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Biomedical subjects

Masatoshi Takeda

Publications and source records attributed to Masatoshi Takeda.

79 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Psychological characteristics of eating disorders as evidenced by the combined administration of questionnaires and two projective methods: the Tree Drawing Test (Baum Test) and the Sentence Completion Test.

The objective of this study is to examine psychological/psychopathological characteristics of eating disorders and their subtypes through a combined administration of questionnaires and projective tests. Three questionnaires (Eating Disorder Inventory - 2, Social Adaptation Scale, Southern California University Eating Disorder Inventory - Revised) and two projective tests (the Tree Drawing Test [TDT, Baum Test], and the Sentence Completion Test [SCT]) were administered to 126 female patients between the ages of 15 and 30 years, with eating disorders according to DSM-IV criteria at our outpatient clinic, and to 54 sex- and age-matched control subjects. The purging subtypes of eating disorders (anorexia nervosa - binge-eating/purging type [ANBP] and bulimia nervosa - purging type [BNP]) were clearly differentiated from the controls, both by the questionnaires and the projective tests. Compared with the controls, ANBP/BNP showed more problematic profiles across the three questionnaires, drew smaller and poorer trees in TDT to a more left location on the drawing paper, and gave fewer positive, and more negative responses in SCT. In contrast, few significant differences were found between anorexia nervosa- restricting type (ANR) and the controls, and between ANBP and BNP. As a trend, however, ANR was consistently located between the controls and ANBP/BNP across the whole questionnaires and projective tests.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

The unfolded protein response is involved in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) performs the synthesis, posttranslational modification, and proper folding of proteins. A variety of conditions can be ER stress, causing the accumulation of unfolding or misfolding proteins in the ER. Eukaryotic cells have three different mechanisms for dealing with an accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER known as the unfolded protein response (UPR): transcriptional induction, translational attenuation, and degradation. This paper focuses on the relationship between UPR and the pathogenesis of AD. Our results indicate a new mechanism by which PS1 mutations may affect the sensing of ER stress. Experimental manipulation of IRE1, PERK, or eIF2alpha phosphorylation or GRP78 expression might allow the development of therapeutic strategies for FAD.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed2002

[The role of lipid metabolism in Alzheimer's disease].

Lipid metabolism in the central nervous system has been focused as an important factor of Alzheimer's disease, since the apolipoprotein E gene was discovered as a genetic risk for the disease. Lipid metabolism in the brain, showing relatively closed environment, necessitates lipid reutilization. Cerebrospinal fluid contains only high-density lipoproteins composed of apoE and apoJ secreted from astrocytes and of apoA-I and apoA-II transported via the blood brain barrier. These apolipoproteins can bind to beta amyloid and possibly relate to its clearance. The aggregation of phosphorylated tau, found in neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's brain, is also found in the brain with Niemann-Pick disease, suggesting that the impairment of lipid transport in neuronal cells participates in Alzheimer's disease. Mitochondrial function, lipid production, and acetylcholine production are closely related, and these alterations could be involved in cholinergic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. The regulation of lipid metabolism in and outside the brain could be a therapeutic and preventive target for Alzheimer's disease.

Acetyl Coenzyme A↗
PubMed2002

Neural substrates of human facial expression of pleasant emotion induced by comic films: a PET Study.

Laughter or smile is one of the emotional expressions of pleasantness with characteristic contraction of the facial muscles, of which the neural substrate remains to be explored. This currently described study is the first to investigate the generation of human facial expression of pleasant emotion using positron emission tomography and H(2)(15)O. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) during laughter/smile induced by visual comics and the magnitude of laughter/smile indicated significant correlation in the bilateral supplementary motor area (SMA) and left putamen (P < 0.05, corrected), but no correlation in the primary motor area (M1). In the voluntary facial movement, significant correlation between rCBF and the magnitude of EMG was found in the face area of bilateral M1 and the SMA (P < 0.001, uncorrected). Laughter/smile, as opposed to voluntary movement, activated the visual association areas, left anterior temporal cortex, left uncus, and orbitofrontal and medial prefrontal cortices (P < 0.05, corrected), whereas voluntary facial movement generated by mimicking a laughing/smiling face activated the face area of the left M1 and bilateral SMA, compared with laughter/smile (P < 0.05, corrected). We demonstrated distinct neural substrates of emotional and volitional facial expression and defined cognitive and experiential processes of a pleasant emotion, laughter/smile.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Landau-Kleffner Syndrome: Localization of Epileptogenic Lesion Using Wavelet- Cross-Correlation Analysis.

Magnetoencephalographic findings in a 6-year-old patient suffering from acquired aphasia with convulsive disorder (Landau-Kleffner Syndrome, LKS) are presented. The data were analyzed using wavelet-cross-correlation analysis, a nonstationary analysis method developed to analyze the localization of an epileptogenic lesion and the propagation of epileptiform discharges. The results indicate that LKS might be a disorder of the primary temporal cortex, and that the auditory neural network may function as the circuit for the epileptic discharge propagation.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cerebrospinal fluid tau in dementia disorders: a large scale multicenter study by a Japanese study group.

A large scale multicenter study of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau levels was conducted to determine the cut-off value, sensitivity and specificity for clinical usage as a biomarker of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Its use for early and differential diagnosis and the factors that increase CSF tau levels were also examined. CSF samples from a total of 1,031 subjects including 366 patients with AD, 168 patients with non-Alzheimer type dementia (NA), 316 patients with non-dementia neurological diseases (ND) and 181 normal controls (NC) were measured using ELISA for tau. The cut-off value of tau, 375 pg/ml, showed 59.1% sensitivity and 89.5% specificity for diagnosis of AD compared with the other groups. The tau levels were increased from the early to late stages of AD. Elevation of CSF tau in the non-tauopathy and tauopathy dementia groups, chronic and acute damage to the cerebrum, and meningeal disturbance were other factors that required attention for clinical practice. Measurement of CSF tau was useful as a biomarker for early and differential diagnosis of AD.

Adolescent↗