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Mats Lambe

Publications and source records attributed to Mats Lambe.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Socio-economic status and chronic renal failure: a population-based case-control study in Sweden.

BACKGROUND: Low socio-economic status is associated with the occurrence of several different chronic diseases, but evidence regarding renal disease is scant. To explore whether the risk of chronic renal failure varies by socio-economic status, we performed a population-based case-control study in Sweden. METHODS: All native residents from May 1996 to May 1998, aged 18-74 years, formed the source population. Cases (n = 926) were incident patients with chronic renal failure in a pre-uraemic stage. Control subjects (n = 998) were randomly selected within the source population. Exposures were assessed at personal interviews and relative risks were estimated by odds ratios (OR) in logistic regression models, with adjustment for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol consumption and regular analgesics use. RESULTS: In families with unskilled workers only, the risk of chronic renal failure was increased by 110% [OR = 2.1; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1-4.0] and 60% (OR = 1.6; 95% CI, 1.0-2.6) among women and men, respectively, relative to subjects living in families in which at least one member was a professional. Subjects with 9 years or less of schooling had a 30% (OR = 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0-1.7) higher risk compared with those with a university education. The excess risk was of similar magnitude regardless of underlying renal disease. CONCLUSIONS: Low socio-economic status is associated with an increased risk of chronic renal failure. The moderate excess was not explained by age, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol or analgesic intake. Thus, socio-economic status appears to be an independent risk indicator for chronic renal failure in Sweden.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Ethnic differences in breast cancer risk: a possible role for pregnancy levels of alpha-fetoprotein?

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer incidence rates are up to five times higher in white women in the United States compared with Asian women in China and Japan. A search for factors that modify estrogen's biological effect differentially between ethnic groups may add to the understanding of international variations in breast cancer risk. Recent evidence indicates that alpha-fetoprotein, a glycoprotein produced by the fetal liver, has important antiestrogenic properties. During pregnancy, alpha-fetoprotein reaches peak concentrations in maternal serum during the third trimester. METHODS: We compared pregnancy levels of alpha-fetoprotein in a population with high risk of breast cancer (Boston, MA) and low risk (Shanghai, China). Blood samples were collected around the 16th week and around the 27th week of gestation among women enrolled from March 1994 to October 1995. The number of specimens available for alpha-fetoprotein analysis was 1,033. RESULTS: Alpha-fetoprotein levels, adjusted for gestational length, were substantially higher in Shanghai compared with Boston women at both time points. When adjustments were made for prepregnancy weight, parity, offspring's sex and maternal age, alpha-fetoprotein levels remained 13% higher in Shanghai at 16 weeks of pregnancy but not at 27 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: These findings may explain, at least in part, the difference in breast cancer risk between Chinese and American women. On the population level, alpha-fetoprotein may influence risk by modifying the effect of biologically active estrogens both in the mother and in female offspring.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[The cynical game of the tobacco industry. Many years' efforts to deny or cover-up the negative effects of tobacco are revealed by the forced publication of internal documents].

Scrutiny of internal tobacco industry documents, now available on the Internet, reveals that Sweden and Finland were classified as "priority 1" areas in which to intensify efforts to resist tobacco control measures. In the late 1980s Philip Morris increased its activities in Scandinavia in order to counteract penal taxation threats and marketing restrictions. Swedish scientists were engaged by the tobacco industry in the "White Coat" project, a program expected to shed doubt on research linking passive smoking to health risks. The Swedish tobacco company Swedish Match collaborated with Philip Morris in challenging measures to limit tobacco use, including the new, stricter tobacco law proposed in the early 1990s.

Conflict of Interest↗
PubMed2002

Pregnancy and risk of renal cell cancer: a population-based study in Sweden.

Epidemiological findings indicate that hormonal influences may play a role in the etiology of renal cell cancer (RCC). The possible effect of childbearing remains enigmatic; while some investigators have reported a positive association between number of births and renal cell cancer risk, others have not. A case-control study, nested within a nation-wide Fertility Register covering Swedish women born 1925 and later, was undertaken to explore possible associations between parity and age at first birth and the risk of renal cell cancer. Among these women a total of 1465 cases of RCC were identified in the Swedish Cancer Register between 1958 and 1992 and information on the number of live childbirths and age at each birth was obtained by linkage to the Fertility Database. For each case, five age-matched controls were randomly selected from the same register. Compared to nulliparous women, ever-parous women were at a 40% increased risk of RCC (Odds Ratio [OR]=1.42; 95% CI 1.19-1.69). The corresponding OR for women of high parity (five or more live births) was 1.91 (95% CI 1.40-2.62). After controlling for age at first birth among parous women, each additional birth was associated with a 15% increase in risk (OR=1.15; 95% CI 1.08-1.22). The observed positive association between parity and renal cell cancer risk is unlikely to be fully explained by uncontrolled confounding, but warrants further evaluation in large studies, with allowance for body mass index.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Childbearing and the risk of leukemia in Sweden.

OBJECTIVE: The possible influence of childbearing on the development of leukemias in females has received little attention, in spite of consistent findings of lower incidence rates in females than in males. A nested case-control study was undertaken to explore if parity and age at first birth affect the risk of developing these malignancies. METHODS: In a nationwide cohort defined by a population-based Fertility Register, we identified 356 women with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), 819 with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), and 179 with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). For each case, five age-matched controls were selected. Odds ratios were estimated by conditional logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: There was some evidence of weak negative associations between parity and age at first birth for CML. Compared to nulliparous women there was a tendency of a temporal risk reduction of CML for the first 10 years following a delivery. The risk of ANLL was slightly lower in parous compared to nulliparous women. Neither parity nor age at first birth was related to the risk of ALL. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that if pregnancy-related hormonal or immunological factors have an effect on the development of leukemia, it is minor and confined to the myeloid types, chiefly CML. Our study gives some support for treating the leukemias as separate entities based on both cell lineage and form in future etiologic studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Sociodemographic predictors of non-attendance at invitational mammography screening--a population-based register study (Sweden).

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of sociodemographic factors in predicting mammography uptake in an outreach screening program. METHODS: Linkage of data from a regional population-based mammography program with four Swedish nationwide registers: the Population and Housing Census of 1990, the Fertility Register, the Cancer Register, and the Cause of Death Register. We computed odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for non-attendance by sociodemographic factors. Non-attendance was defined as failure to attend in response to the two most recent invitations. RESULTS: Multivariate analyses among 4198 non-attenders and 38,972 attenders revealed that both childless and high-parity women were more likely to be non-attenders (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.6-2.0 and OR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.8-2.7, respectively). Women living without a partner were less likely to attend (OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.5-1.9), as were non-employed women (OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.9-2.3). Those renting an apartment were more likely to be non-attenders compared with home-owners (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.6-2.0), and immigrants from non-Nordic countries were more than twice as likely to be non-attenders compared with Swedish-born women (OR = 2.4, 95% CI: 2.0-2.8). CONCLUSIONS: There are identifiable subgroups in which mammography utilization can be increased. Special attention should be paid to women who have never attended, childless women, and non-Nordic immigrants.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Transient increase in breast cancer risk after giving birth: postpartum period with the highest risk (Sweden).

OBJECTIVE: Identify time-points when the elevated postpartum maternal breast cancer risk peaks. METHODS: A case-control study nested within the Swedish Fertility Register included 34,018 breast cancer cases from the Swedish Cancer Register between 1961 and 1995. From the Fertility Register, 170,001 eligible subjects matched to the cases by age were selected as controls. Analysis contrasted risk between uniparous (7084 cases and 31,703 controls) and nulliparous (5411 cases and 22,580 controls) women and between biparous (13,239 cases and 65,858 controls) and uniparous women. Logistic regression analysis included indicator variables representing each year of age, ages at delivery, and time since delivery. RESULTS: Comparing uniparous with nulliparous women the transient increase in maternal breast cancer risk peaked 5 years following delivery (odds ratio= 1.49, 95% confidence interval 1.01-2.20) and leveled off 15 years postpartum. Biparous women had a transient increase in risk that was lower at its peak than that of uniparous women, occurring about 3 years following second delivery. CONCLUSIONS: A time window of 5 years postpartum when maternal breast cancer risk is highest was observed. Establishing timing of peak transient increase in postpartum breast cancer risk may define the latent period required for pregnancy hormones in promoting progression of breast cells that have undergone early stages of malignant transformation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Trends in smoking and overweight during pregnancy: prevalence, risks of pregnancy complications, and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

The prevalence of smoking during pregnancy is decreasing in some, but not all, developed countries, as the prevalence of overweight is increasing rapidly in most countries. During pregnancy, smoking increases the risk of placental abruption, but reduces the risk of preeclampsia, while overweight increases the risks of gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and cesarean delivery. Both smoking and overweight are associated with dose-dependent increases in risks of stillbirth and very preterm birth (< 32 weeks). From a public health perspective, smoking and overweight today probably represent the most important modifiable risk factors for pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Adolescent↗