and internal fixation with 2 mini screws, followed by physiotherapy, led to restoration of a full range of motion of the involved digit.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Does the combination of a simultaneous subcapital fracture of humerus and hip fracture in elderly patients carry a prognostic value?

The most important factor to cause hip fractures in elderly is probably osteoporosis. Other factors are the increase in fall frequency and the protective response to trauma. Osteoporotic fractures occur most commonly, at the hip, vertebra, distal radius and proximal humerus. A combination of these is uncommon. Thirty-two women and six men treated between January 1990 and December 1999 for a combination of subcapital fracture of the humerus and hip fractures were evaluated retrospectively. The following parameters were reviewed: age, sex, pre-fall function, use of drugs, chronic and acute comorbidity, circumstances of the fall, length of hospitalization, treatment procedure, complications and post-hospitalization rehabilitation. Group I consisted of 15 patients aged 70-80 years and group II consisted of the remaining 23 patients, older than 80 years. In all 38 patients the simultaneous fractures were ipsilaterally. Hospital stay ranged from 7 to 17 days for the discharged 37 patients. Twenty-six of 28 patients, who were transferred to a rehabilitation center, returned to their previous activity of daily living (ADL). Among the nine remaining patients only five gained full recovery. A combination of fractures, occurs in the higher-age group, is quite traumatic to the patient and probably involves a greater impact force. In all patients it occurs in the ipsilateral side. In the elderly, even a minimal transmission to the osteoporotic hip can cause a fracture. The double trauma represents a better pre-morbid condition relative to patients in the same age group, thus it may serve as a prognostic indicator for success in rehabilitation.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Functional results after patellar fractures in elderly patients.

Elderly patients tend to fracture the patella because of a simple fall. In this group of patients restoration of primary functional level is crucial. Sixty-eight patients more than 65 years of age with patellar fractures, who were treated in our institution between January 1990 and December 1999 were evaluated. There were 43 females and 25 males. The ages ranged from 65 to 88 years (17 patients>80). We focus on the mechanism, which led to the fracture, the pre-morbid and post-morbid state of the patients and the various aspects of treatment in this group of patients. The majority (82%) had a simple fall. Half of the patients had background diseases. Forty-five patients (66%) had comminuted patellar fracture. In 58 patients (85%) the extensor mechanism was disrupted, which therefore, necessitated an operation (group I). The rest, ten patients, were treated conservatively (group II). Follow-up time ranged between 0.5 and 10.5 years (mean 4.5 years). Minor complications were noted in five patients. Sixty patients (88%) had intact extensor mechanism, while five patients in group I (9%) and three in group II (30%) had extension-lag of 10-30 degrees (P<0.05). None of the patients had non-union, cosmetic disturbances or developed osteoarthritis. Fifty-six patients (82%) (41 patients in group I and five in group II, P<0.05) achieved the same independence mobility status post-fracture. In elderly patients the cause of the fracture is a direct blow by simple fall to the patella causing comminuted fractures; however, with these patients excellent or good results were eventually achieved. Surgical treatment yielded better results than non-surgical.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Scoring systems to evaluate elderly patients with hip fractures.

PURPOSE: To report about different scales and scoring systems used to evaluate elderly patient with hip fracture during the acute post-fracture phase and during post-operative rehabilitation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Report of the different scales from a literature review. CONCLUSIONS: Standard validated scales are one of the tools to perform such an evaluation process as objectively as possible and to evaluate surgical, medical and rehabilitative management in these elderly patients. These scales are only a complementary tool, and they cannot replace physical examination. However, these validated tools are probably more accurate than just clinical impression. The appropriate combination of clinical experience and these scales may well contribute to a better care of elderly patients with hip fractures.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Disseminated thrombosis-induced growth plate necrosis in rat: a unique model for growth plate arrest.

Exposure of rats to 2-butoxyethanol (BE) produces early hemolytic anemia and disseminated thrombosis. This leads to infarctions in multiple organs, including bones and cartilage. BE, administered for different durations of exposure in two separate experiments, produced metaphyseal vascular thrombosis, growth plate infarction, and partial or complete physeal growth arrest. This reproducible model may serve as a useful tool in the study of some conditions that manifest growth plate damage. The suitability of this model for investigating the pathogenesis of growth plate necrosis and as a model for potential therapy for various human growth plate disorders are discussed.

Animals↗