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Biomedical subjects

Masao Tateyama

Publications and source records attributed to Masao Tateyama.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Elsberg syndrome with eosinophilic meningoencephalitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis.

A 42-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with a history of fever, headache and disorientation. His cerebrospinal fluid revealed eosinophilia and his serum had an antibody against Angiostrongylus cantonensis (A. cantonensis). Then, he was diagnosed as eosinophilic meningoencephalitis caused by A. cantonensis. He was treated with repeated lumbar punctures and oral prednisolone. Although a symptom he had been suffering from at the time of his admission was urinary retention, this symptom disappeared as his general condition improved. Therefore his case was considered to be Elsberg syndrome with eosinophilic meningoencephalitis caused by A. cantonensis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2006

Drug-resistant HIV-1 prevalence in patients newly diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in Japan.

The increasing prevalence of drug-resistant HIV transmission has become a critical epidemic in the world today. Studies in developed countries reported 8-27% of newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients are infected by drug-resistant strains. To determine the prevalence of drug-resistant HIV-1 among newly diagnosed cases in Japan, eight HIV/AIDS clinical centers, three public health laboratories and the National Institute of Infectious Diseases conducted a nationwide survey. Between January 2003 and December 2004, 575 newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients with both acute and chronic infections were enrolled in the study. Twenty-three cases, including three recently infected patients, were infected with HIV-1 having major drug-resistance mutations, including M41L, D67N, L100I, K103N, V106A, M184I, M184V, L210W, and revertant mutations at the 215 codon in reverse transcriptase and M46I in protease encoding regions. In this newly diagnosed population, we also clarified the prevalence of hepatitis virus coinfection, which was 8.8% for HBV and 4.3% for HCV. In conclusion, the drug-resistant transmission rate was 4.0% in Japan. Although this rate is significantly lower than that of other developed countries, this rate almost reaches the threshold at which baseline genotypic resistance testing would be cost-effective for all infected persons before initiating therapy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2006

In vitro activity of sitafloxacin against clinical strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae with defined amino acid substitutions in QRDRs of gyrase A and topoisomerase IV.

OBJECTIVES: Fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae are increasing worldwide rapidly. In vitro activities of sitafloxacin were evaluated against clinical isolates of S. pneumoniae resistant to levofloxacin (MIC of levofloxacin > or = 4 mg/L), which were characterized genetically. METHODS: The quinolone resistance determining regions (QRDRs) of gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE of these strains were analysed by PCR-based sequencing. MICs of sitafloxacin and other quinolones were determined by a microdilution broth method. RESULTS: All 18 strains had at least one amino acid substitution in the QRDRs of GyrA and ParC, which included Ser-81-->Tyr/Phe and Glu-85-->Lys in GyrA and Ser-79-->Phe/Ile/Tyr, Asp-83-->Tyr, Asn-91-->Asp, Ser-107-->Phe, Lys-137-->Asn and Ala-142-->Ser in ParC. Most isolates had Asp-435-->Asn/Ile-460-->Val/Ala-596-->Thr substitutions in ParE, while no amino acid substitution in GyrB was noted in all isolates. Ten isolates for which levofloxacin MICs were 16 or 32 mg/L had multiple mutations in both GyrA and ParC. The MIC80 value of sitafloxacin for levofloxacin-resistant isolates was 0.25 mg/L. The range of MICs of sitafloxacin for isolates resistant to levofloxacin (MIC 4-32 mg/L) was 0.016-0.5 mg/L. CONCLUSIONS: These findings warrant further studies to evaluate the usefulness of sitafloxacin in the treatment of levofloxacin-resistant S. pneumoniae infection.

Amino Acid Substitution↗
PubMed2006

NKT cells play a limited role in the neutrophilic inflammatory responses and host defense to pulmonary infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

CD1d-restricted NKT cells are reported to play a critical role in the host defense to pulmonary infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, the contribution of a major subset expressing a Valpha14-Jalpha18 gene segment remains unclear. In the present study, we re-evaluated the role of NKT cells in the neutrophilic inflammatory responses and host defense to this infection using mice genetically lacking Jalpha18 or CD1d (Jalpha18KO or CD1dKO mice). These mice cleared the bacteria in lungs at a comparable level to wild-type (WT) mice. There was no significant difference in the local neutrophilic responses, as shown by neutrophil counts and synthesis of MIP-2 and TNF-alpha, in either KO mice from those in WT mice. Administration of alpha-galactosylceramide, a specific activator of Valpha14+ NKT cells, failed to promote the bacterial clearance and neutrophilic responses, although the same treatment increased the synthesis of IFN-gamma, suggesting the involvement of this cytokine downstream of NKT cells. In agreement against this notion, these responses were not further enhanced by administration of recombinant IFN-gamma in the infected Jalpha18KO mice. Our data indicate that NKT cells play a limited role in the development of neutrophilic inflammatory responses and host defense to pulmonary infection with P. aeruginosa.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Susceptibility of several macrolides and a ketolide against clinically isolated 'Streptococcus milleri' group.

The susceptibility of four macrolides (erythromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin and azithromycin) and a ketolide (telithromycin) was tested using 58 clinically isolated strains of the 'Streptococcus milleri' group (SMG). Among the 58 strains, 9 strains were determined to be resistant to erythromycin as well as other macrolides. Of the four macrolides and the ketolide, telithromycin was the most effective antibiotic against the SMG, including the erythromycin-resistant strains.

Humans↗
PubMed2006

In vitro activity of sitafloxacin compared with several fluoroquinolones against Streptococcus anginosus and Streptococcus constellatus.

The in vitro activities of sitafloxacin and seven other fluoroquinolones a (ciprofloxacin, tosufloxacin, sparfloxacin, levofloxacin, T-3811ME, moxifloxacin and trovafloxacin) were examined by the microdilution method against 79 clinically isolated 'Streptococcus milleri' group (SMG) microorganisms. No statistically significant differences were found between the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC(50) and MIC(90)) against Streptococcus anginosus and Streptococcus constellatus. Sitafloxacin was the most active agent of the eight fluoroquinolones tested against SMG, with a MIC(90) of 0.06 microg/mL, which was 8 times more active than ciprofloxacin and 16 times more active than levofloxacin. Although none of the SMG strains showed high resistance to any of the fluoroquinolones tested, three agents (trovafloxacin, sitafloxacin and T-3811ME) had low MICs against 23 SMG strains against which levofloxacin had a MIC> 1 microg/mL. In conclusion, several fluoroquinolones have low MICs against SMG, but sitafloxacin has the lowest.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2006

Genetic analyses of beta-lactamase negative ampicillin-resistant strains of Haemophilus influenzae isolated in Okinawa, Japan.

Recently, the instance of beta-lactamase-negative ampicillin (AMP)-resistant (BLNAR) strains of Haemophilus influenzae has exhibited a marked increase in Japan. Our group determined the MICs of 160 clinical isolates of H. influenzae at a university hospital in Okinawa, the southernmost part of Japan, and found that 27 strains were BLNAR, while 24 strains were beta-lactamase-producing. Among the latter, 2 strains were resistant to AMP/clavulanic acid. BLNAR strains were shown to be more resistant to cephems than non-BLNAR strains. The competitive affinity assay using biotinylated AMP for penicillin-binding protein (PBP) showed that the binding of cefotiam to PBP 3A/3B of BLNAR strain C2163 was lower than that of the AMP-susceptible strain, while bindings to other PBPs were not changed. The sequences of ftsI, the gene encoding transpeptidase domain of PBP 3A and/or PBP 3B, were determined, and it was found that sequences of the ftsI gene of BLNAR strains were heterogeneous mutations. Deduced amino acid sequence analyses of BLNAR strains showed that three residues (Asn-526, Val-547, and Asn-569) were replaced with Lys, Ile, and Ser, respectively. In addition, some BLNAR strains had an additional three residues (Met-377, Ser-385, and Leu-389) in ftsI replaced with Ile, Thr, and Phe, respectively. Furthermore, changes from Asp-350 to Asn-350 and from Ser-357 to Asn-357 were also found in most BLNAR strains. These substitutions were located around the penicillin binding sites of PBP3. Multiple substitutions in the amino acid sequence seemed to be closely related with extended resistance against beta-lactams, including third-generation cephems. Randomly amplified polymorphism DNA fingerprinting of clinical isolates of BLNAR strains showed genetic heterogeneity of the strains, suggesting that the prevalence of BLNAR in this region was a result of the emergence of multiple clones of this phenotype.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2006

[A case of multisystem Langerhans' cell histiocytosis with lung deterioration over 15 years].

We report a case of multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) with lung, bone and pituitary involvement. A 20-year-old man developed thirst, polydipsia and polyuria in 1983. He had right femur pain from 1988 and osseous LCH was diagnosed based on the operated specimen in 1989. From July 1990, he had right chest pain on coughing and dyspnea and was admitted in November 1990. LCH involving the lungs was diagnosed by CT images and diabetes insipidus was also detected. Steroid therapy was started from 1991, but he discontinued it in 1998. Though he stopped smoking, his clinical symptoms worsened and he experienced bilateral pneumothoraces in 2002 and since then he has been receiving home oxygen therapy. Pulmonary LCH is thought to have a good prognosis, but in recent studies, its survival rate appears low. We report a case of multisystem LCH with lung deterioration over about 15 years.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

In vitro activity of pazufloxacin, tosufloxacin and other quinolones against Legionella species.

OBJECTIVES: The activities of pazufloxacin and tosufloxacin against Legionella spp. were evaluated in vitro and compared with those of other quinolones, macrolides and azithromycin. METHODS: The conventional MICs were determined by the microbroth dilution method. Intracellular activities of drugs were evaluated by a cfu count. The minimal extracellular concentration inhibiting intracellular growth of bacteria (MIEC) was determined by a colorimetric cytopathic assay. RESULTS: MICs of pazuloxacin and tosufloxacin at which 90% (MIC90) of isolates are inhibited in 76 different Legionella spp. strains (38 ATCC strains and 38 clinical isolates) were 0.032 and 0.016 mg/L, whereas the MIC90s of levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, garenoxacin, erythromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin were 0.032, 0.032, 0.032, 2.0, 0.125 and 2.0 mg/L, respectively. Pazufloxacin and tosufloxacin at 4x MIC inhibited intracellular growth of Legionella pneumophila SG1 (80-045 strain), as did other quinolones, clarithromycin and azithromycin, whereas erythromycin at 4x MIC did not. MIECs of pazufloxacin, tosufloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and garenoxacin for the strain were 0.063, 0.004, 0.016, 0.032 and 0.008 mg/L respectively, which were superior to those of macrolides and azithromycin. Pazufloxacin showed potent activity against three additional clinical isolates of L. pneumophila SG1, one clinical isolate each of L. pneumophila SG3 and SG5, as well as Legionella micdadei, Legionella dumoffii and Legionella longbeachae SG1. CONCLUSIONS: Pazufloxacin and tosufloxacin, as well as other quinolones, were more potent than macrolides and an azalide. Present data warrant further study on the efficacy of these drugs in the treatment of Legionella infections.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Efficacy of pazufloxacin mesilate in Legionnaires' disease: a case report and in vitro study of the isolate.

We report here a case of culture-proven Legionnaires' disease successfully treated with intravenous injection of pazufloxacin mesilate (PZFX), a fluoroquinolone newly approved in Japan. The patient was a 51-year-old man hospitalized after a diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia. Legionella pneumophila SG1 was isolated from the patient's bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and the soluble antigen of the bacterium was detected in the fluid as well. Subsequently, intravenous PZFX was administered for a week and proved markedly effective. An in vitro study confirmed that PZFX had excellent extracellular and intracellular activity against the isolate from the patient. This case suggests that PZFX is an option for treating Legionnaires' disease.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2005

[Two cases of pulmonary aspergillosis successfully treated with combinated micafungin and itraconazole therapy].

We report 2 cases of pulmonary aspergillosis treated successfully by combining micafungin and traconazole. Case 1: A 51-year-old man with hemoptysis and dyspnea on effort treated for pulmonary tuberculosis and aspergillosis was found on chest CT on admission to have a fungus ball in the left upper lobe and increasing consolidation around the cavity of both lung fields. Bronchoscopy proved positive for aspergillus PCR in bronchial lavage. He was diagnosed with chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis, based on clinical and radiological findings and the positive reaction for aspergillus PCR. He was treated with micafungin alone at first, this proved ineffective, so itraconazole was added, resulting in improvement. Case 2: A 24-year-old woman with stabilized Hodgkin's disease (mixed). She had suffered from a cough and back pain, and chest CT showed increasing consolidation inside and around a giant bulla. She was diagnosed with chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis, based on isolation for Aspergillus sp. in sputum culture and a positive reaction for Aspergillus antigen in bronchial lavage and Aspergillus antibody in serum. She was treated with the combined micafungin and itraconazole, which rapidly improved symptoms and radiological findings. Pulmonary aspergillosis therapy is often difficult, because delivery of the drug to the infection site is limited and drug tolerance is poor. We found that combination micafungin and itraconazole therapy is tolerable and effective in these cases.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

In vitro and in vivo activity of olamufloxacin (HSR-903) against Legionella spp.

The activity of the fluoroquinolone olamufloxacin (HSR-903) against Legionella spp. was studied in vitro and in vivo. The olamufloxacin MIC at which 50% of isolates are inhibited (MIC50) for 81 different Legionella spp. strains (59 type strains and 22 clinical isolates) was 0.008 mg/L, which was identical to sparfloxacin, whereas the MIC50s for erythromycin, levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were 0.25, 0.032 and 0.032 mg/L, respectively. Olamufloxacin and sparfloxacin (at 0.008 mg/L) inhibited intracellular growth and subsequent cytotoxicity of L. pneumophila 80-045 in J774.1 macrophages, whereas levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin did not, at the same concentration. When olamufloxacin was given to the infected guinea pigs orally (5 mg/kg of body weight), peak levels in the lung were 3.02 mg/kg at 2 h post-administration, with a half-life of 3.41 h and an AUC0-12 of 12.31 mg.h/kg. The 2 day post-infection bacterial burden of the lung in the animals treated with olamufloxacin (5 and 1.25 mg/kg given orally twice a day) was much lower than in those treated with levofloxacin (same dose as olamufloxacin) or erythromycin (10 mg/kg given orally twice a day). When treated with olamufloxacin (5 mg/kg given orally twice a day) for 7 days, 11 of 12 L. pneumophila-infected guinea pigs survived for 14 days post-infection, as did all 12 guinea pigs treated with levofloxacin (5 mg/kg given orally twice a day) for 7 days. In contrast, only two of 12 animals treated with erythromycin survived and 10 of 11 died in the physiological saline group. Olamufloxacin was as effective as levofloxacin in a guinea pig model of Legionnaires' disease. These data warrant further study of whether olamufloxacin is an option for the treatment of Legionella infections.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

High plasma osteopontin level and its relationship with interleukin-12-mediated type 1 T helper cell response in tuberculosis.

Osteopontin (OPN, also known as Eta-1), a noncollagenous matrix protein produced by macrophages and T lymphocytes, is expressed in granulomatous lesions caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. In the present study, we compared plasma concentrations of OPN in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis with those of healthy control subjects and patients with sarcoidosis, another disease associated with granuloma formation. Plasma OPN levels were significantly higher in patients with tuberculosis (n = 48) than in control subjects (n = 34) and patients with sarcoidosis (n = 20). OPN levels correlated well with severity of pulmonary tuberculosis, as indicated by the size of lung lesions on chest X-ray films. Furthermore, chemotherapy resulted in a significant fall in plasma OPN levels. In patients with tuberculosis, plasma OPN concentrations correlated significantly with those of interleukin (IL)-12. In vitro experiments showed that OPN production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin preceded the synthesis of IL-12 and interferon-gamma and that the neutralizing anti-OPN monoclonal antibody significantly reduced the production of IL-12 and interferon-gamma. Our results suggest that OPN may be involved in the pathologic process associated with active pulmonary tuberculosis by inducing IL-12-mediated type 1 T helper cell responses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Isolation of Legionella anisa from multiple sites of a hospital water system: the eradication of Legionellacontamination.

For the prevention of nosocomial cases of legionellosis in the Ryukyu University Hospital neonatal wards, we examined nine shower units and a sink tap water unit for the presence of Legionella, over a 6-year period. We isolated Legionella-like organisms (LLO) from showerheads by culturing sediments from the water samples on buffered charcoal yeast extracts (BCYE). We used DNA-DNA hybridization to determine that the organisms were L. anisa. A fingerprinting technique called random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) also showed that all the organisms were identical at the genome level. Replacement of the shower heads harboring colonies of L. anisa prevented further contamination. Nosocomial cases of legionellosis have not been reported from the wards during the period of this survey. This is the first description of the isolation of L. anisa from multiple sites within a hospital, and RAPD analysis suggests that these may be the spread of a single clone.

Cross Infection↗