Role of routine and mass vaccination campaigns in immunization status of adolescents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
Mauro Fisberg
Publications and source records attributed to Mauro Fisberg.
[Prevalence of overweight and obesity in school children of Santos city, Brazil].
The aim of this population-based study was to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in public and private schools of Santos city, Brazil. We evaluated a total of 10,822 children aged 7 to 10 years old. Determination of overweight and obesity was obtained by the 85th and 95th percentiles of BMI for age, respectively, as proposed by CDC in 2000. The overall prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 15.7% (CI 95%= 15.0% to 16.4%) and 18.0% (17.3% to 18.7%), respectively. The prevalence of overweight was 13.7% (12.6% a 14.8%) in boys and 14.8% (13.7% a 15.9%) in girls of public schools. In private schools, the rates were 17.7% (15.7% to 19.7%) in boys and 22.2% (20.0% to 24.4%) in girls. Obesity was found in 16.9% (15.7% to 18.1%) of the boys and 14.3% (13.2% to 15.4%) of the girls of public schools. In the private schools, 29.8% (27.4% to 32.2%) of the boys and 20.3% (18.2% to 22.4%) of the girls were obese. We concluded that the prevalence of obesity in public and private schools in the city of Santos is higher than other studies conducted in Brazil and in other countries of Latin America. Private schools showed higher prevalence rates of obesity than public schools (p= 0.001).
Body Mass Index↗
Anti-hepatitis A virus frequency in adolescents at an outpatient clinic in São Paulo, Brazil.
The prevalence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) antibodies was assessed in adolescents (age ranging from 10.4 to 19.9 years) at an Adolescent Outpatient Clinic in São Paulo, Brazil. Anti-HAV was detected in 137 (54.2%) out of 253 individuals. When separated into two age groups, anti-HAV frequency was higher in the 15 to 19 year-old group (64%) in comparison to the 10 to 14 year-old group (46%) (Chi-square test: p = 0.004). These results suggest that adolescents in São Paulo are at risk of hepatitis A infection and are probably contracting HAV infection during this age period.
Adolescent↗
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease decrease in obese adolescents after multidisciplinary therapy.
BACKGROUND: Despite the increasing prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, its pathogenesis and clinical significance remain poorly defined and there is no ideal treatment. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the short-term (12-week) multidisciplinary therapy on visceral adiposity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease control. METHODS: We evaluated and compared the distribution of visceral adiposity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, by ultrasonography, in 73 post-puberty obese participants (17.01+/-1.6 years old; body mass index 36.54+/-2.86 kg/m), submitted to a multidisciplinary treatment without medications, at the beginning and after 12 weeks of intervention. Descriptive and one-way analysis of variance, and paired t-test were performed. RESULTS: The results indicated that after intervention the adolescents had a significant reduction in visceral adiposity (4.05+/-1.55 to 3.37+/-1.44) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease prevalence (from 52 to 29% on the right side and from 48 to 29% on the left side). It is a positive result because nonalcoholic fatty liver disease can progress to cirrhosis, even in children and adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: The short-term treatment suggests a profound impact on the control of obesity-related co-morbidities in young people.
Adiposity↗
A study of the influence of mouth-breathing in some parameters of unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva of adolescents.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze some standard parameters of the unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva of mouth-breathers and a control group to determine if these variables present any difference in mouth-breathers compared to control group, since these parameters of saliva can influence the oral health. METHODS: Saliva samples were collected from 61 adolescents aged 10-19 years; 30 were mouth-breathers and 31 were nose-breathers. The unstimulated salivary specimen was collected, followed by collection of the stimulated saliva. Soon after collecting the salivary sample, the flow rate and buffering capacity were determined. The samples were then stored at -80 degrees C until analysis was performed. The analysis consisted of the determination of protein content and total, free and bound sialic acid levels. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was observed in the flow rate, buffering capacity, protein content, total and bound sialic acid levels of unstimulated and stimulated saliva, nor in the free sialic acid of stimulated saliva. However, the levels of free sialic acid of the unstimulated saliva were significantly higher in the mouth-breather compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Since a higher level of free sialic acid is indicative of an increase in the number of bacteria in saliva, our findings suggest that mouth-breathers retain more bacteria in oral tissues.
Adolescent↗
Serum albumin and clinical outcome in pediatric cardiac surgery.
OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the behavior of serum albumin concentrations in response to metabolic stress that is associated with cardiac surgery and the role of this protein as a predictor of clinical outcome in children at high surgical risk who undergo operative correction of congenital heart defects. METHODS: Serum albumin concentrations were measured in 30 children who had heart disease and were at high surgical risk. Analyses were performed before surgery, on the second postoperative day, and on discharge from the intensive care unit. Preoperative serum concentrations of albumin were compared with those of a control group that consisted of 20 healthy and well-nourished children. RESULTS: Preoperative albumin concentrations of patients were lower than those of the control group (3.4+/-0.25 g/dL versus 4.0+/-0.18 g/dL, P<0.05). Serum levels decreased on the second postoperative day and at discharge from the intensive care unit (3.1+/-0.65 g/dL and 3.2+/-0.44 g/dL, P<0.05) compared with preoperative concentrations. Preoperative concentrations lower than 3.0 g/dL were associated with increased postsurgical infection (P=0.0026) and with increased mortality (P=0.0138). Patients whose postoperative levels were lower than 3.0 g/dL had longer hospital stays compared with those whose concentrations were higher than 3.0 g/dL (14.5+/-1.3 d versus 10+/-2.2 d, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that hypoalbuminemia is common among children who have heart disease and are at high surgical risk, and serum albumin concentrations lower than 3 g/dL may be related to outcome in the period after cardiac surgery.
Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗
Relationship between calcium intake and body mass index in adolescents.
Epidemiologic and experimental data support thee possibility that dietary calcium intake plays a role in human body weight regulation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate calcium intake and its relationship with body mass index (BMI) in adolescents. Weight, height, 3-day food record and a food frequency questionnaire were collected among all adolescents participants at the Outpatient Clinic for Adolescents at the Federal University of Sao Paulo between 2001 and 2003. The statistical analysis comprised Chi-square, Student's T-test, Pearson correlation and linear regression. One-hundred and twenty-one adolescents were studied (62.8% female), with a mean age of 14.9 +/- 2.2 years old. Mean energy and calcium intakes were 1729.9 +/- 557.8 kcal/day and 598.2 +/- 287.9 mg/day respectively, with no significant statistical differences between sex or age. Almost ninety-eight percent of adolescents presented a mean calcium intake lower than proposed values. Calcium intake adjusted for energy presented a significant negative correlation with body weight (r=-0.194, p=0.03) and BMI (r=-0.185, p=0.04). Furthermore, adolescents in the lowest quartile of calcium intake presented higher BMI (29.7 +/- 7.4 kg/m2) than adolescents in the highest calcium quartile. These results indicated a dietary calcium intake lower than recommendations for this life stage, and a contribution of this mineral in the body mass index.
Adolescent↗
[Study on the effectiveness of brief intervention for alcohol and other drug use directed to adolescents in a primary health care unit].
OBJECTIVE: The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a brief intervention and a preventive orientation on the use of alcohol and other drugs directed towards adolescents. METHODS: Ninety nine youths who sought medical assistance in an out patient service specialized in adolescents were classified, according to their level of consumption of substances, into users during the last month (UM) or non users during the last month (NUM). Each of these was divided into four groups: a control group of users in the last month (COUM), a control group of non users in the last month (CONUM), a Brief Intervention group (BI--in case they were regular users) and a Preventive Orientation group (PO--in case they were non users in the last month). The preventive orientation lasted 2-3 minutes and the brief intervention took about 20 minutes, both followed a structured schedule. All participants were followed-up and evaluated for a 6 months period. RESULTS: In the 6-month follow-up, a significant increase in cannabis, alcohol and tobacco consumption, as well as in the intensity of related-problems, was observed in the CONUM group. The increase of alcohol and tobacco consumption observed in the PO group had a significantly lesser frequency and lower intensity than in the CONUM group. Moreover, no increase in cannabis consumption was observed in this group. The BI group showed a significant reduction in the number of users during the last month with respect to most substances, as well as in relation to substance-related problems. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm that a single brief intervention session is effective in reducing consumption of psychoactive substances in adolescents. Although influence of other factors could not be discarded, preventive orientation reduced the increase of cannabis consumption but increased use of tobacco and alcohol. Further and more in depth studies are required to evaluate the usefulness of preventive programs on alcohol and other drug consumption, in order to bring to light more effective and comprehensive approaches.
Adolescent↗
Obesity in children and adolescents: Working Group report of the second World Congress of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adolescent↗
Zinc nutritional status and its relationships with hyperinsulinemia in obese children and adolescents.
A perturbation of zinc metabolism has been noted in subjects with obesity. The present work intends to investigate whether the zinc nutritional status is associated with hyperinsulinemia in obesity. A study was carried out in a group of obese children and adolescents (n=23) and compared to a control group (n=21), both between 7 and 14 yr of age. Software analyzed diet information from 3-d food records. Body composition was evaluated by body mass index (BMI), bioelectrical impedance, and skin-fold measurements. Zinc nutritional status was evaluated by Zn determination in plasma, erythrocyte, and 24-h urine, by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (lambda=213.9 nm). Insulin was measured by radioimmunoassay (Linco Res). Diets consumed by both groups had marginal concentrations of zinc. Zinc concentrations in plasma and erythrocytes were significantly lower in the obese group. Urinary zinc excretion and serum insulin were significantly higher in the same group, although the insulinemia and the parameters of zinc nutritional status were not significantly correlated. As a result, considering that zinc is part of the synthesis and secretion of this hormone, an assessment is necessary of the possible participation of the oligoelement in the mechanisms of insulin resistance, commonly present in obese patients.
Adolescent↗
Impact of the hypocaloric diet using food substitutes on the body weight and biochemical profile.
Recent studies using balanced hypocaloric diets with food substitutes in some meals, have presented positive results. There are no studies with the Brazilian population on the efficacy of using food substitute, together with a hypocaloric diet. Main objective of this study was to verify the effects of a hypocaloric diet using food substitutes as meal replacement on the body weight, lipid profile, and glucose and insulin plasma levels. Seventy eight subjects of both genders were selected, 20-50 years old, and a body weight index between 25 kg/m2 and 35 kg/m2. The study lasted for six months and it was divided in 2 phases of three months each- mass reduction for 3 months and 3 months for maintenance. The sample was randomly divided in two groups: Group A (control- 3 months of general nutritional and physical orientation followed by 3 months with 1 meal replacement) and Group B (intervention- 2 meals replacement a day plus nutritional and physical orientation for 3 months followed by 3 months with 1 meal replacement). Anthropometric measurements, percent body fat (%BF), biochemical profile and intake survey were performed at moments 0, 3 and 6 months. Both groups showed a significant decrease in %BF, weight, and consequently in their BMI, in the third and sixth month of follow up. However, weight loss in group B was higher than in group A. At the end of the treatment, 0 and 25.0% of the patients of the group A and B, respectively, presented a weight loss higher than 10% of the initial weight. Comparing the triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol and glucose levels, between the beginning and after the three and six months of treatment, there was a significant reduction in the individuals only in group B. In conclusion, the use of food substitutes as meal replacement, together with a balanced, hypocaloric diet, proved to be efficient in weight loss for Brazilian overweighed individuals.
Adult↗
Zinc nutritional status in obese children and adolescents.
Studies in animals and humans have corroborated that zinc (Zn) metabolism is altered in obesity. The present work intends to evaluate the Zn nutritional status in obese children and adolescents by the determination of some biochemical parameters and analyses of the diets. The investigation was carried out in a group of obese children and adolescents (n = 23) and compared to a control group (n = 21), both between 7 and 14 yr of age. A software analyzed diet information from 3-d food records. Body composition was evaluated by body mass index, bioelectrical impedance, and skinfold measurements. Zinc nutritional status was evaluated by Zn determination in plasma, erythrocyte, and 24-h urine, by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (lambda = 213.9 nm). Diets consumed by both groups had marginal concentrations of zinc. Zinc concentrations in plasma and erythrocytes were significantly lower in the obese group. Urinary zinc excretion was significantly higher in the same group. The results allowed one to conclude that zinc nutritional status in obese individuals is altered.
Adolescent↗
[Anemia in children under 3 years of age in public day care centers]
OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of anemia in children aged less than 36 months in public day care centers in the city of Cuiabá, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with all children (n=271) less than 36 months of age who attended public day care centers in mid-1997. Children were evaluated as to their hemoglobin levels (venous blood, analyzed at the Central State Laboratory) and anthropometric indicators (weight/age, height/age, weight/height). RESULTS: A high prevalence (63%) of anemia associated with age, weight and height deficit, and time of admittance at kindergarten was observed. The prevalence of malnutrition was 0.8% according to the weight/height ratio, 5.0% according to weight/age deficit, and showed an inadequacy of 10.3% as to the height/age ratio. Thus, the percentage of anemic children was six times higher than the height deficit and twelve times higher than the weight deficit. Malnutrition was not in fact associated with anemia, but at extreme anthropometric cut-off points of height and weight for age (< -2 z score), there is an association between these conditions. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of anemia is regarded as a severe public health problem among preschool children in the city of Cuiabá.
Journal Article↗